Rev.Acad. Canar. Cienc, XXIII (Num. 3), 1 1-24 (201 1 ) (publicadoenabril de 2012) LEPTOLAIMIDS (NEMATODA, LEPTOLAIMLNA) FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS & R. Riera *, J. Nunez- >1.C. Brito- ' CentrodeInvestigacionesMedioambientalesdelAtlantico(CIMASL) ArzobispoEliasYanes.44.38206 La Laguna.Tenerife.Canar\ Islands.Spain -Benthos Lab. Departmentof.Animal Biology. FacultyofBiology UniversityofLaLaguna.38206 LaLaguna.Tenerife.Canan. Islands. Spain *correspondingauthor: rodrigo(acimacanarias.com RESUMEN Siete especies pertenecientes al suborden Leptolaimina fueron colectadas durante un estudio ecologicode los fondosblandos en la costa surde la isla de Tenerife (islas Canarias). Dosdeestasespecies{Dasyuemoides sp. yMetadasynemella sp.) fuerondetenninadas ani\el genericopor la faltade material en buenas condiciones. Las especies restantes fueron Cama- colaimustardusDeMan, 1889. CeramonemayiinfengiPiatt&Zhang, 1982,Diodontolaimus sabulosits Southern. 1914 Tanriia aff.peruvensis Nichols & Musselman. 1979 y Southeruia zosteraeAWgQn, 1929. Serealizaunadescripciondetallada. figurasydatosmeristicosdecada una de las especies, asi como datos autoecologicos de las localidades de muestreo. Palabras clave: Nematoda. Leptolaimina. \ida libre. fondos blandos. Tenerife. islas Canarias. ABSTR.\CT Seven species belonging to the suborder Leptolaimina were collected during an eco- logical study ofthe soft-bottoms on the south coast ofTenerife. Canar\' Islands. Two ofthese species {Dasyuemoides sp. Metadasynemella sp.) were detemiined to genus le\el due to the lack ofmaterial in good conditions. The remaining species were Camacolaimus tardus De Man, 1889, CeramonemayunfengiPiatt& Zhang. 1982.Diodontolaimussahulosus Southern. 1914 Tanaia aff. peruvensis Nichols & Musselman. 1979 and Southernia zosterae Allgen, 1929. Descriptions, figures and meristic data ofeach species are presented, as well as. auto- ecological data ofthe sampling stations. Keywords: Nematoda. Leptolaimina. Free-li\ing.soft-bottoms.Tenerife.CanaryIslands. INTRODUCTION The suborder Leptolaimina Lorenzen. 1981 comprises a heterogeneous group ofgen- era with rather few characters in common, that are all those taxa ofthe order Chromadorida 11 which do not belong to the suborders Chromadorida and Desmoscolecina (Lorenzen [9]). Some common features could be cuticle always striated, labial sensilla minute orinconspic- uos, outer labial and cephalic setae in different circles and cephalic ones usually longerthan outerlabial setae. Inaddition, amphidsareventrally-spiralornon-spiral,buccalcavityminute and, in most ofthe cases, tubular. Males have twotestes and females two ovaries. During an ecological study ofthe intertidal and shallow subtidal soft-bottoms from two stations onthe southcoastofTenerife, several specimensbelongingtothe suborderLep- tolaiminawerecollected.Amoredetailedstudyrevealedthatthoseindividualsbelongto 7 dif- ferenttaxa: CamacolaimustardusDeMan, 1889, CeramonemayunfengiPiatt&Zhang, 1982, Dasynemoides sp., Diodontolaimus sabulosus Southern, 1914, Metadasynemella sp., South- erniazosteraeAWgQn, 1929 and Tarvaia aff.peruvensisNichols & Musselman, 1979. MATERIALAND METHODS m Samples were collected in soft-bottoms ofthe intertidal and shallow subtidal (3 deep), ofLos Abrigos (SE Tenerife) and Los Cristianos (SW Tenerife). 4.5 inner diameter PVC coresweretakentoadepthof30cminthe sediment.Thesesampleswerefixedwith 10% mm formaldehyde in seawaterforonedayanddecantedthrougha sieveof63 meshsize, and posteriorlypreservedin70%ethanol. Specimensweremountedinglycerinegelanddrawings ofthese were done using a camera lucida on a Leica DMLB microscope equipped withNo- marski interference contrast. All measurements are in micrometers and curves structures are measuredalongthe arc. To assess the granulometric composition ofthe sediment, ca. 100 g ofsediment from eachmonthlysamplewasovendriedat 105°C,passedthroughagradedseries(2mm, 1 mm,0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.125 mm and 0.063 mm) ofsieves, and then weighted (Buchanan [5]). The methodofWalkley & Black [17] was usedto determine the organic mattercontent (% OM) of thesediment.Totalnitrogen(%)wasdeterminedfollowingtheKjeldahlmethod(Bradstreet[4]). SYSTEMATICS Subclass CHROMADORIAPearse, 1942 CHROMADORIDA Order Chitwood, 1933 SuborderLEPTOLAIMINALorenzen, 1981 Family Leptolaimidae Orley, 1880 Genus Camacolaimus De Man, 1889 Camacolaimus tardus De Man, 1889 (Fig. l,Tab. 1) Camacolaimus tardus De Man [6] 184, fig. 2 a-e; Wieser [18] 27, fig. 198 a-g; Vitiello [16] 681,fig. 24a-d. Camacolaimus australisAWgQn [2] 125, fig. 17 a-e. Meristicdataand studied material.-Tenerife,Abrigos intertidal: august2000, 1 male ((j\) and 1 ju- venile (Juvenil 1). 12 Description.-Male. Body slender, tappering towards both ends. Head slightly roundand not set off. Cuticle annulated, lacking lateral differentiation. Amphids are46% ofthe correspon- dingbodydiameterin width, round and unispiral. located at 1 \im from theanteriorend. Buc- cal cavity narrow, with a style-like tooth. Innerand outer labial setae absent. 4 cephalic setae 0.9 anal diameters long, located in the anterior part ofthe head. Subcephalic setae lacking. Pharynx slenderand cylindrical. The reproductive system is diorchic with two anterior testes. Spicules 1.4 anal diam- eters long, paired, arcuated and without capitulum. Gubemaculum 0.6 anal diameters long, with a dorsoventrally directed apophysis. Precloacal supplements absent. Tail 4.4 anal diam- eters long, cylindrical withposteriortipconsistingofthin cuticle. Caudal setae lacking. Spin- neret developed. Discussion.-Canarian specimenspresent a largergubemaculumandadorsolaterallydirected apophysis,beingdorsocaudallydirectedin individualsfromothergeographicalareas. Cephalic setae are larger(0.9 cephalic diameters) compared to british specimens (0.6 cephalic diame- ters) (Piatt & Warwick [12]). 1 Juvenile 1 Total body length 1433 1314.3 a 33.4 33.5 b 6.3 5.9 c 12.6 15.3 Cephalic diameter 16 39.3 Outerlabial setae — 7.1 Cephalic setae 14.3 8.6 Buccal cavitydiameter 2.9 7.1 Amphiddiameter 5.7 5.7 Amphidheight 5.7 5.7 Amphid from anterior 2.9 4.3 Pharynx length 228.6 221.4 Phar\'nx cbd 39.3 39.3 Maximumbodydiameter 42.9 39.3 Spicule length 37 Gubemaculum length 17 s' 1.4 Tail length 114 85.7 Anal bodydiameter 26 32.1 c" 4.4 2.7 Spicule length/Tail length 0.3 Table 1.-MeasurementsofCamacolaimustardusin|.im. Ecology.- This species was collected in medium sands (Qs^ = 0.38). with a ver\' good selec- tion(Sq=0.87).Theorganic mattercontentwas 1.11%andcarbonatespercentagewas5.13%. 13 Distribution.-Cosmopolitan(Lorenzen[9]).ThisspeciesisfirstrecordedfromtheCanaryIslands. B Figure 1.-Camacolaimustardus.Male.A.Anteriorend. B.Posteriorend. ScaleA= 12|im,B= 19fim. Diodontolaimussabulosus Southern, 1914 (Fig. 2, Tab. 2) Diodontolaimus sabulosus Southern [15] 31, fig. 11; Piatt & Warwick [12] 420, fig. 196; Palacin[ll]319. Meristic data andstudied material.-Tenerife,Abrigos intertidal:June2000, 1 male(c5^1)and 1juve- nile (Juvenile 1), april 2001, 1 male {S2). Description.- Male: Body slender, attenuating on both ends. Head set off Cuticle annulated, without lateral differentiation. Amphids 26% ofthe corresponding body diameter in width, unispiral, locatedat2 \m\ fromtheanteriorend. Buccal cavityconical, with anoticeabledorsal tooth. Innerandouterlabial setaelacking. 4cephalic setae0.9 cephalicdiameterslong, situated inthemedianpartofthehead. Subcephalic setaeabsent. Ventral glandandnerveringnotseen. Reproductive system not discernible. Spicules 1 anal diameter long, paired, arcuated with a capitulum. Gubernaculum 0.3 anal diameters long, with a dorsoventrally directed apophysis. 13 precloacal supplements 23 |im long, being the posteriormost located at 29 jam fromthe cloaca. Tail 1.8-2.1 anal diameters long, conical with an acuminated tail tip. Caudal setae lacking. Spinneret inconspicuous. Discussion.- Canarian specimens bear 13 precloacal supplements, being observed 9 or 11 precloacal supplements in this species (Southern [15]; Vitiello [16]). Moreover, a papilla lo- catedbetween4°-5°precloacal supplement (Vitiello [16]) is lacking in the studied material. Ecology.-This specieswascollectedinmediumsands(Q50=0.32-0.36), withaverygoodse- lection (Sq = 0.79-0.84). The organic matter content ranged from 0.96% to 1.30% and car- bonates percentage variedbetween4.44% and 6.15%. Distribution.- Amphiatlantic (Hopper & Myers [7]; Piatt & Warwick [12]). Mediterranean Sea(Palacin[ll]). 14 1 2 Juvenile 1 Total body length 3442.9 2714.3 1600 a 45.9 42.2 26.7 b 11.5 31.1 7.5 c 37.1 47.5 21.3 Cephalic diameter 14 14.3 10 Cephalic setae 13 13.1 17.1 Buccal ca\ity diameter 5.7 7.1 4.3 Amphiddiameter 7.1 7.1 7.1 Amphidheight 7.1 5.7 4.3 Amphid from anterior 4.3 4.3 Pharynx length 300 87.1 214.3 Pharynx cbd 64.3 57.1 57.1 Maximum body diameter 75 64.3 60 Spicule length 53 44.3 Gubemaculum length 16.1 12.4 s' 1 1.1 Tail length 92.9 87.1 75 Anal bodydiameter 51 41.5 53.6 c' 1.8 2.1 1.4 Spicule lengthTail length 0.6 0.5 Table2.-MeasurementsofDiodontolaimiissabiilosusin|im. Distribution.- This species is first recorded from the Canary Islands. Figure2.-Diodontolaimiissahiilosiis. Male. A.Anteriorend. B. Posteriorend. ScaleA= 10um. B= 15 }.un. 15 FamilyTarvaiidae Lorenzen, 1981 & Tarvaia 2iii.peruvensisNichols Musselman, 1979 (Fig. 3; Tab. 3) Taj-vaiaperuvensisNichols & Musselman [10]: 125, fig. 1 a-c; Lambshead [8]: 67, fig. 8 a-f. Meristicdata and studied material.-Tenerife,Abrigos subtidal:June2000, 1 juvenile(Juvenile 1). Description.-Juvenil: Bodyslender,tapperingtowardsbothends. Headround, slightlysetoff with a cephalic capsule. Cuticle ornamentedwith transversal annulations, lateral differentia- tion lacking. Amphids are 86% ofthe corresponding body diameter in width, large, "U-in- verted"shape, locatedat4 |imfromtheanteriorend. Buccalcavitysmall andenlarged,without noticeableteeth. Innerandouterlabial setaeabsent. 4cephalic setae 1.3 headdiameters long, situatedintheanteriorhalfofthe cephalic capsule. Subcepahlic setae lacking. Pharynx slen- derand cylindrical. Reproductive system not devel- oped. Precloacal supplements absent. Juvenile 1 Tail 3.9 anal diameters long, cylindrical, Total body length 1342.9 withposteriortiptruncated. Caudal setae a 44.8 lacking. Spinneret developed. b 10.5 Discussion.- The examined specimen c 18.4 closely resembles Tarvaia peruvensis Cephalic diameter 46.4 Nichols & Musselman, 1979 in amphid Innerlabial setae 15 shape, the presence ofa anterior cuticu- larizedshieldandhavingamphids inside Cephalic setae 19 the cephalic capsule. This species was determinedas Tan^aia aff.pruvensis due Amphidheight 12.9 to the lack ofaduh specimens. Amphid fromanterior 30 Ecology.- This species was collected in Pharynxcbd 128 medium sands (Q50 = 0.26), with a very Maximumbodydiameter 35 good selection (Sq = 0.75). The organic Vulvafromanterior 35 %V matterpercentagewas 1.54% and6.84% nd ofcarbonates content. Spicule length nd Gubemaculum length & Distribution.- East Pacific (Nichols Musselman [10]). This species is first Tail length recorded in theAtlantic Ocean. Analbodydiameter 72.9 c' 18.6 Spicule length/Tail length 3.9 Totalbody length Table3.-MeasurementsofTarvaiaaff.peruvensis in |am; nd=nodiscernible. 16 Figure3.- Tonaiaaff.peruvensis.Juvenil. A.Anteriorend. B.Posteriorend. Scale= 15 urn. FamilyAegialoalaimdae Lorenzen, 1981 Soiithernia zosteraeAllgen. 1929 (Fig. 4. Tab. 4) SouthenuazosteraeW\%Qn [1] 427, fig. 3; Allgen [3] 148. fig. 74 a. b. Soiithernia rubra Schulz [14] 405, fig. 41 a-e. Meristic data and studied material.- Tenerife.Abrigos siibtidal: October2000. 1 male (fl)- Description.- Male: Body slender, slightly tappering towards both ends. Headroundand not set otY. Cuticle annulated with trans\ersal striations. lacking lateral differentiation. Amphids are 63% ofthe corresponding body diameter in widht. simple, strongly cuticularised (in plaque)andround, locatedat 5 um fromtheanteriorend. Buccal ca\ityminute and unarmed. Innerandouterlabial setaeabsent. 4cephalic setae0.5 headdiameters long, locatedatthe me- dian partofthe head. Subcephalic setae absent. Phar\'n.\ short, poorly de\elopedandwithout define posteriorbulb. Reproducti\e system not discernible. Spicules 0.4 anal diameters long, paired, arcu- ated, proximallycephalated. Tail2.3 anal diameters long, cylindrical \\ith arounded posterior tip. Precloacal supplements and caudal setae absent. Spinneret poorly developed. Discussion.- This species is characterized by ha\ing an amphid in plaque, gubernacular apophyses dorsocaudally directed and tail cylindrical with a rounded end. Ecology.-This specieswascollected in tuiesands(Qso=0.24). witha\er\'goodselection (Sq = 0.73). The organic mattercontent was 0.51% and4.61% ofcarbonates percentage. Distribution.- East Atlantic Ocean (Piatt & Wanvick [12]). This species is first recorded in the Canary Islands. 17 -n Total body length 1342.9 a 31.3 b 30.3 c 15.9 Cephalic diameter 20 Cephalic setae 10 Amphiddiameter 22.9 Amphidheight 21 Amphid from anterior 7.1 Pharynx length 44.3 Pharynxcbd 32.9 Maximumbodydiameter 42.9 Spicule length Gubemaculumlength 47 s' 20 Tail length 1.3 Anal bodydiameter 84.3 c' 36 Spicule length/Tail length 2.3 Total body length 0.6 Table4.-. MeasurementsofSoiitherniazosteraein|im. Figure4.-Soiitherniazosterae.A.Anteriorend. B.Posteriorend. ScaleA=25 |im,B=32[im. 18 Family Ceramonematidae Cobb, 1933 Ceramonemayunfengi Piatt & Zhang, 1982 (Fig. 5, Tab. 5) Ceramonemayunfengi Piatt & Zhang [13]: 236, fig. 5; Piatt & Warwick [12]: 466, fig. 219. Meristic data and studied material.-Abrigos subtidal:July, 1 female(^ 1), October, 1 female (^2). Description.- Female: Body slender, attenuating on both ends. Head slightly round, not set offand with a cephalic capsule. Cuticle ornamented with transversal ridges, lateral differentiation lacking. Amphids are 30% ofthe corresponding body diameter in width, "U-inverted" shape, located at 16 |im fromtheanteriorend. Buccal cavityand innerlabial setae absent. 6outerlabial setae 0.7 cephalic diameters long and 4 cephalic setae 0.8 cephalic diameters long, situated in the media part ofthe head capsule. Subcephalic setae lacking. Pharynx slenderand cylindrical. Reproductive system not discernible. Vulva located at the level ofthe 38% ofthe total body length. Tail 3.8-5.4 anal diameters long, slender and cylindrical, with conical posterior tip. Caudal setae absent. Spinneretpoorly developed. x\ ^2 Total body length 1200 1671.4 a 28 34.9 b 10.2 12.8 c 6.2 12.2 Cephalic diameter 23 35.7 Innerlabial setae 17.1 21.4 Cephalic setae 11.9 12.9 Subcephalic setae 14.6 15 Amphiddiameter 7.1 10 Amphidheight 11.4 10.7 Amphid from anterior 15.7 14.3 Pharynx length - 14.3 Pharynx cbd 117.9 130.7 Maximumbody diameter 39.3 28.9 Vulva from anterior 42.9 47.8 %V 457.1 nd Spicule length 38.1 nd Tail length Anal bodydiameter 192.9 137.1 c' 35.7 35.4 Spicule length/Tail length 5.4 3.8 Table5.-MeasurementsoiCeramonemayunfengiin|.im; nd=nodiscernible. 19 Discussion.- This species is characterized by having amphids "U-inverted" shape, cuticular ornamentation formed byridges, and bythe outer labial andcephalic setae arrangement. Ca- narian specimens have a De Man index (a= 28-35) shorterthanbritish individuls (a=54-78), and females tail length (4-5 anal diameters long) are less developed than british ones (11-12 anal diameters long) (Piatt & Zhang [13]). Figure5.-Ceramonemayiinfengi. Male.A.Anteriorend. B.Posteriorend. Scale= 12 fim. Ecology.- This species was recorded in median sands (Q50 = 0.24), with a very good seclec- tion (Sq = 0.73-0.75). The organic matter content ranged from 0.51% to 0.78% and carbon- ates percentage variedbetween4.61% and 5.47%. Distribution.-EastAtlantic (Piatt&Zhang [13]). This species is firstrecordedintheCanary Islands. Dasynemoides sp. (Fig. 6, Tab. 6) Meristic data and studied material.-Tenerife, Cristianos subtidal: October2000, 1 female ($1). Description.- Female: Bodyslender,tapperingtowardsbothends. Headround, slightlysetoff,withacephalic capsule. Cuticle ornamented with transveral striations. Amphids 40% ofthe corresponding bodydiameterinwidth,unispiral andlocatedat 10 fimfromtheanteriorend. Buccalcavityand inner labial setae lacking. Six outer labial setae, 1.1 cephalic diameters long. Four cephalic setae, 1.6headdiameters long, situatedinthemedianpartofthecephaliccapsule. Subcephalic setae absent. Pharynx slenderand cylindrical. Ventral gland andnerve ringnot seen. 20