LEGAL HANDBOOK FOR SPECIAL AGENTS PAGES REVIEWE- D13 7 A PAGES RELEASED - 137 . . _ . | 4 n (cid:24) II, I ,¢uI~l|Il,.4~Mll-Ill-llllllllll 0 T8a/2b0le/ 03 o f Contents 0 8:58 58 O L HBSAI- NL EGAH LANDBOF SOOPRKECIAL AGENTINST RODUCTION rm(cid:1)nsoox _ o -1 F OREWA ONRDDm srnuccrzoF nOsRu smcn :us rmznsoox S ECTIOO N F OREWOA RNDDI NSTRUCTIOF NOSRU SINGTHIS L HBSAP~ 1LEGALH ANDBOF OOKRS PECIAA LGENTP SART1 S ECTION 1 P ROBABLECAUSE DEFINITION R ELEVANTINFORMATION A PPLICATION O F T HE STANDARD S OURCES O F FACTS C OMUNICATING T HE FACTS R EVIEWA NDA PPROVO ALFC OMPLAINA TNSDAFFIDAVITS P REPARATIG OUNIDELINEF SORP ROBABC LAEUSSETATEMENT DELETED S 2E CTION A FFIDAVITSA NDCOMPLAINTS BACKGROUND DELETED DELETED DELETED DELETED M OVEDT O A PPENDIX 8-1 DELETED DELETED S 3ECTION ARREST I SSUANCE O F A RRESTWARRANTS C RIMINAL LIABILITY-ESCAPE ARREST ARREST - 1 PROMPT 3-12 3-13 W ITH WARRANT 3-14 U SE OF W ITHOUT WARRANT MANNA PEPREARANCB EEFOREM AGISTRAT ES7-e1e6 and 3-15 F ORCE SeeM IOG,P art 2 , 1 1-1.1 ! SEARO CFHE NTRY See 5 -2.1 a ndM IOG,P 2a,rt 3-16 I NCIDENTAL T O ARREST MEDIC ,ALA TTENTIOF NORA RRESTEE SSeeM IOGP art 2, F OREIGN NATIONAL SSeeM IOG,P art I I, ll-2.3.3.! A RRESTI SN F OREIGC NOUNTRIES SeeM IOG,P art II, D IPLOMATICI MMUNITY See 5-11.! N EWM SEDIAM EMBE RSSeeM AOPP ,artI I, 5 -7.1 a ndMIOG, A RMED F ORCES PERSONNEL S ERVICE O F SUBPOENAS ARREST O FJ UVENILES SeeM IOG,P 2a, rt 4-1.1.! SECTION 4 . I NVESTIGATIVE DETENTION I N GENERAL DETENTION L IMITED S EARCHF ORWEAPONS (cid:20) O THERA PPLICATIONO FD ETENTIONAUTHORITY S ECTION 5 S EARCHA ND SEIZURE I N G ENERAL See8 -3.2 a ndM PIaOrtG , 1 , S ect1on91-9, S EARCHU NDERS EARCHWARRANT I NTRODUCTIONE XCEPTIONT S0 T HES EARCHWARRANT S BEYA RCH CONSENT E MERGENCS YEARCHES SeeA ppendix, 4-1.! SEARCH I NCIDENTALT OA RREST See 3 -8 a ndM IOG,Part M OTORV EHICLEE XCEPTION Formerly 5 -7 1! I NVENTORY SEARCHES M ARKINE GVIDENCF EORI DENTIFICATIO NFormerly5-8! S BEYA RCHESU S C USTOMS SERVICE Formerly5-9! D IPLOMATII CMUNITY Formerly5-10! - . _,WnWTT....,. -_< .. W , WW 5-12 I 6 5-13 . -.... |(cid:20)nl|l92ll>l9292 n|<| 1| xll. I, Tl , UIL4. ulllllillillll(cid:2) I 7 FIRST AMENDMEPNRTI VACY PROTECTIO NF ormerly 5-11! SEARCH FORD OCUMENTS INP OSSESSION OFT HIRD PARTIES SECTION 6. EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION IN GENERAL LINEUPS SINGLE SUSPECT CONFRONTATIONS PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFIC ASTeIeO MN IOG,P art I, SECTION 7 CONFESSIONS ANDIN TERROGATIONS IN GENERAL See MIOG, Part 2, Section 7.! - 1 VOLUNTARINESS 7-12 WARNING OF RIGHTS 7-13 WAIVER OF RIGHTS See LHBSA, 7-2 1 (cid:1)!.! INTERVIEWO S FUBJECT B UY.S. ATTORNEY 7-14 INTERVIEW UNDO SEAeRTe H 7-12.15 and M PIaOrtG , I, DELETED 7-15 RECORDING oIrN TERVIEWS Formerly7 -14! See 7-9.3.! 7-16 INTERVIEW LOG SS ee MIOG, Part I, 263-5.1 (cid:3)!.! 7-17 INTERPRETERS 7-1s PLEA BARGAINING PREPARATIONS OIGFN ED STATEMN STSee MAOPP, art II, 7-19 RETENTION OINFT ERVIEW NOT SEeSe MAOPP, art II, 10-12, IDENTITY OFI NTERVIEWING AGEN TSSe e M PIaOrtG , 2, 7-20 INTERVIEWS INF OREIGN COUNTRI ESSe e M PIaOrtG , II, 7-21 APPEARANCE BEFORE U.S MAGISTRATE 7-22 MOVED TO 7-14 REMOVALO P FRISONER FROM CUSTODO YUF .S MARSHAL PRESENCO ECF OUNSEL D INUTREINRGVIEW See MIOG, Part 7-23 PRESENCE O SFTENOGRAPHERS 7-24 EVIDENCE OFFE DERAL INCOMTAEX VIOLATIONS See MIOG, REQUEST T SOEE JUDGE OR U S MARSHAL 7-25 QUESTIONING ABOUT SIMILAR CRIMES I 9 PROTECTING IDENTITY O INFFORMANTS 7-26 DELETED REQUEST TO USE TELEPHONE 7-27 LEGAL ADVICE BY AGENTS See MIOG, Part 2, 7-2 1.! 7-2s ADVICE O CFHARGE, LOCAL CUSTODY SECTION B INFORMANTS AND ENTRAPMENT IN GENERAL See MIOG, Part I, Section 137.! INFORMATION REGARDING L CORCIMALES LEGAL LIMITATIONS - DISCLOSURE O INFFORMANT(cid:24)S IDENTITY SECTION 9. CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN GENERAL S3-e4e 3 and MIOG, Part 1 S,ection 197 ! CLAIMS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT SUITS AGAINST T EHMEPLOYEE CRIMINAL LIABILITY LEGAL REPRESENTATION S ee 9-4 and MIOG, Part 1, 197-4 ! _ 1 DISCLOSURE O OFFFICIAL FBI INFORMATION I 2 I 3 I 4 Table of Contents CASLEHSBSAXO - LEGAL HANDBOOFKO R SPECIAL AGENTS APPENDIX APPENDIX 1 FD(cid:20)26 - CONSENT TO SEARCH 1-1 FD-26 - CONSENT TO SEARCH APPENDIX 2 FD-395 - ADVICE OF RIGHTS 2-1 FD-395 - ADVICE O RFIGHTS See LHBSA, Part 1, 7-3.3.! APPENDIX 3 . FD-404 - Y ROIGUHRTS AT A LINEUP 3-1 FD-404 - YOUR RIGHTS A T A LINEUP APPENDIX 4. SELECTED FEDERCAILR CUIT COURTOSF APPEALS I _ I Iwmw" mm _ n 92|-1 (cid:2)~mI~||Il92.A mwum||uu 4-1 I 5 _ 5-1 SELECTED FEDECRIRALC UIT COUROTFS APPEALCSA SEST A HRAET _ 6. APPENDIX 5 . FEDERAL JUDICIAL CIRCUITS MAP _ 6-1 FEDERAL JUDICIAL CIRCUITS MAP _ 7 APPENDIX 6. FORFEITUREA ABNADN DONED PROMPAETRTTEYR S GOVERNMEFONRTFEITURE AANBDA NDONED PROPMEARTTTYE RS SEFEO RFEITURE APPENDIX 7 ETHICAL STANDARFDOSR ATTORNEYFOS R THE _ 7-1 ETHICAL STANDARFDOSR ATTORNEFYOSR THEG OVERNMENT _s APPENDIX 8 SEARCH WARRAUNPTO N ORATLE STIMONY _ e-1 Search Warrant Upon Oral Testimony I (cid:20) (cid:20) ~-- ---; "" mm~~ __ _ n ll-4 -9292li.9292ul924| Mllllllilllllilltl SENSITIVE Manl-ID: LHBSALIENG AL HANDFBOORO SKP ECAIGALE NTS INTRODUCTION SECTION O. FOREWORDIN ASNTDR UCTIONSU T FSHOIINSRG HANDBOOK **Ef£Dte: 04/28/M19C7R8T #: D0 iv: D9 Cav: SecCls: O-1 FOREWORD AND INSTRUCTFIOONRS U SINTGH IS HANDBOOK The Legal Handbook forS pecial Agents is not intended tob e a treatise o thne law. Rather, i t i sdesigned as a compilation of basic principles of constitutional and criminal procedural law i nthose a orfe as greatest concern to the Agent-Investigator. It is written in understandable language andin corporates, w phoessreible, applicable Bureau policy. This handbwoaosk prepabrye dth e|0fficoef t Gheeneral I Counsel|basSeudp orne me dCeocuisrti ons ionr ,t hosaer eas I where the SupremC eh oaus rt not addresseda p articular legal issue, on a annalysis of lower Federal courtd ecisions. The main bodyo f the handbook containtsh e general rules in effect - for each area of the law discussed. Appendix 4 at the end of the handbook contains information on selected Federal circuit courts of appeals cases that are in conflict, in w hole o inr part, w thiteh general rule. Therefore, in using the hand- b Aogoekn,t-Investigators are required to s Acpapnendix 4 for any special rules in effect in t chierciruit, in addition to locating the general rule in the main body of the handbook. Appendix 4i s broken downb syection Search andS eizure, Pro- bable Cause,C onfessions, etc.!; therefore, Special Agents need not review the entire Appendix eacht ime the handbook is used. Local policies and practices of U.S. Magistrates SENSITIVE Printed: O8/20/200036 :43:34 Page 1 & T#I]3l[9F;TT""&#39;" 1*|mn|H&#39;" l . ...... -..(cid:24).92-M(cid:24) 1 1 1| AI(cid:24) I~r.I92lIl<| l|||_.|llllH||IllU SENSITIVE Hanl-ID: LHBSAINL EGAL HANDBOFOORK SPECIAALG ENTS INTRODUCTION and U.S. Attorneys often vary from district to district. Any such l orucleasl, not contrary to stated Bureau policy, should be deemed supplementary to instructions contained i nthis handbook. The handbook w biell revised from time to time as the law and Bureau policy change. It has been prepared i na handy size and form, and Special Agents are encouraged to have it a vailabli enthe course oaf n investigation. **srrm== 09/09/1994l &#39;lCRT#D: iv2:8 1D C 9av: SecC1s: *********************************** END OF REPOR*T* *************************** SENSITIVE Printed: 08/20/200036 :43:34 (cid:25) Page 2 i mm _ _ . | . |n 92l(cid:20). I ml l l9ll2d1lII.|llll|J|lll4l SENSITIVE Hanl-ID: LHBSAPL1E GAL HANDFBOORO KS PECAIAGLE NTS PA1RT SECTION 1 P.ROBABLE CAUSE **EffDte: 04/28/1M9C7R8 T#: D0 iv: D9 Cav: SecC1s: 1-1 DEFINITION | l! Probable cause isa reasonableb elief basedo n available facts and circumstanceasn,d thel oingfeicreanlces that can be drawnfr om t hem.I tis determined btyh e totality o thfe facts and circumstances,a vsiewed f trhoem perspective o f a reasonable law enforcement officer. (cid:2)! The probable causstea ndard iso ne ofp robability, not certainty; thus, it is significantly l othwaenr the " bperyooonfd a reasonable doubt" standard necessary to support a criminal conviction.| **EffDte: 07/26/19H9C9 RT#: 9D15iv : D9 Cav: SecCls: 1-2 IRELEVANT INFORMATION Any relevant, reliable, legally obtained information may be usedt eostablish probable causee, ven thoughth at same information may bee xcluded fromt rial by a rule o efvidence. For example, probable causem ay beb ased inw hole or in part on hearsay second hand! informatioenv en thougthhe ruleso efvidence generally exclude hearsay evidencfreo ma trial. Likewise, ad efendant&p #crr3iiom9r;isn al recordm bea y relevant t tohe issue of probable causeev en thougthh at same informmaayti obnneo ta dmistos ibplreoh vies /her guaitlt trial. **EffDte: 07/26/19H9C9 RT#: 9D15iv : D9 Cav: SecCls: 1-3 |APPLICATION or wasS TANDARD] **EffDte: 07/26/199H9C RT#: 91D5i v: D9 Cav: SecCls: 1-3.1 |General Probable cause is the level o pfroof required by the Fourth Amendmeton ts upport the issuanceo wfarrants to arrest or to search andb sytatute to obtain a court order to intercept communications.I tis also the Fourth Amendmesntat ndard for WARRANTLESS ARaRnEdS foTrS C, ERTAIN WARRANSTELAERSCSH ES~-e.g., emergency searchefosr evidence, the vehicle exception, etc.| SENSITIVE Printed: 0a/20/2o0s0=34 s=34 Page 1* (cid:20) -~ -»»~_-i-»~__._4. .... _, __ .§92_ll92 .-m..M. nnl 1 9|2lI(cid:24) -MA1-9292lul924i ullléll(cid:2)llillllll SENSITIVE Hanl-ID: LHBSAL PHE1AG NADLBOOK FOR SPECAIAGLE NP TSA R1T **E£fDte: 07/26/1999 HCR91T5# :D iv: D9 Cav: SOCCII2 l-3.2 |Probable Cause to Arrest The constitutional validity of every arrest, whether made Awn iatrrhes tor without aw arrant, depenudpso n thee xistence oPf ROBABLE CAUSET AHTE MOMTHEEN TA RRISE SMTA DEE.v idence obtasinuebds equent arrest is to the arrest c baen not used retrospectivelyto justify the arrest. by warranet nsures thaa mt agistratej udge ora g rand jury has predeterminethde existenceo f probablec ause. A warrantless valid if a federal offense(cid:20)-felony or misdemeanorr-is committed itnh e presencoef Agentso, r, if the arrestingA gents have **E£fDte: probablec t aou se believe thata federalf elony wacso mmitted tbhye person being arrested.(cid:24) 07/26/1999 MCR9T1#5: Div: D9 Cav: SecCls: 1-3.3 |Probable Cause to Search available crimhea s W prhoebnable c isa use required to justify a search-(cid:20)e.g., search warrante, mergency searcohr ,t he vehicle except1on(cid:20)-the crime or facts and circumstances musstu pport the conclusion that a are being been committed, t ihteamt s sought are c wointhn ected that are persons for whose arrest there is probable cause, or who described unlawfully restrained!, and that the described items or persons arep resently locatedo r s too on be locateda at particularly **EffDte: place.| 07/26/1999 HCRT9#1: 5 Div: D9 Cav: SecCls: 1-A ISOURCESIOF FACTS firsthand |Facts to establish probablec ause mabye basedo n secondpehrcaepntiodn s h soefo auanrr secnaet, ys! fo ?threy may be obtained from I **EffDte: 07/26/19M99C RT#: 91D5iv : D9 Cav: SecC1s: 1-4.1 |Firsthand Knowledge Firsthand knowledge consists of information obtained *d*irEecfftDly tteh:rougthhe senses-~is.eig.,h t, hearinsgm, ell, otro uch.| 1-4.2 07/26/1999 MCR9T1#5: Div: D9 Cav: SecCls: |Hearsay SENSITIVE Printed: 08/20/200036 :43:34 Page 2 & (cid:28)(cid:28)#W3I9](cid:2);I[(cid:28)TT"(cid:28)&#39;m&#39; (cid:24)*TUWTWIm"TIWMW"& W#3W9W; (cid:28)T(cid:2)ITH*"I WI(cid:2)nT*wImmnm"" ...., .........., mu 4| (cid:24)um, -~1uI92lll..l nlllmllulllll SENSITIVE Hanl-ID: LHBSAPL1E GAL HANDBFOORO KS PECIAAGLE NTP SA RT1 Information ow ft hheic h Agent doenso t havep ersonal knowledge hise arsay. Althougphro bable caumsea y bbea sed inw hole or in part o hnearsay, Agents shoulcda refully evaluates uch informatione tnos ure thita its given propweer ight. Ine valuating hearsay informationA,g ents shoulcdo nsider theC REDIBILITYT OHFE S aOs URCwEell ast he RELIABIOLIFT YT HINEF ORMATION PROVIDED.| **EffDte: 07/26/1H9C99R T#: 9D1i5v : D9 Cav: SecC1s: I1-4.2.1 Credibility o thfe Source (cid:1)! Knowledgeo t hfe source(cid:20) I n everyday experience, either consciouo sslruy bconsciouslwy,e m juadkgements regarding the credibility of individuals whpor ovide informationto u Ws.hether we know thep erson, howwe ll wek now thema,n d whawt e knowab out them(cid:20)- these arec ommon factowres rely upon inj udging credibility. i (cid:2)! Corroboratfiaocnt so Cf- redibilitya onfy source can beb olstered ifw e alreadkyn ow, oc re asntablish independently, t hat a substantial portion o thfe information is true. / **EffDte: 07/26/19H9C9 RT#: 9D15iv : D9 Cav: SecCls: I1-4.2.2 Reliability o tfhe Information The mostc redible o sfources may provide information that is unreliable. T inh us, assessing there liability of the information, it is importantt aoscertain the basis o itf. In other words, howdo es thes ourcek H nooww ? was thei nformation acquired? If Agentsk now hothwe sourcoeb tained thien formation, it is possible t oassess its reliability. For example,i f the source obtainedi t firsthand, it is morere liable thanif i twas obtained through hearsay. If the Agentsd noot k hnooww the source obtained the information,a high degreeo d fetail in the information providedc an support an inference that the information is reliable. In the absence of knowledgoef the basis for the source&i#n3fo9r;ms ation, independent corroboration can support a reasonable belief in the information(cid:24): reliability.| **EffDte: 07/26/19H9C9 RT#: 9D15iv : D9 Cav: SecCls: |l-4.3 Logical Inferences | In addition t ionformation acquired through firsthand perceptions ohr earsay, Agenmtsa y drawlo gical inferences f trhoamt SENSITIVE Printed: O8/20/200063:4 3:34 Page 3 * "(cid:2)1lIFTT&#39;""" IIHWIIFTF" I . .... . -..i.(cid:24)....~ ||<| 1 9|2lI(cid:24) I 1. l lMllIl-.||1l|l92Wllll SENSITIVE Maul-ID: LHBSAP1L EGAL HANDBOFOORK SPECIAALG ENTS PA1RT information. For example, Agenmtsa y receivere liable information that an individual is engaged ini llegal distribution o cfocaine. Although the information makesn o reference t oother i toefms evidentiary valuet,h e Agentms ay logicallyin fer that one wheon gages in that kind o cfriminal activity will also possesrse lated itemss uch as packagingm aterials, large amounts ofc raescohr,ds that would identify names o sfources and customerse, tc. Such inferences canb e included in the probable cause statementto support the i sosf uance a search warrant for all of the relevant i tneammsed.| **EffDte: 07/26/1999H CRT#: 91D5 iv: n9 Cav: SecC1l: 1-5 ICOMHUNICATING was FACTSI **EffDte: 07/26/1999H CRT#: 91D5 iv: D C9av: SecCls: 1-5.1 |General If Agents apply for a warrant to arrest or to search, they must communicatet he underlying facts to support the issuanceo thfe warrant probablec ause! toa magistrate judge whhoa s the authority to issue the warrant. If Agents make warrantless arrests or conduct warrantless searches requiring probable cause, the obligation to communicate thper obable causeu nderlying the action will a trhiesreeafter. For example,f ollowing a warrantless arrest, Rule 5 o thfe Federal Ruleso f Criminal Procedure FED.R.CRIM.P.! requires that the arrestee be taken to the nearest available magistrate judge without unnecessaryd elay, and that a Complaint be filed. A Complaint is defined as "a written statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged." If Agents conduct a warrantless search where probable cause is the legal prerequisite-- e.g., the Vehicle Exception--it is most likely that their assessment of probable cause will be subsequently challenged by the defendant during a suppression hearing. The important point is that whether obtaining warrants, or justifying warrantless actionsr equiring probable cause, Agents must be prepared to communicatet he facts supporting their determination that probable causee xisted to support the action taken.| **EffDte: 07/26/1999 MCRT#: 915D iv: D C9av: SecC1s: 1-5.2 {Constitutional Requirements forIs suance ofW arrants The Fourth Amendment explicitly mandates that "no Harrants shall issue, but upon probable cause,s upported byO ath or SENSITIVE Printed: 08/20/20030 6:43:34 " Page 4 (cid:24) w|nm|1Hr"