Learning and Teaching for the Twenty-First Century MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd ii 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3322 PPMM Learning and Teaching for the Twenty-First Century Festschrift for Professor Phillip Hughes Edited by Rupert Maclean, UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Education, Bonn, Germany Rupert Maclean, UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Education, Bonn, Germany Library of Congress Control Number: 2007936024 ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5772-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-5773-1 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the-written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY-10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not-identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd iivv 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3333 PPMM Contents Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Phillip Hughes: International Educator, Scholar, Teacher Photographic Gallery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii List of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii Section I: LEARNING AND TEACHING: THE PERSONAL DIMENSIONS 1. From Centralized Imperialism to Dispersed Management: The Contribution of Phillip Hughes to the Development of Educational Administration in Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Hedley Beare 2. The Power of Narrative to Enhance Quality in Teaching, Learning, and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Jim Cumming 3. A Pedagogy for International Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Ian Hill 4. Learning to be Tolerant: Lessons from Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Kerry J. Kennedy 5. To be a Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Malcolm Skilbeck 6. The Outer and the Inner Forms of Teaching in the Twenty-First Century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Colin Power 7. New Directions for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . 115 Robert D. Strom and Paris S. Strom v MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd vv 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3333 PPMM vi Contents Section II: LEARNING AND TEACHING: INTERACTIONS WITH EDUCATION REFORM 8. Achieving Large-Scale Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Michael Fullan 9. Educational Development in the Twenty-First Century: Refl ections on the Integration of Research, Policy, and Practice. . . . 145 Brian J. Caldwell 10. The Impossible Choice: Access, Quality, and Equity - The Case of Secondary Education Expansion. . . . . . . . 165 Françoise Caillods 11. Reform and Convergence in School Education: International Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Joanna Le Metais 12. Care and Compassion: Values Commitment and Attitude Clarifi cation in Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 John Fien Section III: LEARNING AND TEACHING: ASIA-PACIFIC PERSPECTIVES 13. Seeking a New Education Paradigm for Teaching and Learning: Achieving Education for Sustainable Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Victor Ordonez and Rupert Maclean 14. Teacher Professional Judgement in Teaching and Learning Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Michele Bruniges 15. Navigating Culture and Context: The Principalship in East and South-East Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Allan Walker and Phillip Hallinger 16. Improving the Participation of Disadvantaged Students in Post-Compulsory Education and Training: A Continuing Challenge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Joan Abbott-Chapman MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd vvii 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3333 PPMM Contents vii 17. Phillip Hughes: A Personal View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Ruth Radford 18. Semi-fi nal Refl ections: And Miles to Go Before I Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Phillip Hughes Author Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd vviiii 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3333 PPMM In Reflective Mood: Congratulations Phillip Hughes on the occasion of your 81st birthday, 12 March, 2007 MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd iixx 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3333 PPMM Foreword Phillip Hughes: International Educator, Scholar, Teacher This Festschrift is published in honour of Professor Phillip Hughes, an exceptional Australian educationalist and influential member of the international education com- munity. Professor Hughes has made major important contributions to the advance- ment of education and schooling both in Australia and in various developing countries throughout the world, the latter being mainly through his work for UNESCO. I first met Phillip Hughes in 1980 when he took up an appointment as Professor and Head of the Department of Teacher Education in the Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart. I was a Faculty staff member, and even before I first met Phillip in person I felt that I already knew him very well from his numer- ous publications and keynote presentations at major conferences. Prior to returning to his native Tasmania, Phillip’s reputation was already well established as a national and international leader in education; and as a highly respected and influential member of the Tasmanian community. Phillip and I worked together for 10 years as colleagues in the Faculty of Education in Hobart, Tasmania, and became close friends. I have always found Phil (as he is widely referred to by family, friends and colleagues) to be a charismatic and incisive thinker, with a great ability to lead by example and to inspire others to give of their best. In my own case, Phil was the person who most encouraged me to join UNESCO. He has remained a powerful influence in my life over the years, in both professional and personal terms. * * * Professor Phillip Hughes is currently Adjunct Professor at the Australian National University, Canberra, and Emeritus Professor, University of Tasmania. He has held many important positions, as consultant to the Tasmanian Government on State Education Review (2001–2005), consultant to UNESCO Paris on the Reform of Secondary Education (1998–2001), Visiting Professor, Chinese University of Hong Kong and consultant to the UNESCO Paris Task Force on Education for the 21st Century (1998), Chief Executive Officer, Australian Principals Centre (1995– 1996), curriculum consultant to OECD Paris (1993), Chairman, Medical Education, University of Tasmania (1992–1995), Chairman, Professorial Board, University of Tasmania (1988–1990), and Professor and Dean of Education, University of Tasmania (1980–1991). xi MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd xxii 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3388 PPMM xii Foreword The following quotes are from letters sent to the University of Tasmania on the retirement of Phillip Hughes in 1991. Professor Hedley Beare, former Dean, University of Melbourne: One can say without hyperbole that Phil has been one of the great Australian educators of our time. Few can match and none can outrank his contributions to education in recent years. Professor Colin Power, former Assistant Director General, UNESCO: Every Australian can attest to the contributions made by Phillip Hughes to the develop- ments of secondary education and teacher education nationally. Phil has contributed a great deal in assisting developing countries throughout the world to improve their education systems. UNESCO would also like to acknowledge his contributions to education. Education For All has always been a central passion in his life. Professor Herb Rudman, Dean, Michigan State University, USA: I have yet to meet an Australian who doesn’t know of the work of Phil Hughes. His contribu- tions to state departments of education, to the foundation of the University of the South Pacific and the new school system in Canberra and to teacher education generally are outstanding. Professor Jillian Maling, Vice Chancellor, University of Western Sydney: For me personally, Phil Hughes personifies a breadth of vision, a commitment particularly to youth, a warmth of spirit and humanity which has stayed and outlasted the onslaughts of changing fads and trends in education and even a new economic rationalism. Dr. Raja Roy Singh, Former Assistant Director General UNESCO and Chief of the Regional office for Asia and the Pacific: I recall with deep gratitude the creative insights and stimulus he provided us Asian educators. Educators from twenty-nine countries of Asia and the Pacific thank him for his participation and unique contribution professionally and personally. Professor Ken McKinnon,Vice Chancellor, University of Wollongong: Phillip has made one of the more significant contributions to Australian education in a variety of capacities. He has always been regarded as the person to bring in if the situation required a knowledgeable person, a person with the highest moral and ethical principles and, yet, in the end, a realistic and practical person interested in solving real problems. His thoughtful and wise input has been greatly valued. Professor Barry McGaw, Former Director of the Education Division of OECD: Phillip Hughes has a special place in Australian education. From his early years in senior positions in Tasmania, through his creative developments in Canberra, to his more recent work he has built and maintained an impressive national and international reputation. His intellectual acuity and his breadth of experience have combined to produce a substantial theoretical and applied wisdom on which his colleagues frequently call. More important than all of this, in many ways, is Professor Hughes’ humanity. He is a great listener, a sensitive and caring person and one who operates from a coherent and consistent value position with obvious integrity. Dr. Fenton Sharpe, Director-General of School Education, New South Wales: Phillip Hughes has made a unique and lasting contribution to education at all levels and across the whole nation as well as in other countries. I have always enjoyed his liberal MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd xxiiii 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3388 PPMM Foreword xiii mindedness, his ability to explain and synthesise matters of importance and the transparent care and concern he has for the education of children and for their teachers and leaders. He has a great capacity for friendship and supportiveness. Professor Brian Caldwell, Former Dean, University of Melbourne: His contributions to education in Tasmania, Australia and overseas have been quite remarkable. His keynote presentations to conferences have been outstanding and his support and counsel have been appreciated over the years. He has inspired us through the examples of his own work to ensure the strongest linkages between educational administration, curriculum and teaching. Professor Zhu Hejian, President, Fujian University, China: Fujian University will always remember what he has done to establish friendship and cooperation between our universities. * * * Phillip Hughes was born in Tasmania, on 12 March 1926. He attended Devonport Primary. Winning a bursary enabled him to continue his studies at Devonport High School, where he proved himself to be an all-rounder who excelled both in academics and in sports. At the end of high school a scholarship took him to the University of Tasmania where he graduated in Science (B.Sc., 1946), and in 1947 a Rhodes Scholarship took him to Oxford University from which he earned an M.Sc. (1950). On his return to Australia, three different work offers were available to Phil: to join the Department of Foreign Affairs to become a Diplomat; to work in a univer- sity physics department to further build upon his academic studies at Oxford; and to become a teacher. Phil decided on teaching as his career. Between 1954 and 1960 he held a number of teaching appointments, at the Royal Australian Naval College at Flinders Naval Depot in Victoria, at Devonport High School, at Hobart Teachers College and at the University of Tasmania. He then moved into educational administration, being appointed Superintendent of Curriculum and Principal, Hobart Teachers College (1961–1965), rapidly rising to the position of Deputy Director-General of Education (1965–1969), Tasmania. Phil left the state in 1970 to become Head, School of Education, Canberra College of Advanced Education (1970–1980), and Foundation Chairman (1973–1977), Australian Capital Territory School Authority, Canberra. In 1980 he returned to Tasmania as Professor and Dean of Education, University of Tasmania. Professor Phillip Hughes has made an exceptional contribution to promoting education policy making, practice and research in Australia (and also internationally) over the length of his illustrious career. In this regard, the facts clearly speak for themselves; the aim here being to convey the essential flavour of Phil’s numerous contributions to education, rather than provide an exhaustive list of all his considerable accomplishments. In addition to his M.Sc. from Oxford University and B.Sc. from the University of Tasmania, Phil holds a doctorate from the University of New England (Ph.D., 1981), and Honorary Doctorates from the Universities of Tasmania (Hon. Doctor of Medicine, 1995) and Canberra (Hon. Doctor of University, 1996.). MMaaccLLeeaann__FFMM..iinndddd xxiiiiii 99//1133//22000077 33::5511::3388 PPMM