Dedication: 3/15/05 I dedicate this collection to my friends Orville and Evelyn Brynelson and my parents George and Marion Greenwald. I especially thank James Steckel, Barbara Zbikowski, Gustavo Betancourt, and Joshua Ellis, colleagues and computer experts extraordinaire, for their invaluable assistance. Kathy Hart, MUHS librarian, was most helpful in suggesting sources. I further thank Gaylan DuBose, Ed Long, Hugh Himwich, Susan Schearer, Gardy Warren, and Kaye Warren for their encouragement and advice. My former students and now Classics professors Daniel Curley and Anthony Hollingsworth also deserve mention for their advice, assistance, and friendship. My student Michael Kocorowski encouraged and provoked me into beginning this dictionary. Certamen players Michael Fleisch, James Ruel, Jeff Tudor, and Ryan Thom were inspirations. Sue Smith provided advice. James Radtke, James Beaudoin, Richard Hallberg, Sylvester Kreilein, and James Wilkinson assisted with words from modern foreign languages. Without the advice of these and many others this dictionary could not have been compiled. Lastly I thank all my colleagues and students at Marquette University High School who have made my teaching career a joy. Basic sources: American College Dictionary (ACD) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (ODEE) Oxford English Dictionary (OCD) Webster’s International Dictionary (eds. 2, 3) (W2, W3) Liddell and Scott (LS) Lewis and Short (LS) Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD) Schaffer: Greek Derivative Dictionary, Latin Derivative Dictionary In addition many other sources were consulted; numerous etymology texts and readers were helpful. Zeno’s Word Frequency guide assisted in determining the relative importance of words. However, all judgments (and errors) are finally mine. Many internet sites added variety. Vobis multas gratias. James Greenwald Copyright: 2002, 2005 A ab: from a-, ab-, abs-, advance, advanced, advancement, advantage, advantageous, advantageously, avant-garde, disadvantage, disadvantageous, disadvantageously, readvance, van, vanguard, vantage Examples: avert, abduct, abstain (and numerous others). Distinguish Greek prefix a- (the alpha privative meaning not or without); e.g, amoral, atypical. N.B. This prefix is NOT listed separately in the Reverse Index. abbatia: abbey abbacy, abbatial, abbe, abbess, abbey, abbot abdomen: belly abdomen, abdominal, abdominally, abs, dorsabdominal, postabdomen, subabdominal abies: fir abietic aboleo, abolitum: destroy abolish, abolisher, abolition, abolitionary, abolitionism, abolitionist, abolitionistic accipiter: hawk accipiter, accipitrine acer: sharp; aceo: be sour; acerbus: bitter; acies: battle-line; acuo: sharpen; acutus: sharp acerb, acerbate, acerbic, acerbity, acescent, acetabulum, acetate, acetic, acetone, acetosalicylic, acetous, acetyl, acetylene, acicula, acicular, acid, acidic, acidification, acidify, acidity, acidly, acidosis, acidulate, acidulous, aciduously, aciform, acrid, acridine, acridity, acrimonious, acrimoniously, acrimony, acrylic, acuate, acuity, aculeate, acumen, acuminate, acumination, acuminiferous, acupressure, acupuncture, acute, acutely, acuteness, acutifoliate, aglet, ague, aguish, aiguille, aiguillette, alegar, amyl acetate, antacid, cute, cutely, cuteness, cutesy, cutesy-poo, cutie, deacidification, deacidify, diacetate, diacid, DNA, eager, eagerly, eagerness, eglantine, exacerbate, exacerbation, hyperacidity, hypoacidity, niacin, oxyacetylene, oxyacid, penacute, peracetate, peracid, peracute, subacid, subacute, triacetate, triacid, vinaigrette, vinegar, vinegarroon, vinegary acervus: heaped up acervation, coacervate, coacervation acinus: cluster aciniform -acius: tending to perspicacious etc. (= Eng. -acious) -acitas: quality of being inclined to prespicacity etc. (= Eng. -acity) -acia: quality of having obstinacy etc. (= Eng. -acy) ad: to ad-, adapt, accept, addition, adept, affect, aggressive, adhere, adit, adjacent, allege, admit, ammunition, announce, adopt, apply, acquire, arrive, assume, attend, adumbrate, advent etc. Note assimilation: ad + munio becomes ammuntion. Despite their appearance advance and advantage are not compounds of ad, but rather are a combination of ab and ante (q.v.). N.B. This prefix is NOT listed separately in the Reverse Index. N.B. dos-a-dos from French. adeps: fat adipose, adiposity adulescens (youth): see alo adulor (1): fawn upon adulate, adulation, adulatory aedes (aedis): temple, building; aedificium: building aedile, aedileship, edification, edificatory, edifice, edify, edifying, edifyingly, unedifying aeger: sick aeger, aegrotat Aegyptus: Egypt: see Αιγυπτος Aemilia: Aemilia Emil, Emily aemulus: rival emulate, emulation, emulative, emulator, emulous, emulously See also imitor, which may be related. aequus: level, fair, just; aequo: equal; aequor: sea; iniquus: unjust adequacy, adequate, adequately, adequation, autumnal equinox, coequal, coequality, coequally, disequilibrium, Ecuador, Equadorian, egalitarian, egalitarianism, egality, equability, equable, equably, equal, equalitarian, equality, equalization, equalize, equalizer, equally, equanimity, equanimous, equant, equatable, equate, equation, equational, equator, equatorial, equiangular, equidistant, equifinal, equilateral, equilibrated, equilibrator, equilibrist, equilibrium, equilize, equinoctial, equinomial, equinominal, equinox, equinumerous, equipartition, equipedal, equipede, equipluve, equipoise, equiponderate, equipotent, equipotential, equiprobable, equirotal, equisonant, equitable, equitably, equity, equivalence, equivalency, equivalent, equivalently, equivalve, equivocal, equivocally, equivocate, equivocation, equivocator, equivacatory, equivoluminal, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately, inequality, inequitable, inequitably, inequity, iniquitous, iniquitously, iniquity, nanoequivalent, triequal, unequal, unequaled, unequally, unequivocal, unequivocally, vernal equinox aer: air, atmosphere (αηρ) aerate, aeration, aerator, aerial, aeriferous, aerification, aeriform, aerify, air, airbag, airballon, air base, air bath, airboat, airborne, airbrake, airbrush, airbus, air-condition, aircraft, airfield, airfoil, airforce, airframe, airfreight, airhead, air- hole, airified, airify, airily, airiness, airlift, airline, airmail, airman, airplane, air pocket, airport, airproof, air pump, airseal, airship, airsick, airtight, airway, airworthy, airy, antiaircraft, aria, AWACS, Buenos Aires, deearate, deaeration, malaria, malarial, malariologist, malariology, malarious, midair, open-air, radio- aerial OED does place aerial etc. under aer and aero- etc. under αηρ. For air OED mentions both αηρ and aer. aestimo (1): estimate; aes: bronze (LS; OLD doubts); aeneus: brazen; aerarium: treasury aeneolithic, aeneous, aim, aimer, aimless, aimlessly, C.E., Common Era, disesteem, era, esteem, estimable, estimate, estimation, estimator, guesstimate, inestimable, misestmate, overesteem, overestimate, self-esteem, underestimate, underestimated, unestimated Italicized words directly from aes. aestas: summer; aestus: tide estival, estivate, estivation, estuarine, estuary aether: upper air: see αιθηρ aevum: age, generation; aetas: age; aeternus: everlasting ab aeterno, age, aged, ageism, ageless, agelong, agene, coetaneity, coetaneous, coeternal, coeternally, coeternity, coeval, coevality, coevally, Dark Ages, eternal, eternalize, eternally, eternity, eviternity, in aeternum, longevity, medieval, medievalism, medievalist, medievalize, middle-age, nonage, old-age, over-aged, primeval, sempiternal, sempiternally, space age, steam age, stone age, teenage, teenager, underaged, world-age ODEE adds tarnation (see damno). Afer: African; Africa: Africa Africa, African, Afrikaaner, Afrikaans, afro, Afro-, Afrocentric, Afrocentrism ager: field; agrestis: rural (cf. αγρος) acre, acreage, agrarian, agrarianism, agrestic, agribusiness, agricultural, agriculturalist, agriculture, agriculturist, agrogorod, pelerine, peregrinate, peregrination, peregrinator, peregrine, pilgrim, pilgrimage, VoAg, wiseacre See notes on aerie in OED and W3. agger (rampart): see gero agnus: lamb (αμνος) Agnus Dei ago, actus: do, drive (cf. Grk αγω: lead, bring), adigo: throw; agito: drive; agmen: line of march; cogito: think; cogo: compel; exigo: drive out; exiguus: small; redigo: drive back abactor, abreaction, act, actable, acting, action, actionable, activation, activate, activator, active, actively, active-matrix, activism, activist, activity, actor, actress, Acts, actual, actuality, actually, actuarily, actuary, actuate, actuator, agency, agenda, agent, agent provacateur (Fr), agile, agility, agitate, agitatedly, agitation, agitato (It), agitator, Agit-Prop, ambagious, ambiguity, ambiguous, ambiguously, anticoagulant, assay, astrogator, astronavigation, astronavigator, auto-de-fe (Pg), bioactive, bioreactor, cache, cachepot, cachet, castigate, castigation, castigator, chain reaction, CIA, circumnavigate, circumnavigation, circumnavigator, coact, coagulability, coagulant, coagulate, coagulation, coagulative, coagulator, coagulin, coagulometer, coagulum, cogency, cogent, cogently, cogitable, cogitabund, cogitate, cogitation, cogitative, cogitatively, cogitator, cogito ergo sum, counteract, counteractant, counteracter, counteraction, counteractive, counteragency, counteragent, counteragitation, crossexamine, crossexamination, deactivate, deactivation, diddlysquat, disambiguate, disambiguation, double agent, eco-activist, enact, enactable, enaction, enactive, enactment, enactor, enactory, EPA, essay, essayism, essayist, exact, exactable, exacter, exacting, exactingly, exaction, exactitude, exactly, exactness, exactor, exam, examen, examinable, examinant, examination, examine, examiner, excogitate, exigency, exigent, exiguous, expurgate, expurgation, expurgator, expurgatory, fumigate, fumigation, fumigator, fustigate, -gate (for some words), geonavigation, hyper, hyperactive, hyperactively, hyperactivity, immunoassay, inaction, inactivate, inactivator, inactive, inactively, inactivity, incogitable, incogitant, inexact, inexactitude, inexactly, innavigable, interact, interaction, interactionism, interactive, interactively, interactivity, interagency, intransigence, intransigent, intransigently, levigate, levigation, levigator, litigant, litigate, litigation, litigator, litigious, litigiously, litigiousness, medcical examination, mitigate, mitigating, mitigation, mitigative, mitigator, mitigatory, movie actor, movie actress, mucilage (OED), mucilaginous (OED), navigability, navigable, navigate, navigation, navigator, navvy, nonactivity, nonambiguous, nonambiguity, nonnavigable, nonradioactive, nonreactive, nuclear reactor, objurgate, objurgation, objurgative, objurgatory, one-act, overact, overaction, overactive, overactively, overactivity, overreact, overreaction, photoaction, photoactive, photocoagulation, photoreaction, press agency, press agent, proactivator, proactive, procoagulant, prodigal,,prodigality, prodigalize, prodigally, psychoactive, purgation, purgative, purgator, purgatorial, purgatory, purge, purger, quick-acting, radioactivation, radioactive, radioactivity, react, reactance, reactant, reaction, reactionary, reactionism, reaction time, reactivate, reactive, reactor, reagent, redact, redaction, redactor, reenact, reenactment, reenactor, reexamination, reexamine, retroact, retroaction, retroactive, retroactively, self- examination, sex act, social action, squat, squattage, squatter, stress reaction, tea act, Test Act, transact, transaction, transactional, transactor, travel agency, travel agent, ultrareactionary, unacted, unambiguous, unambiguously, unenacted, unexacting, unexamined, unexpurgated, unnavigated, unpurged, unreactive, varactor, variegate, variegation, viraginous, virago, wave action, wire act ODEE adds cache, cachet. W3 accepts cache, hesitates on cachet. OLD says virago from vir + ago; LS says virgo. ODEE and OED derive virago from vir alone. LS, OLD divide purgo into purus + ago. See purgo. Italicized words are from purgo. For double underlined words see aio. aio: say adage, prodigal, prodigality, prodigalize, prodigally, prodigious, prodigiously, prodigiousness, prodigy OLD says prodigalis, prodigium from either ago or aio. ODEE assigns prodigal to ago and prodigious to either ago or aio. OED assigns prodigal to ago and prodigious to aio. W3 assigns prodigious and prodigy to aio, prodigal to ago. ala: wing; ales: winged aileron, aisle, alar, alary, alate, aliferous, aliform, aliped, axil, axillary, elevon alacer: brisk alacrity, allegretto (It), allegro (It) Albis: Elbe Elbe albus: white alb, alba, Alba Longa, Alban, Albania, Albanian, albarium, albedo, albedometer, albescent, albifrons, albinism, albino, Albion, album, albumen, albumin, albuminous, alburnum, aubade, auburn, bedaub, daub, dauber, daubery, daubster, dauby, dealbation, ovalbumin alea: dice: seeηλεος algeo: be cold algae, algid, algometer, algor, macroalgae, microalgae -alis: pertaining to general, genial, manual etc. (= Eng. -al, -eal, -ial) alius: another; alienus: foreign; aliquis: someone; aliter: elsewhere abalienate, abalienation, alias, alibi, alien, alienable, alienage, alienate, alienation, alienator, alienee, alienism, alienist, aliquant, aliquot, et al., et alia, et alii, hidalgo, inalienability, inalienable, inalienably, per aliud alo, al(i)tum: suckle, nourish; altus: high, deep; adulescens: youth; alma: nourishing adolesce, adolescence, adolescent, adult, adulthood, aliment, alimentary, alimentation, alimentative, alimony, Alma, alma mater, altazimuth, altigraph, altimeter, altimetry, altiplanation, altiplano, altitude, alto, altocumulus, altostratus, altricial, alum (alumnus), alumna, alumnus, bio-enhanced, coalesce, coalescence, coalescent, coalition, coalitionism, coalitionist, contralto, enhance, enhancement, enhancive, exalt, exaltation, exalter, exaltingly, haughtily, haughtiness, haughty, haut (Fr), hauteur, hawser, maltitude, nonproliferation, oboe, oboist, overprolific, palimony, preadolescent, preadult, prole, proles, proletarian, proletarianism, proletatianization, proletariat, proletarization, prolicide, proliferate, proliferation, proliferative, proliferous, prolific, prolificacy, proligerous, proly, sine prole, superexalt, superexaltation, Terra Haute, unexalted OED derives altar from alo; see note under oleo. Alpes: Alps Alpestrine, Alpine, Alps, cisalpine, subalpine, transalpine altaria (altar): see oleo. alter: one or the other of two; adulter: illicit lover; alternus: by turns AC, adulter, adulterant, adulterate, adulteration, adulterer, adulteress, adulterine, adulterous, adultery, alter, alter ego, alterability, alterable, alteration, altercation, alternate, alternately, alternating, alternating current, alternation, alternative, alternatively, alternativity, alternator, altrigenderism, altruism, altruist, altruistic, altruistically, inalterable, inalterably, subaltern, subalternation, unadulterated, unalterable, unalterably, unaltered altus (high, deep): see alo. alumen: astringent substance alum (substance), aluminate, aluminiferous, aluminotype, aluminous, aluminum, sial alveus: bathtub alveary, alveolar, alveolate, alveolus, interalveolar, postalveolar amarus: bitter dulcamara, maraschino ambo: both (cf. αμφι) ambagious, ambi-, ambiance, ambidexter, ambidexterity, ambidextrous, ambience, ambient, ambiguity, ambiguous, ambiguously, ambilateral, ambisinister, ambisonic, ambit, ambition, ambitious, ambitiously, ambivalence, ambivalent, ambivalently, ambs-ace, anfractuosity, anfractuous, circumambience, circumambient, disambiguate, disambiguation, nonambiguity, nonambiguous, overambitious, unambiguous, unambiguously, unambitious, unambitiously Note the changed spelling in anfractuous. ambulo (1): walk alley, alleyway, amble, ambulance, ambulant, ambulate, ambulation, ambulator, ambulatory, andante, circumambulate, circumambulation, deambulation, deambulatory, funambulism, funambulist, noctambulism, noctambulist, noctambulistic, noctambulous, perambulate, perambulation, perambulator, permabulatory, pram, preamble, solvitur ambulando, somnambulant, somnambulism, somnambulist amictus: wrap amice amita: (paternal) aunt aunt, aunty, grandaunt, great-aunt amnis: river amnicolidae amo (1): love; amicus: friend(ly); amicitia: friendship; amoenus: pleasant; inimicus: enemy Amanda, amateur, amateurish, amateurishly, amateurism, amative, amatory, amenity, amer (Fr), ami (Fr), amiability, amiable, amiably, amicable, amicably, amicus curiae, amiga (Sp), amigo (Sp), amity, amoretto (It), amorous, amorously, amour, amour-propre (Fr), Amy, archenemy, disamenity, enamor, enamorment, enemy, enmity, inamorata (It), inamorato (It), inimical, inimicality, inimically, Mabel, mon ami (Fr), odi et amo, omnia vincit amor, paramour, polyamor, polyamorous, pro-am, radio amateur, Somos Amigos amplus: large AM, ample, ampliate, amplification, amplified, amplifier, amplify, amplitude, amply, laser, laserprint ampolla: bottle (ultimately Greek) ampoule amuletum: charm amulet anas: duck anatine ancilla: maid ancilla, ancillary ancora: anchor, hook: see αγκυρα angaria: transport wagon hangar ango, anctum: choke; anxius: troubled; anxietas: anxiety; angina: throat infection angina pectoris, angle, angler, anguish, angular, angularity, angulate, angulation, angustifolia, anxiety, anxious, anxiously, cubangle, decangular, equiangular, heptangular, octangular, overanxious, pentangle, pentangular, phase angle, point angle, quadrangle, quadrangular, quinquangular, rectangle, rectangular, right- angle, septangular, slip angle, triangle, triangular, triangularity, triangularly, triangulate, triangulation, triangulator, warning triangle, wide-angle N.B. Anger and angry are not derived from ango. anguis: snake; anguilla: eel anguiform, anguilliform, anguine, anguis in herba animus: spirit; anima: soul, breath; animadverto: notice; animal: animal; exanimo: kill anima, animadversion, animadvert, animal, animalcule, animalculum, animalish, animalism, animalistic, animality, animalize, anima mundi, animate, animated, animation, animator, anime, animism, animist, animistic, animosity, animus, de- animalize, disanimate, disanimation, equanimity, equanimous, exanimation, exanimate, inanimate, inanimately, longanimity, magnanimity, magnanimous, magnanimously, nonunanimous, parvanimity, pusillanimity, pusillanimous, pusillanimously, reanimate, reanimation, unanimism, unanimity, unanimous, unanimously, wheel animal annus: year annal, annalist, annalistic, anniversary, anno Domini (AD), annual, annually, annuitant, annuity, annular, biannual, biannually, bicentennial, biennial, biennially, biennium, centennial, decennary, decennial, decennially, decennium, duodecennial, duodecentennial, interannual, millennial, millenialism, millenialist, millenially, millenian, millennium, octennial, per annum, perennate, perennial, perennially, perennibranch, postmillenial, premillenial, quadrennial, quadrennium, quincentennial, quindecennial, quinqennial, quinquennially, quinqennium, semiannual, semiannually, septennial, septicentennial, sesquicentennial, sexennial, sexennium, superannuate, superannuation, tercentennial, triannular, tricentennial, triennial, triennially, triennium, vicennial N.B. Centenary and millenary do not contain the root annus. N.B. Distinguish decenary, decennary. -ans: see -ant ansa: handle ansa, ansate anser: goose anserine, anserous, merganser -ant-: -ing important etc. (= Eng. -ant) ante: before; antiquus: old advance, advanced, advancement, advantage, advantageous, advantageously, a.m., ancestor, ancestorial, ancestral, ancestrally, ancestress, ancestry, ancien regime (Fr), ancient, anciently, ancientness, ante, ante bellum, antecede, antecedence, antecedent, antecessor, antechamber, antedate, antediluvial, antediluvian, antefebrile, antefix, anteflexion, antelabrum, antelocation, antemeridian, ante meridiem, antemortem, antenatal, antenate, antenuptial, antepartum, antepenult, antepenultimate, anteprandial, ante rem, anterior, anteroom, anteroposterior, anteversion, antic, anticipate, anticipation, anticipative, anticipatively, anticipatory, antics, antiquarian, antiquary, antiquated, antique, antiquity, avant-garde (Fr), disadvantage, disadvantageous, disadvantageously, penny ante, rampart, readvance, van, vanguard, vantage, verd antique (Fr) antenna (antemna): sailyard antenna, antennary, antennule, radioantenna -antia: quality of -ing hesitancy, petulance etc. (= Eng. -ance, -ancy) Antonius: Anthony Anthony, Antonette, Antony, Tony antrum: cave: see αντρον anus: old woman anile, anility anus: anus; anulus: ring anal, anally, anal retentive, annelid, annelida, an(n)ular (ring shaped), annularity, annulate, annulet, anorectal, anus, oro-anal, penannular, per anum, postanal, transannular, triannulate aperio, apertus: open aperient, aperitif, aperitive, aperture, April, malapert, overt, overtly, overtness, overture, pert, pertly, pertness, wide aperture LS and OED derive from pario; OLD does not. See pario, operio. See OED: malapert. apex: peak apex, apical, subapical, transapical LS, ph OLD, W3 derive from aptus; OED from verto. apis: bee apian, apiarian, apiarist, apiary, apicaceous, apicide, apicultural, apiculturalist, apiculture, apiculturist, apiotherapy, apivorous appello (1): see pello aptus: suitable; adipiscor: obtain; aptus: suitedadapt, adaptability, adaptable, adaptation, adapter, adaptive, adaptor, adept, adeptly, adeptness, annuit coeptis, apt, aptitude, aptly, aptness, attitude, attitudinal, coapt, coaptation, copula, copular, copulate, copulation, copulative, copulatively, copulator, copulatory, couple, coupler, couplet, coupleteer, coupling, decouple, discouple, inadaptable, inapt, inaptitude, inept, ineptitude, ineptly, ineptness, lariat, maladaptation, nonadaptive, preadapt, pro-attitude, thermocouple, unapt, uncouple, uncoupling, variocoupler aqua: water Aachen, aqua, aquabib, aquacade, aquaculture, aqua fortis, aqualung, aquamarine, aquanaut, aquaplane, aqua regia, aquarelle, aquarellist, aquarian, aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic, aquatint, aquavit, aqua vita, aqueduct, aqueous, aquiclude, aquiculture, aquifer, aquiform, aquosity, Eau Claire, ewer, ewery, nonaquatic, pseudoaquatic, seaquarium, sewage, sewer, sewerage, subaqua, subaqueous, terraqueous, thermoaqueous aquila: eagle (OLD ph from aqua) Aquila, aquiline, eagle, eagle-eyed, eaglet aranea: spider araneid, araneidan, araneiform, aranology arbiter: judge, overseer; arbitror (1): think arbiter, arbiter bibendi, arbitrable, arbitrage, arbitral, arbitrament, arbitrarily, arbitrariness, arbitrary, arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrational, arbitrator, arbitress arbor: tree arbor, arboreal, arboreally, arborescent, arboret, arboretum, arboricidal, arboricide, arboricolous, arboriculture, arborist, arborway, arbuscle Only Schaeffer associates arbor with herba. arceo: keep away, ward off; arca: chest; exerceo: train; exercitatio: training; exercitus: army arcane, arcanist, arcanum, ark, coerce, coercer, coercible, coercion, coercionary, coercionist, coercive, coercively, coerciveness, coercivity, exercisable, exercise, exercitant, incoercible, overexercise, uncoerced, unexercised arcus: bow arc, arcade, arch, arched, archer, archery, architrave, archway, arciform, arc- lamp, arcosolium, arcuate, counterarch, nonarcing, overarch, oxyarc, triarcuated, up arch, wall arcade ardeo: burn ardency, ardent, ardently, ardor, arson, arsonist arduus: uplifted, high arduous, arduously area: yard aerie, area, areal, areola, areolar, areolate, areolation, tail-area, target area, wing area (h)arena: sand surface of an arena arena, arenaceous, arenation, arenicolous areo: be dry (OLD: ph related to ardeo) arid, aridity, aridly, aridness, semiarid argentum: silver Ag, argent, argentiferous, Argentina, argentine, Argentinean, argentophil, argentophilic argilla: clay argillaceous, argillite arguo: show, prove; argumentum: proof, conclusion arguable, arguably, argue, argument, argumentation, argumentative, argumentatively, argute, counterargument, inarguable, inarguably, outargue, unarguable, unarguably aries: ram Aries -aris: pertaining to nebular etc. (= Eng. -ar) -arium: place for bestiary, herbarium etc. (= Eng. -arium, -ary) arma: (defensive) weapons alarm, alarmable, alarming, alarmingly, alarmism, alarmist, ambry, arm (v), armada, armadillo, armament, armature, armiger, armigerous, armistice, armoire, armor, armor-bearer, armored, armorer, armorial, armory, arms (weapons), army, disarm, disarmer, disarmingly, disarmament, fire alarm, firearm, forearm (v), gendarme, light-armed, man-at-arms, outarm, queen’s arm, rearm, rearmament, Salvation Army, side-arms, small-arms, smoke alarm, unalarmed, unarm, unarmed, vi et armis, White Army, yardarm aro (1): plow arable, arability, aration, coaration, exaration, inarable ars: skill; inertia: sloth art, artefact, artful, artfully, artifact, artifice, artificer, artificial, artificiality, artificially, artillerist, artillery, artisan, artist, artiste, artistic, artistically, artistry, artless, artlessly, arty, eco-art, fine arts, graphic arts, inartificial, inartistic, inert, inertia, inertial, inertly, non-art, string art, video art, video artist, war artist artus: joint article, articulacy, articular, articulate, articulation, biarticular, coarticulate, coarticulation, de-articulation, disarticulate, disarticulation, exarticulate, exarticulation, inarticular, inarticulate, inarticulately, interarticular, monarticular, nonarticulated, oligarticular, overarticulate, unarticulated (h)arundo: reed arundinaceous arvum: field arval, arviculture as: copper coin ace, ambs-ace, decussate, decussation asinus: donkey asinine, ass (animal), asslike, jackass, jackrabbit, pons asinorum asper: harsh asper (grammar), asperate, asperity, asperous, exasperate, exasperation aspis: asp: see ασπις astrum: star: see αστηρ astus: cunning astucious, astuciously, astucity, astute, astutely, astuteness ater: black; atrox: fierce; atrium: living room atrabilious, atrament, atriopore, atrium, atrocious, atrociously, atrocity -atia: quality of having obstinacy etc. (= Eng. -acy) -atus: office of magistrate etc. (= Eng. -ate) au-: away from (variation of ab- as in aufero) N.B. No English derivative contains the au- prefix. audeo: dare audace (It), audacious, audaciously, audacity audio (4): hear; auris: ear audible, audibility, audibly, audience, audile, audio, audiogram, audiometer, audiophile, audiotape, audiovisual, audit, audition, auditor, auditorium, auditory, aural, auricle, auricular, auriculate, auriscope, auscultate, auscultation, auscultatory, biauricular, binaural, boy scout, clairaudience, clairaudient, dextraural, disobedience, disobedient, disobediently, disobey, disobeyer, girl scout, inaudibility, inaudible, inaudibly, monaural, monaurally, nonauditory, obedience, obedient, obediential, obedientary, obediently, obeisance, obeisant, obey, obeyer, orillion, ormer, oyer, oyez, postauditory, postauricular, preaudit, scout, scouting, scoutmaster, sino-auricular, target audience, unobedient, unobeyed, visuo-auditory augeo, auctum: increase; auctor: author; auctoritas: authority; auxilium: help auction, auctioneer, augend, augment, augmentation, augmentative, Augsburg, august, August, Augusta, Augustan, Augustine, Augustinian, Augustus, author, authoress, authoritarian, authoritarianism, authoritative, authoritatively, authority, authorization, authorize, authorship, auxilian, auxiliar, auxiliary, auxin, auxospore, auxotroph, bioaugmentation, co-author, inauthoritative, ogive, TVA, unaugmented, unauthorized, water authority, world-auxiliary, Zaragosta augur (prophet), augurium (prophecy): see avis, gero (But W3 assigns to augeo!) aura: breeze (αυρα): see αηρ. auriga: charioteer (OLD derives from os, oris) Auriga auris (ear): see audio. aurora: dawn aurora, aurora australis, aurora borealis, auroral OLD associates aurora with aurum. aurum: gold Au, aurea, aurea mediocritas, aureate, aureity, aureola, aureole, aureomycin, auriferous, aurification, aurify, aurous, aurulent, dorado, El Dorado, New Orleans, oreide, oriflamme, oriole, Orleans, ormolu, oroide, orpiment ausculto (listen to): see auris/clueo. auster: south wind Anzac, aurora australis, Auster, austral, Australia, Australian, Australoid, Australopithecus N.B. Austria is not derived from auster; it is Germanic. autumnus: harvest, autumn autumn, autumnal, autumnal equinox, autumny auxilium: see augeo avena: oats avenaceous, aveniform aveo: be eager; avidus: eager; avaritia: greed avarice, avaricious, avariciously, Ave, Ave Maria, avid, avidity, avidly avis: bird augur, augury, auspicate, auspices, auspicious, auspiciously, avian, aviarist, aviary, aviate, aviation, aviator, aviatrix, avicide, avicolous, aviculture, aviculturist,