A LEARNER'S POLISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY by Oscar E. Swan FIRST PRELIMINARY EDITION CD AND WEB VERSION USE BOOKMARKS TO FIND THE FIRST LETTER. THEN USE EITHER THE ADOBE BINOCULAR ICON OR THE SCROLL BAR TO SEARCH FOR THE INDIVIDUAL WORD IF YOU WOULD LIKE A HARD COPY OF THIS DICTIONARY (340 PP.), CONTACT THE AUTHOR AT <[email protected]> INTRODUCTION A Learner's Polish-English Dictionary contains over 27,000 entries. It is intended primarily for the use of the English-speaking reader of Polish, interested in arriving at the central or commonest meaning of a word, not in an exhaustive set of usages and definitions. It does not attempt to cover technical or scientific terms, or the names of uncommon plants and animals. Most terms related to the social sciences and the humanities are included. It is expected that the user will be familiar with the principles of Polish inflection. Regular and predictable endings and formations are not given. The technical apparatus is kept to a minimum and should be mostly self-evident. Grammatical indicators refer to descriptions in the author's Grammar of Contemporary Polish (Slavica: 2002), to which the user is referred for descriptions of grammatical inflections and usage. This dictionary is printed in its present form for use in intermediate and advanced Polish classes at the Univeristy of Pittsburgh. The author is aware of its many imperfections and incompletenesses, which are being improved by constant updating and proof-reading. Corrections and suggestions for improvement and new entries should be e-mailed to the author at <[email protected]>. DICTIONARY ENTRIES Within a word-entry, the basic form of the word is given first. Derived forms considered to belong to the same lexical item are given next, regardless of alphabetical order. For example, adverbial and comparative forms of adjectives are listed after the adjective, regardless of alphabetical considerations. If a form is radically different in alphabetical order from the base word, it will be listed separately and given a cross-reference. For example, under wysoki high, one will find the comparative adjective wy˝szy and the comparative adverb wy˝ej. These two forms are also listed separately, with reference to wysoki. The user is expected to have a basic command of Polish declension and conjugation. Regularly derivable forms are not listed separately unless a regularly predictable form is nevertheless apt to cause confusion. For example, the locative singular of ocet, occie, is listed, with a reference to ocet, because, even though the form is regular, its visual appearance makes the word difficult to decipher. Verb conjugation is indicated by giving the 1st and 2nd person sg. forms of the the present, along with any other irregular present or past forms. The conjugation of prefixed mono-syllabic verbs is sometimes indicated by referring to the simplex verb. For example, the following entry indicates that donieÊç is conjugated like nieÊç: donieÊç ^nieÊç pf, impf donosiç -sz´ -sisz o+L inform or report on. ~ si´ be reported If a verb occurs only or mainly in the 3rd person, only the 3rd person singular (neuter) will be given. See, for example, b∏yskaç -a us 3p impf, pf b∏ysnàç -Ênie b∏ys∏o shine, flash, twinkle, glimmer. b∏yska si´ there's lightning Aspect pairs are given in the order basic: derived, according to which aspect comes first, and regardless of alphabetical considerations. If this decision causes an alphabetization problem, then the derived aspect form is listed separately, with a cross reference. See, for example irytowaç -tuj´ -tujesz impf, pf zirytowaç irritate, with the derived perfective zirytowaç also having its own listing, with reference to irytowaç. In general, common prefixed perfective forms of a simplex imperfective verb will be listed twice, both with the base verb and as a cross-reference. However, the Acrobat search function will locate a prefixed perfective verb next to its unprefixed base, whether or not it is cross-listed. In the listing naraziç ^raziç pf, impf nara˝aç endanger. na+A expose to the basic perfective form is given first, followed by the derived imperfective. Here no separate listing for nara˝aç is needed, since no other words fall between it and the head word naraziç. Aspect pairs in -aç -àç are usually listed in this order; see bàkaç -am -asz impf, pf bàknàç -n´ -niesz , mumble, blurt out. However, if the root of the form in -aç is altered by derivational processes, the verb will usually be given under the form in -nàç, as in wytknàç -n´ -niesz pf, impf wytykaç +D reproach with wytykaç also given in a cross-reference. As this entry shows, derived imperfectives in -aç are assumed to belong to the -am -asz type unless otherwise indicated. A tilda is used to represent the head-word in phrasal illustrations, as in kamieƒ mi -a stone, rock, flint, gem. szlachetny ~ gem-stone If the head-word is illustrated in a different gender or case-form, then the right-hand part of the word will be taken back to the first letter held in common, as in aluzja f allusion. robiç ~je do+G allude to. ABBREVIATIONS USED ^ inflected like 1p, 2p, 3p 1st, 2nd, 3rd person A accusative case abbrev abbreviation affec affectionate aj adjective arch archaic aug augmentative aux auxiliary (verb) av adverb coll collective noun or numeral colloq colloquial comp comparative cond conditional mood conj conjunction D dative case decl declined derog derogatory dim diminutive distr distributive e.o. each other emph emphatic esp especially exclam exclamation f feminine noun fac an facultatively animate noun fem female variant fig figurative formal formal style usage freq frequentative G genitive case hist historical item I instrumental case impf imperfective aspect imprec imprecation indecl indeclinable indef indefinite indic indicative infin infinitive inform informal inter interrogative interj interjection L locative case ma masculine animate mi masculine inanimate mp masculine personal mppl masculine personal plural N nominative case n neuter noun neg negative nonce nonce word num aj numerical adjective num numeral o.a. one another o.s. oneself, one's self obs obsolete occ occasionally oft often or or pej pejorative pers person, personal pf perfective aspect phr phrase pl form plural form pl plural pred predicator prefix prefix prep peposition pron aj pronominal adjective pron pronoun quant quantifier reif num reified numeral s.o. someone s.t. something sg singular sub subordinating suff suffix sup suppletive superl superlative title personal title us usually V vocative case v derived verb var variant vulg vulgar w.o. without 5 A a conj and, but. a ˝e conj and since, inasmuch as aba˝ur mi -a or -u lampshade abdykacja f abdication abdykowaç -kuj´ -kujesz impf abdicate abecad∏o -de∏ n alphabet, ABCs aberacja f aberration abiturient mp grade-school graduate abnegacja f abnegation abnegat mp person living a life of self-agnegation abolicja f abolition abominacja f abomination abonament mi subscription. (radio) license abonent mp subscriber abonentka -tek fem of abonent abonowaç -nuj´ -nujesz impf trans subscribe to (newspaper, etc.) aborcja f abortion absolutny aj absolute. av absolutnie absolutely absorbowaç -buj´ impf, pf zaabsorbowaç absorb absencja f absence absolucja f absolution absolutny aj absolute absolutyzm mi absolutism absolwent mp graduate (of a school) absolwentka -tek fem of absolwent abstrahowaç -huj´ impf, pf wyabstrahowaç od+G abstract o.s. from, leave aside, omit abstrakcja f abstraction abstrakcjonista mp abstractionist abstrakcyjny aj abstract abstynencja f abstinence (from drink) abstynent mp teetotaler abstynentka -tek fem of abstynent absurd mi absurdity absurdalny aj absurd aby cond conj (abym abyÊ aby abyÊmy abyÊcie) that, so that, in order to. ach! exclam ah!, oh! achillesowy aj. phr pi´ta ~wa Achilles' heel aczkolwiek conj although adaptacja f adaptation adaptowaç -tuj´ -tujesz impf, pf zaadaptowaç adapt adapter mi -a record player adekwatnoÊç f adequacy adekwatny aj adequate adept mp follower, practitioner adidas mi -a us pl running shoes adiunkt mp adjunct, associate professor adiutant mp adjutant, aide administracja f administration administracyjny aj administrative administrator mp administrator administrowaç -ruj´ -rujesz(cid:2)impf +I administer admiracja f admiration admira∏ mp Npl -owie admiral admiralski aj of admira∏ adnotacja f annotation adoptowaç -tuj´ impf, pf zaadoptowaç adopt (child) 6 adoracja f adoration adorator mp admirer adres mi address. pod ~sem +G regarding, intended for. in care of adresat mp addressee adresowaç -suj´ -sujesz impf, pf zaadresowaç address (letter) adwokat mp lawyer, attorney, barrister, solicitor. mi egg-and-cream liqueur adwokatka -tek fem of adwokat adwokacki aj of adwokat adwokatura f legal practice. aerobik mi aerobics aerodynamika f sg-only aerodynamics aerodynamiczny aj aerodynamic aerozol mi aerosol spray afekt mi mental state afektacja f affectation afera f scandal, affair, cause celebre aferzysta mp adventurist afirmacja f affirmation afirmowaç -muj´ -mujesz impf affirm afisz mi -a poster, playbill afiszowaç -szuj´ -szujesz impf show off, advertise. ~ si´ show off aforyzm mi aphorism afro-azjatycki aj Afro-Asian afront mi affront Afryka f Africa Afrykaƒczyk mp African Afrykanka -nek fem of Afrykaƒczyk afrykaƒski aj African agat mi agate agencja f agency. ~ prasowa news agency, bureau agent mp agent, representative agentura f agency agitator mp agitator agitowaç -tuj´ -tujesz agitate agonia f death-agony agrafa f (decorative) pin, clasp, brooch agrafka -fek f safety pin agrarny aj agrarian agregat mi aggregate agresja f aggression agresor mp aggressor agrest mi us sg gooseberry agresywny aj aggressive agronom mp Npl. -owie agronomist agronomia f agronomy aha! exclam aha! AIDS mi indecl AIDS ajent mp agent akacja f locust tree, acacia akacjowy aj of akacja akademia f academy, institute, school akademik 1. mp academician, member of academy 2. mi dormitory akademicki aj academic. rok ~ academic year akapit mi paragraph akcent mi accent, stress, emphasis akcentowaç -tuj´ -tujesz impf, pf zaakcentowaç accent akceptacja acceptance akceptowaç -tuj´ -tujesz, pf zaakceptowaç accept 7 akces mi access akcja f 1 act, action, drive, campaign, operation. ~ ratownicza rescue 2. plot 3. share of stock akcyjny aj of akcja akcyza f excise tax aklamacja f acclamation aklimatyzacja f acclimatization aklimatyzowaç -zuj´ -zujesz impf acclimatize. ~ si´ become acclimatized akompaniament mi (musical) accompaniment akompaniator accompanist akompaniowaç -iuj´ -iujesz (musically) accompany akord mi chord. na ~ by the job akordeon mi accordion akordeonista mp accordionist akowiec -wca mp Npl -y member of AK (Armia Krajowa) in World War II akr mi acre akredytacja f accreditation akredytowaç -tuj´ -tujesz impf accredit akrobacja f acrobatics akrobata mp acrobat akrobatka -tek fem of akrobat akrobatyka f acrobatics aksamit mi satin aksamitny aj of aksamit aksjomat mi axiom aksjomatyczny aj axiomatic akt act NApl -a deed, certificate. nude (portrait). pl records, archives, file. w ~tach on file aktor mp actor aktorka -rek f actress. aktorski aj of aktor, aktorski aktorstwo n actor's craft, acting aktówka -wek f (flat) briefcase aktualizowaç -zuj´(cid:2)-zujesz impf, pf zaktualizowaç actualize, make current aktualnoÊç f current scene. pl topics of the day aktualny aj actual, real, present, current, timely, topical. av aktualnie at present aktyw mi NApl -a active membership aktywa pl form G -ów assets aktywizacja f activation, stimulation to activity aktywizowaç -zuj´ -zujesz impf, pf zaaktywizowaç make active, stir to action. ~ si´ become activated aktywnoÊç f activity, being active aktywny aj active, alive akumulacja f accumulation akumulator mi -a storage battery. akumulowaç -luj´ -lujesz imnpf trans accumulate. intrans ~ si´ be accumulated, pile up akupunktura f acupuncture akurat av just, precisely, exactly, at the moment akuratny aj accurate, precise akustyka f acoustics akustyczny acoustic(al) akuszerka -rek f midwife akwarela f water color akwarelowy aja of akwarela akwarium n NApl -a Gpl -iów aquarium akwizycja f acquisition alabaster -tru mi alabaster alabastrowy aj of alabaster alarm mi alarm alarmowy aj of alarm alarmowaç -muj´ impf, pf zaalarmowaç raise alarm 8 albinizm mi albinism albinos mp or ma albino albo conj either. albo... albo... either... or... albowiem conj because, since, as, for album mi album alchemia f alchemy alchemik mp alchemist ale conj but. (with endings of byç: alem ale aleÊ aleÊmy aleÊcie). ~ jednak nevertheless, still. emph ale˝! qv alegoria f allegory alegoryczny aj allegorical aleja f avenue. pl boulevard alejka -jek f alley, alleyway, path al(l)eluja n indecl allelujah. weso∏ego ~! Happy Easter! alergia f allergy alergiczny aj allergic ale˝ emph part but! really! ~ oczywiÊcie! but of course! alfa phr. ~ i omega the beginning and the end, fount of authority alfabet mi alphabet alfabetyczny aj alphabetical alfons mp pej vulg pimp alga f algae algebra f algebra algebraiczny aj algebraic Algeria f Algeria algerski aj Algerian alians mi alliance aliancki aj allied aliant mp ally. alibi n indecl alibi alienacja f alienation alimentacja f alimentation alimentacyjny aj of alimentacja alimenty pl form G -ów alimony aliÊci conj arch but alkohol mi alcohol, liquor alkoholowy aj of alkohol alkoholik alcoholic, heavy drinker alkoholiczka -czek fem of alkoholik alkoholizm mi alcoholism alkowa -ków f alcove almanach mi (literary) collection alpaka f alpaca alpinista mp mountain climber alpinistka -tek fem of alpinista alpinistyka f mountain climbing Alpy pl form G Alp the Alps alpejski alpine alternatywa f alternative alternatywny aj alternative alt mi alto (voice), mp Npl. -owie alto altowy aj of alt altana f summer house, gazebo altówka -wek f viola altruista mp altruist altruizm mi altruism aluminium n aluminum aluminiowy aj of aluminium alumn mi Npl -owie or -i pupil in a Catholic seminary 9 aluzja f allusion. robiç ~je do+G allude to aluzyjny aj allusory amant mi lover, adorer, admirer amarant mi amaranth (flower or color) amarantowy aj of amarant amator mp devotee, amateur amatorka -rek fem of amator amatorski aj amateur amatorstwo n amateurism amazonka -nek f Amazon (woman). as proper noun Amazon River ambaras mi arch embarrasment ambasada f embassy ambasador mp Npl -owie ambassador ambicja f ambition, self respect ambitny aj ambitious, aspiring ambiwalentny aj ambivalent ambona f pulpit ambulans mi ambulance ambulansowy aj of ambulans ameba f amoeba amen.. na ~ for good, thoroughly Ameryka f America Amerykan(in) mp Gpl. -ów American Amerykanka -nek fem of Amerykanin amerykaƒski aj American ametyst mi amethyst ametystowy aj of ametyst amfetamina f amphetamine amfilada f suite of rooms amfiteatr mi amphitheater aminokwas mi amino acid amnestia f amnesty amnezja f amnesia amoniak mi amonia amor ma Cupid, Amor. pl romance amorek -rka mi dim of amo. (decorative) cupid amoralny aj amoral amortyzacja f amortization amortyzator -a shock-absorber amortyzowaç -zuj´ -zujesz impf amortize. ~ si´ be amortized amper mi -a amp(ere) amplituda f amplitude ampu∏ka -∏ek f cruet, ampule amputacja f amputation amputowaç -tuj´ -tujesz impf, pf zaamputowaç amputate amulet mi amulet amunicja f ammunition anachroniczny aj anachronistic anachronizm mi anachronism analfabeta mp illiterate person analfabetka -tek fem of analfabeta analfabetyzm mi illiteracy analityczny aj analytic analiza f analysis, breakdown analizowaç -zuj´-zujesz impf, pf przeanalizowaç analyze, scrutinize, explore possibilities analogia f analogy analogiczny aj analogous ananas mi -a pineapple 10