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Learning to Teach from Anticipating Lessons through Comics-Based Approximations of Practice PDF

317 Pages·2012·3.5 MB·English
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Preview Learning to Teach from Anticipating Lessons through Comics-Based Approximations of Practice

Learning to Teach from Anticipating Lessons  through Comics­Based Approximations of Practice    by Chia­Ling Chen    A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment   of the requirements for the degree of   Doctor of Philosophy   (Education)   in The University of Michigan  2012  Doctoral Committee:   Associate Professor Patricio G. Herbst, Chair   Professor Deborah Loewenberg Ball  Professor Hyman Bass   Associate Professor Elizabeth A. Davis © Chia‐Ling Chen         2012 DEDICATION    To my dearest father, Te‐Yu Chen, who devoted his whole heart to raising me  and shaping my life, who dreamt big dreams for me and believed in me.    ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  I am grateful to have my family, friends, and colleagues with me in this  journey.   I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to Professor Patricio Herbst who has served  as my advisor through my graduate study. I am inspired by his passion and insights  for innovative research. I sincerely appreciate all the guidance and emotional  support Pat has offered me through these years.  I would like to also thank my other committee members, Professor Deborah  Ball, Professor Hyman Bass and Professor Betsy Davis. I am privileged to have them  challenge me to think deeply and better my work, and encourage me during the  work of this dissertation.   I have been fortunate to work with a group of talented and generous  colleagues in the GRIP (Geometry Reasoning and Instructional Practices). Working with them has provided me with invaluable support, resources and professional growth. I want to thank Wendy Aaron, Gloriana González, Hui-Yu Hsu, Manu Mehrotra, Takeshi Miyakawa, Chieu Vu Minh, Travis Skindzier, Mindy Steffen and Michael Weiss for the incredible opportunities to cooperate with them on various projects. I am particularly thankful to Chieu and Mindy, who put great effort into developing the Depict tool. Without them, the Depict tool would not have been possible, nor would my dissertation. I   iii also want to thank Wendy, Gloriana and Hui-Yu for their help in the analysis and writing through the process. I am grateful to my friends, with whom I have shared laughter and tears during these years. I appreciate their friendship and companionship through cold winters and beautiful summers in Ann Arbor. I also thank my friends in Taiwan for always being available a phone call away, and when I visited back home. I am in great debt to my parents and my sister, who love and support me  unconditionally. My father, Te‐Yu Chen, and my mother, Shu‐Chen Chen, have  instilled traditional values and encouraged me to do my best in every challenge. My  sister, Chia‐Yi Chen, is my best friend and has taken good care of family matters  while I’ve been away.  There is no doubt in my mind that without their support, I  would not have had the strength to complete this process. I am grateful to my aunts  and uncles for their support. I also want to thank my in‐laws and my brother‐in‐law  for their encouragement.   Finally, thanks to my husband, Chih‐Wei Wang, for his love and care for me.  His partnership and friendship have given me extraordinary strength in difficult  moments. His passion for life and profession has inspired me to finish this work.   I also appreciate him bringing joy to my life.     iv TABLE OF CONTENTS  DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................ii  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................................iii  LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................ix  LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................xiii  LIST OF APPENDICES.............................................................................................................................xv  ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................xvi  CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1  Rationale for Designing a Lesson‐Sketching Tool............................................................4  Hypotheses and Research Questions.....................................................................................5  An Activity Theory Framework for the Study Design.....................................................7  Dissertation Overview...............................................................................................................11  CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE..........................................................................................13  Learning from Interacting with Milieu...............................................................................13  Using Representations of Teaching to Approximate the Practice..........................15  Graphic representations of teaching.............................................................................19  Lesson Planning...........................................................................................................................21  Novice teachers’ planning..................................................................................................22  Comparison between novice and expert teachers..................................................23  Summary of teachers’ lesson planning.........................................................................27  Lesson Planning as a Learning Activity.............................................................................28  Lesson Planning as a Contextualized Experience..........................................................29  Summary.........................................................................................................................................33  CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................35  Setting and Context.....................................................................................................................36  Data Collection and Sources...................................................................................................37  Phase One: Lesson planning in text...............................................................................38  Phase Two: Using Depict or describing lessons........................................................39  Introduction to Depict...............................................................................................................42  Design rationale.....................................................................................................................43  Overview of Depict................................................................................................................44    v Graphic features in Depict..................................................................................................45  Data Analysis.................................................................................................................................50  A multimodal data corpus..................................................................................................50  Discourse analysis of lesson events: Comparing two groups.............................53  Task analysis: Comparing lesson depiction and lesson plan..............................60  Graphic features and screen action analysis of Depict..........................................61  Summary.........................................................................................................................................62  CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATING TEACHER AND STUDENT ROLES IN LESSONS................64  Characteristics of Lesson Planning in Text......................................................................66  Tasks and class events.........................................................................................................66  Participants..............................................................................................................................70  Teacher’s processes..............................................................................................................72  Class processes.......................................................................................................................74  Individual student processes............................................................................................76  Class Events Comparison between Lesson Depictions and Lesson Descriptions .............................................................................................................................................................77  Participants..............................................................................................................................78  Teacher’s processes..............................................................................................................80  Class processes.......................................................................................................................80  Individual student processes............................................................................................81  Summary.........................................................................................................................................82  CHAPTER 5 TASK ANALYSIS OF LESSON PLAN AND LESSON DEPICTION...................86  Case #1: Ellie and Elliot’s work.............................................................................................87  Anticipating Task #1............................................................................................................87  Analytical commentary on Task #1...............................................................................94  Anticipating Task #2............................................................................................................95  Analytical commentary on Task #2............................................................................101  Anticipating Task #3.........................................................................................................102  Analytical commentary on Ellie and Elliot’s lesson depiction........................120  Case #2: Pamela and Sienna’s work.................................................................................126  Anticipating Task #1.........................................................................................................126  Analytical commentary on Task #1............................................................................132  Anticipating Task #2.........................................................................................................132  Analytical commentary on Task #2............................................................................138  Reviewing lesson slides...................................................................................................140  Anticipating Task 3............................................................................................................141  Analytical commentary on Task #3............................................................................144  Anticipating Task #4.........................................................................................................145  Analytical commentary on Task #4............................................................................147  Analytical commentary on Pamela and Sienna’s lesson depiction...............149  Case #3: Serena and Beth’s work......................................................................................152  Anticipating Task #1.........................................................................................................152  Analytical commentary on Task #1............................................................................160  Transitioning from Task #1 and Task #2................................................................162    vi Reviewing lesson slides...................................................................................................163  Anticipating Task #2.........................................................................................................163  Integrating Task #2 with a follow‐up task..............................................................170  Analytical commentary on Task #2............................................................................179  Discussing Task#3.............................................................................................................182  Analytical commentary on Beth and Serena’s lesson depiction.....................183  Case #4: Samantha and Millie’s work..............................................................................187  Anticipating Task#1..........................................................................................................187  Analytical commentary on Task #1............................................................................194  Anticipating Task #2.........................................................................................................195  Analytical commentary on Task #2............................................................................199  Anticipating Task#3..........................................................................................................199  Analytical commentary on Task #3............................................................................207  Anticipating Task#4..........................................................................................................209  Analytical commentary on Task #4............................................................................212  Reviewing slides.................................................................................................................213  Analytical commentary on Samantha and Millie’s lesson depiction............215  Syntheses of Lesson Depiction across Four Cases.....................................................218  The changing role of lesson plan in the lesson depiction activity.................218  Specifying teacher’s instructional moves.................................................................221  Refining mathematical tasks..........................................................................................229  Individualizing students..................................................................................................234  Considering temporal factors in a lesson.................................................................242  Conclusion...................................................................................................................................244  CHAPTER 6 USE OF DEPICT’S FEATURES.................................................................................246  Use of Graphic Features.........................................................................................................246  Templates...............................................................................................................................246  Actions on templates.........................................................................................................248  Speech bubbles....................................................................................................................251  Actions on speech bubbles.............................................................................................251  Inscribe....................................................................................................................................254  Caption boxes.......................................................................................................................256  Actions on caption boxes.................................................................................................258  Gestures..................................................................................................................................259  Facial expressions..............................................................................................................261  Visualization of Lesson Slides.............................................................................................262  Conclusion...................................................................................................................................264  CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................266  Revisiting the Research Questions.......................................................................................266  Learning from Interaction with a Milieu........................................................................270  Graphic Representations as Semiotic Resources Mediating Learning..............272  Approximations of Practice in Depicting Lessons......................................................273  Limitations..................................................................................................................................275  Limitations of Depict.........................................................................................................275    vii Limitations of the study...................................................................................................276  Implications for Practice.......................................................................................................278  Implications for Research.....................................................................................................280  APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................................282  REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................292    viii LIST OF FIGURES  Figure 1. The basic activity system framework............................................................................8  Figure 2. Activity system for the Control group.........................................................................10  Figure 3. Activity system for the Depict group...........................................................................10  Figure 4. The learning situation........................................................................................................14  Figure 5. The interface of Depict shown when the study was conducted.......................45  Figure 6. The first task in Ellie and Elliot’s lesson plan..........................................................87  Figure 7. EE‐S01‐v1: The question posed by the virtual teacher was copied directly  from Ellie and Elliot’s text‐based lesson plan...................................................................89  Figure 8. EE‐S01‐v2: The virtual teacher sets up the question...........................................90  Figure 9. EE‐S02: A male student, sitting in the front row, answers with an  expression.........................................................................................................................................91  Figure 10. EE‐S03: Teacher responds to the student’s answer and asks a follow‐up  question.............................................................................................................................................92  Figure 11. EE‐S04: More than one student were involved in response to the  question.............................................................................................................................................94  Figure 12. The second task in Ellie and Elliot’s lesson plan.................................................95  Figure 13. EE‐S05‐dlt: This slide was deleted after the participants realized that the  table from previous task should be on the board............................................................97  Figure 14. EE‐S05: This slide was duplicated from the first slide to preserve the  board content..................................................................................................................................98  Figure 15. EE‐S06‐v1: Multiple students participated verbally and nonverbally....101  Figure 16. The third task in Ellie and Elliot’s lesson plan...................................................102  Figure 17. EE‐S07‐v1: The teacher responded to a student’s reply and suggested  graphing the points....................................................................................................................104  Figure 18. EE‐S08‐v1: The teacher was graphing on the right side, instead of left  side....................................................................................................................................................105  Figure 19. EE‐S01‐v3: The virtual teacher’s instruction was revised...........................108  Figure 20. EE‐S06‐v2: A caption box indicates the time needed for student thinking. ............................................................................................................................................................109    ix

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colleagues in the GRIP (Geometry Reasoning and Instructional Practices). Working with them has provided from Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) to examine whether and in what ways teacher 's instructional moves when depicting lessons. They were engaged in.
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