Latin Alive and Well LATIN Alive and Well An Introductory Text P. L. Chambers University of Oklahoma Press : Norman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chambers, P. L. (Peggy L.) Latin alive and well : an introductory text / P. L. Chambers. p. cm. ISBN 13: 978-0-8061-3816-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Latin language—Grammar—Problems, exercises, etc. I. Title. PA2087.5.C43 2006 478.2'421—dc22 2006050948 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. ∞ Copyright ©2007 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Also by P. L. Chambers Latin Alive and Well:An Introductory Text (Norman, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004) Latin Alive and Well Teacher Key (Norman, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004) The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius: An Intermediate Reader/Grammar Review (Norman, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000) The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius Teacher Key(Norman, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000) Pliny the Younger’s Character as Revealed Through His Letters: An Intermediate Reader/Grammar Review(Norman, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000) Pliny the Younger’s Character as Revealed Through His Letters Teacher Key (Norman, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000) The Natural Histories of Pliny the Elder (Norman, 2000) The Natural Histories of Pliny the Elder Teacher Key (Norman, 2000) Contents List of Authors and Subjects of Passage Readings ix ANote to the Student xi ANote to the Teacher xiii Introduction 3 I. Inflection of Verbs; Four Principal Parts of Verbs; Indicative Mood; 1st Conjugation Verbs; Imperative Mood 9 II. Cases; 1st Declension Nouns; 2nd Conjugation Verbs; Word Order 15 III. 2nd Declension Nouns; 1st–2nd Declension Adjectives; Noun and Adjective Agreement; Present Indicative of sum,esse,fui,futurus 22 IV. 3rd, 3rd-io,and 4th Conjugation Verbs; Formation of the Present Indicative 28 V. Imperatives, All Conjugations; Imperfect and Future Indicative Tenses of sum,esse,fui,futurus 33 VI. Demonstrative Pronouns hic,haec,hoc;Demonstrative Pronouns ille, illa,illud;Personal Pronoun is,ea,id;Irregular 1st–2nd Declension Adjectives 38 VII. Irregular Verb possum,posse,potui; Complementary Infinitives; -ne to Indicate a Question; Intensive Pronoun ipse,ipsa,ipsum 47 VIII. 3rd Declension Nouns; Six Specific Ablative Uses; Accusative of Duration of Time 55 IX. Imperfect Indicative Formation, All Conjugations; 3rd Declension i-stem Nouns; Irregular Noun vis,vis 65 X. 3rd Declension Adjectives; Possessive Adjectives; Reflexive Possessive Adjective suus,-a,-um 72 XI. Present System; Future Indicative Formation, All Conjugations 81 XII. Relative Clauses; Relative Pronouns; Interrogative Adjectives 87 XIII. Perfect Active System, All Verbs: Perfect Indicative, Pluperfect Indicative, Future Perfect Indicative 99 XIV. Personal Pronouns; Reflexive Pronouns 105 XV. Active Voice; Passive Voice; Ablative of Agent; Present Passive System Formation; Passive Infinitives 113 XVI. 4th Principal Part of Verbs; Perfect Passive System, All Conjugations; Synopsis of Verbs 121 XVII. Interrogative Pronouns quis,quid;Ablative of Separation 129 XVIII. 4th Declension Nouns; Irregular Pronoun nemo 134 XIX. 5th Declension Nouns; Irregular Pronoun idem,eadem,idem 140 XX. Participles: Participle Formation, Declension of Participles, Translation of a Participle 146 XXI. Ablative Absolutes 165 XXII. Passive Periphrastic; Dative of Agent 173 vii Contents XXIII. Infinitives of Indirect Statement 178 XXIV. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives; quamas a Conjunction 186 XXV. Irregular Comparative and Superlative Adjectives 192 XXVI. Present Subjunctive Formation; Jussive Subjunctive; Optative Subjunctive 200 XXVII. Subjunctive Sequence of Tenses; Imperfect Subjunctive Formation; Subjunctive Purpose Clauses 206 XXVIII. Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive Formation; Subjunctive Result Clauses; Result Clauses by Context 215 XXIX. Cum Clauses; Positive, Comparative, and Superlative Adverbs; Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs 223 XXX. Subjunctive Indirect Questions; Irregular Verb eo,ire,ii,itum 231 XXXI. Irregular Verb fero,ferre,tuli,latum; Subjunctive Jussive Noun Clauses 239 XXXII. Conditional Statements; Irregular Verbs volo,malo,nolo 246 XXXIII. Subjunctive Relative Clauses of Characteristic; Deponent Verbs 259 XXXIV. Gerunds; Gerundives; Two New Ways of Expressing Purpose 268 XXXV. Cardinal Numerals; Ordinal Numerals; Partitive Genitives; Special Ablative Constructions 276 XXXVI. Locative Case, Special Constructions for: Place Where, Place to Which, Place from Which; Irregular Verb fio,fieri,factus sum 286 Compiled Charts 297 Glossary: Latin to English 323 Glossary: English to Latin 331 Key to Review Work Sheets 337 viii Authors and Subjects of Passage Readings V. Virgil Introduces Aeneas 37 VI. Virgil: Dido and Aeneas 44 VII. Livy: Aeneas and King Latinus 52 VIII. Livy: Reasons for Writing the Ab Urbe Condita 61 IX. Livy: Aeneas, Lavinia, and Ascanius 71 X. Livy: Romulus and Remus 78 XI. The Roman Pantheon 85 Agent 007 86 XII. Catullus: What You See Is What You Get 94 XIII. Livy: Founding of Rome 104 XIV. Cicero: Benefits of the Study of Literature 110 XV. Caesar: Druids 119 XVI. Lucretius: Nature of Things 126 Cicero: Sophocles the Playwright 126 Caesar: Description of Ancient Gaul 126 XVII. Livy: Rape of the Sabine Women 133 XVIII. Livy: Kings of Rome 138 XIX. Pliny the Younger: Eruption of Vesuvius 144 XX. Cicero: Necessity of Justice 152 XXI. Caesar: Characteristics of the Britons 169 XXII. Phaedrus: Vices in Ourselves and Others 177 XXIII. Livy: Tarpeia and the Death of Romulus 184 XXIV. Martial: Procrastination 190 XXV. Catullus: Sailboat That Brought Him Home 197 XXVI. Catullus and Lesbia 205 XXVII. Caesar: Invasion of Britain 211 Star Wars 212 XXVIII. Caesar: Tides in Britain 221 XXIX. Cicero: Roman Humor 228 Cicero: Dionysius the Tyrant of Syracuse 228 XXX. Seneca: Morals 236 Seneca: Slavery 236 XXXI. Cicero: Damocles and the Sword 245 XXXII. The Satire of Martial 252 The Philosophy of Horace 253 XXXIII. Cicero: Nature and Value of Friendship 265 XXXIV. Cicero: Rights of War 273 Ecclesiastes: Time 274 XXXV. Nepos: Hannibal 282 Livy: Scipio and Hannibal 284 ix