Список рекомендуемой литературы  Международный консорциум «Электронный университет» Московский государственный университет экономики, статистики и информатики Евразийский открытый институт Р.А. Гитович, С.В. Ковальчук Learning Psychology in English Учебно-методический комплекс Москва, 2010 1 УДК 811.111 ББК 81.2Англ Г517 Под редакцией проф. И.Ф. Турук Гитович Р.А. Г517 LEARNING PSYCHOLOGY IN ENGLISH: учебно-методи- ческий комплекс / Р.А. Гитович, С.В. Ковальчук. – М.: Изд. центр ЕАОИ, 2010. – 158 с. ISBN 978-5-374-00424-3 Учебное пособие «Learning Psychology in English» предназна- чено для студентов первого курса, специализирующихся в области психологии. Целью Пособия является выработка навыков чтения и пони- мания специального текста, усвоение терминологической лексики в области психологии и грамматической структуры текста. Пособие включает: 11 разделов (Units); итоговый тест; словарь специальных психологических терминов и общенаучной лексики; тексты для дополнительного чтения; руководство по изучению По- собия. Пособие содержит оригинальные тексты по различным вопро- сам психологии. Наличие в Пособии упражнений различной кате- гории сложности и структуры позволяет использовать их выбороч- но с учетом уровня подготовленности студентов. УДК 811.111 ББК 81.2 Англ © Гитович Р.А., 2010 © Ковальчук С.В., 2010 © Оформление, Евразийский открытый ISBN 978-5-374-00424-3 институт, 2010 2 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие ..................................................................................... 4 Unit 1 ................................................................................................... 5 Unit 2 ................................................................................................... 11 Unit 3 ................................................................................................... 17 Unit 4 ................................................................................................... 24 Unit 5 ................................................................................................... 31 Unit 6 ................................................................................................... 39 Unit 7 ................................................................................................... 47 Unit 8 ................................................................................................... 54 Unit 9 ................................................................................................... 60 Unit 10 ................................................................................................. 67 Unit 11 ................................................................................................. 74 Key to Tests ........................................................................................ 80 Final Test ............................................................................................. 84 Supplementary Reading ................................................................... 90 Vocabulary ......................................................................................... 95 Руководство по изучению пособия ............................................. 134 3 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Учебное пособие «Learning Psychology in English» пред- назначено для студентов первого курса, специализирующихся в области психологии. Целью Пособия является выработка навыков чтения и понимания специального текста, усвоение терминологиче- ской лексики в области психологии и грамматической струк- туры текста. Пособие включает: 11 разделов (Units); итоговый тест; словарь специальных психологических терминов и общена- учной лексики; тексты для дополнительного чтения; руково- дство по изучению Пособия. Пособие содержит оригинальные тексты по различным вопросам психологии. Наличие в Пособии упражнений различной категории сложности и структуры позволяет использовать их выборочно с учетом уровня подготовленности студентов. 4 UNIT 1 UNIT 1 Vocabulary psychology психология mind психика intelligence разум emotion чувство philosophy философия physiology физиология sensation ощущение mental мысленный awareness осознание perception восприятие consciousness сознание conscious сознательный HOW PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPED The term psychology comes from two Greek words, psyche, meaning the soul, and logos, referring to the study of a subject. These two Greek roots were first put together to define a topic of study in the 16th century, when psyche was used to refer to the soul, spirit, or mind, as distinguished from the body. Not until the early 18th century did the term psychology gain more than rare usage among scholars. By that time it had acquired its literal meaning, “the study of the mind.” Of course, people have always wondered about the mysteries of the mind. Philosophical speculation about psychological issues is as old as the human race. But it was only a little over a hundred years ago that psychology emerged as a scientific discipline. 5 LEARNING PSYCHOLOGY IN ENGLISH A NEW SCIENCE IS BORN Psychology's intellectual parents were the disciplines of phi- losophy and physiology. By the 1870s a small number of scholars in both fields were actively exploring questions about the mind. How are bodily sensations turned into a mental awareness of the outside world? Are our perceptions of the world accurate reflec- tions of reality? How do mind and body interact? The philoso- phers and physiologists who were interested in the mind viewed such questions as fascinating issues within their respective fields. It was a German professor, Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), who eventually changed this view. Wundt mounted a campaign to make psychology an independent discipline rather than a step- child of philosophy or physiology. The time and place were right for Wundt's appeal. German universities were in a healthy period of expansion, so resources were available for new disciplines. Furthermore, the intellectual climate favored the scientific approach that Wundt advocated. Hence, his proposals were well received by the academic commu- nity. In 1879 Wundt succeeded in establishing the first formal la- boratory for research in psychology at the University of Leipzig. In deference to this landmark event, historians have christened 1879 as psychology's “date of birth.” Soon afterward, in 1881, Wundt established the first journal devoted to publishing research on psy- chology. All in all, Wundt's campaign was so successful that today he is widely characterized as the founder of psychology. Wundt's conception of psychology dominated the field for two decades and was influential for several more. What was the subject matter of the new science? According to Wundt, it was consciousness — the awareness of immediate experience. Thus, psychology became the scientific study of conscious experience. This orientation kept psychology focused squarely on the mind. But it demanded that the methods used to investigate the mind be as scientific as those of chemists or physicists. Wundt’s work and ideas soon attracted attention. Many out- standing young scholars came to Leipzig to study under Wundt 6 UNIT 1 and do research on vision, hearing, touch, taste, attention, and emotion. Many of his students then fanned out across Germany and America, establishing laboratories that formed the basis for the new, independent science of psychology. Indeed, it was in North America that Wundt's new science grew by leaps and bounds. Between 1883 and 1893, some 24 new psychological research laboratories sprang up in the United States and Canada. Many of the laboratories were started by Wundt's students, or by his students' students. In any case, although psychology was born in Germany, it blossomed into adolescence in America. I. Read the text and translate it into Russian. II. Answer the following questions. 1) What does the term “psychology” mean? 2) What disciplines can be referred to as psychology’s intel- lectual parents? 3) Who is considered to be the founder of psychology? 4) What is the subject matter of psychology? 5) When did psychology emerge as a scientific discipline? 6) In what country was psychology born? 7) Where did psychology develop most rapidly in the end of the XIX century? III. Translate these sentences into English using words from the text. 1) Термин «психология» происходит от двух греческих слов: «психе», что означает «душа», и «логос», что оз- начает «слово». 2) Философские размышления о тайнах сознания столь же стары, как и человеческий род. 3) Является ли наше восприятие внешнего мира точным отражением действительности? 4) Немецкий профессор Вундт считал, что психология должна стать самостоятельной дисциплиной, а не падчерицей философии и физиологии. 7 LEARNING PSYCHOLOGY IN ENGLISH 5) Предметом психологии является научное исследова- ние сознательного опыта. 6) Именно в Северной Америке психология сделала большой шаг вперед. 7) Много научно-исследовательских лабораторий по пси- хологии в Соединенных Штатах и в Канаде было ос- новано учениками профессора Вундта. IV. Choose the noun which can follow this verb. 1) to explore a) quarrels 2) to define a) a topic b) questions b) a top c) quantities c) a tower 3) to acquire a) thinking 4) to mount a) a success b) meaning b) a community c) functioning c) a campaign V. Find in the text synonyms to the words given below: to acquire, feeling, meditation, to examine, offer, to concentrate, to set up VI. Derive nouns from the following verbs by means of suffixes –ion, - ing, -er, -al: to mean, to think, to reflect, to expand, to found, to propose, to attend, to hear TEST I. Put in the sentences the words from the box. a) founder; b) perception; c) sensation; d) psychology; е) independent; f) speculation; g) research; h) conscious; i) mental 1) Philosophical …about psychological issues is as old as human race. 2) How are bodily sensations turned into … awareness of the outside world? 8 UNIT 1 3) Wundt mounted a campaign to make psychology an … discipline. 4) Psychology became the scientific study of … experience. 5) Today Wundt is characterized as the … of psychology. 6) The philosopher Aristotle engaged in conjecture about thinking, …, motives and emotions. 7) Wundt established the first formal laboratory for … in psychology. 8) Is our … of the world accurate reflection of reality? II. Match the term with the definition. 1) psychology a) endeavor to discover new facts by scientific study of the subject 2) philosophy b) science of normal functions and phe- nomena of living things 3) physiology c) science of nature, functions and phe- nomena of human soul or mind 4) research d) actual observation of or practical ac- quaintance with facts or events. 5) experience e) love of wisdom or knowledge which deals with general causes and prin- ciples of things f) image or description of things in the mind. III. Choose Russian equivalents to the following English words 1) conception 1) догадка 2) perception 2) интеллект 3) speculation 3) сознание 4) conjecture 4) восприятие 5) sensation 5) представление 6) intelligence 6) предположение 7) consciousness 7) ощущение 8) experience 8) размышление 9) опыт 9