00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page i LAN Switching and Wireless CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide Instructor’s Edition Allan Johnson Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page ii ii LAN Switching and Wireless, CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide Publisher LAN Switching and Wireless Paul Boger CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide Associate Publisher Dave Dusthimer Instructor’s Edition Cisco Representative Allan Johnson Anthony Wolfenden Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Press Program Manager Jeff Brady Published by: Cisco Press Executive Editor 800 East 96th Street Mary Beth Ray Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA Production Manager Patrick Kanouse All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record- Development Editor ing, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission Andrew Cupp from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Senior Project Editor Tonya Simpson Printed in the United States of America Copy Editor First Printing April 2008 Bill McManus ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-582-9 Technical Editors Bruce R. Gottwig ISBN-10: 1-58705-582-1 Khalid Rubayi Tara Skibar Linda C. Watson Editorial Assistant Vanessa Evans Book and Cover Designer Louisa Adair Composition Mark Shirar Proofreader Leslie Joseph 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page iii iii Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about LAN switching and wireless as part of the Cisco Networking Academy CCNA Exploration curriculum. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc. Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriate- ly capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Corporate and Government Sales The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page iv iv LAN Switching and Wireless, CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide About the Author Allan Johnson entered the academic world in 1999 after 10 years as a business owner/operator to dedicate his efforts to his passion for teaching. He holds both an MBA and an M.Ed. in occupational training and development. He is an information technology instructor at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, Texas. In 2003, Allan began to commit much of his time and energy to the CCNA Instructional Support Team providing services to Networking Academy instructors worldwide and cre- ating training materials. He now works full time for the Academy in Learning Systems Development. About the Technical Reviewers Bruce R. Gottwig has spent most of his professional career teaching both at the K–12 and post- secondary levels. He earned an M.Ed. in Educational Technology and is currently working toward an Ed.D. in Educational Leadership. He is currently the curriculum lead and instructor for the Computer Information Technology Network support degree and certification program at Montana State University–Great Falls. Since 1998 he has also been an instructor and program director for the Montana State University–Great Falls Local, Regional Cisco Networking Academy and Cisco Academy Training Center for Sponsored Curriculum. He also teaches for Lesley University in its M.Ed. program in Educational Technology. Throughout his years in educational technology, Bruce has earned his CCNA, CCNP, CompTIA A+, Network+, Server+, and World Organization of Webmasters CPW certifications and continues to learn and pass his learning to others. Khalid Rubayi teaches courses for the Electronics and Computer Technology Department at Victor Valley Community College in Victorville, California. He teaches all networking courses offered by the Cisco Networking Academy, including CCNA, CCNP, Security, and Wireless. He has a BS and MS in Electrical Engineering from Northrop University. He holds CCNA, CCNP, and CCAI certifications. Tara Skibar, CCNP, was first introduced to networking in 1994 when she enlisted in the Air Force. After serving for four years as a network technician, she became an instructor. Tara has worked with major telecom companies in the United States and Europe. She has worked for the Cisco Networking Academy since 2003 as a subject matter expert for the CCNP assessment development team and for the CCNP certification exams. Most recently, Tara was the assessment lead for the newly modified CCNA curriculum and traveled with a group of development folks to Manila, Philippines, for the small market trial. Tara has a BS in Information Technology and is working toward a master’s in Information Systems. Linda C. Watson has been involved with the Cisco Networking Academy for ten years. She began as a student in version 1.1, and in the last eight years has been an instructor and director of the Academy program at Chandler-Gilbert Community College in Chandler, Arizona. After completing her own career change, she especially enjoys helping students transition from novices in the networking field to certified IT professionals. Linda has an MBA from Arizona State University and holds CCNA, CCAI, A+, and MCSE certifications. 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page v v Dedication For my wife, Becky. Without the sacrifices you made during the project, this work would not have come to fruition. Thank you for providing me the comfort and resting place only you can give. Acknowledgments The reader will certainly benefit from the many hours devoted to this effort by the technical editors. A team of no less than four people served admirably as my second pair of eyes, finding and correcting technical inaccuracies and grammatical errors. Thank you Bruce Gottwig, Khalid Rubayi, Tara Skibar, and Linda Watson for doing an outstanding job. Mary Beth Ray, executive editor, you amaze me with your ability to juggle multiple projects at once, steering each from beginning to end. I can always count on you to make the tough decisions. This is my second project with Andrew Cupp as development editor. His dedication to perfection pays dividends in countless, unseen ways. Thank you again, Drew, for providing me with much-needed guidance and support. This book could not be a reality without your persistence. Last, I cannot forget to thank all my students—past and present—who have helped me over the years to create engaging and exciting activities and labs. There is no better way to test the effectiveness of an activity or lab than to give it to a team of dedicated students. They excel at finding the obscurest of errors! I could have never done this without all your support. 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page vi vi LAN Switching and Wireless, CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide Contents at a Glance Introduction xvii Chapter 1 LAN Design 1 Chapter 2 Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration 35 Chapter 3 VLANs 107 Chapter 4 VTP 167 Chapter 5 STP 233 Chapter 6 Inter-VLAN Routing 293 Chapter 7 Basic Wireless Concepts and Configuration 347 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page vii vii Contents Introduction xvii Chapter 1 LAN Design 1 Switched LAN Architecture 2 Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 2 Vocabulary Exercise: Completion 3 Three-Layer Hierarchical Model Exercise 4 Matching Switches to Specific LAN Functions 6 Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 6 Layer Features of the Hierarchical Model Exercise 7 Command Reference 8 Lab 1-1: Review of Concepts from Exploration 1 (1.3.1) 9 Task 1: Design a Logical LAN Topology 10 Task 2: Configure the Physical Topology 11 Task 3: Configure the Logical Topology 12 Task 4: Verify Network Connectivity 13 Task 5: Verify Passwords 14 Task 6: Reflection 14 Task 7: Clean Up 14 Review of Concepts from Exploration 1 (1.3.1) 15 Appendix 1A: Installing and Configuring Tera Term for Use in Windows XP 15 Appendix 1B: Configuring Tera Term as the Default Telnet Client in Windows XP 17 Appendix 1C: Accessing and Configuring HyperTerminal 19 Curriculum Lab 1-2: Review of Concepts from Exploration 1—Challenge (1.3.2) 21 Task 1: Design a Logical LAN Topology 21 Task 2: Configure the Physical Topology 23 Task 3: Configure the Logical Topology 23 Task 4: Verify Network Connectivity 23 Task 5: Verify Passwords 24 Task 6: Clean Up 24 Packet Tracer Companion: Review of Concepts from Exploration 1—Challenge (1.3.2) 25 Curriculum Lab 1-3: Troubleshooting a Small Network (1.3.3) 26 Task 1: Examine the Logical LAN Topology 27 Task 2: Cable, Erase, and Reload the Routers 28 Task 3: Configure the Host Computers 28 Task 4: Load the Router with the Supplied Scripts 28 Task 5: Identify Connectivity Problems 29 Task 6: Troubleshoot Network Connections 30 Task 7: Clean Up 31 Troubleshooting a Small Network (1.3.3) 32 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page viii viii LAN Switching and Wireless, CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide Packet Tracer Skills Integration Challenge 32 Task 1: Design and Document an Addressing Scheme 33 Task 2: Add and Connect the Devices 33 Task 3: Apply Basic Configurations 34 Task 4: Test Connectivity and Examine the Configuration 34 Chapter 2 Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration 35 Introduction to Ethernet/802.3 LANs 36 Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 36 Basic Ethernet and Switching Concepts Exercise 37 Building the MAC Address Table Exercise 40 Collision and Broadcast Domain Exercises 42 Forwarding Frames Using a Switch 44 Vocabulary Exercise: Completion 44 Switch Management Configuration 45 Basic Switch Configuration Exercise 45 Packet Tracer Exercise 2-1: Basic Switch Configuration 50 Basic Switch Management Exercise 52 Packet Tracer Exercise 2-2: Basic Switch Management 54 Configuring Switch Security 55 Configuring SSH Exercise 55 Common Security Attacks Exercise 56 Configuring Port Security Exercise 57 Packet Tracer Exercise 2-3: Configuring Port Security 59 Command Reference 62 Lab 2-1: Basic Switch Configuration (2.5.1) 65 Task 1: Cable, Erase, and Reload the Switch 66 Task 2: Verify the Default Switch Configuration 66 Task 3: Create a Basic Switch Configuration 69 Task 4: Manage the MAC Address Table 74 Task 5: Configure Port Security 76 Task 6: Clean Up 79 Packet Tracer Companion: Basic Switch Configuration (2.5.1) 80 Appendix 1: Erasing and Reloading the Switch 80 Lab 2-2: Managing Switch Operating System and Configuration Files (2.5.2) 82 Task 1: Cable and Initialize the Network 83 Task 2: Start and Configure the TFTP Server 84 Task 3: Save the Cisco IOS File to a TFTP Server 85 Task 4: Restore the Cisco IOS File to the Switch from a TFTP Server 87 Task 5: Back Up and Restore a Configuration File from a TFTP Server 89 Task 6: Upgrade the Cisco IOS Software of the Switch 92 Task 7: Recover Passwords on the Catalyst 2960 94 Task 8: Clean Up 96 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page ix ix Lab 2-3: Managing Switch Operating System and Configuration Files Challenge (2.5.3) 97 Task 1: Cable and Initialize the Network 98 Task 2: Start and Configure the TFTP Server 98 Task 3: Save the Cisco IOS File to the TFTP Server 99 Task 4: Restore the Cisco IOS File to the Switch from a TFTP Server 99 Task 5: Back Up and Restore a Configuration File from a TFTP Server 99 Task 6: Upgrade the Cisco IOS Software of the Switch 99 Task 7: Recover Passwords on the Catalyst 2960 99 Task 8: Clean Up 99 Packet Tracer Skills Integration Challenge 100 Task 1: Establish a Console Connection to a Switch 101 Task 2: Configure the Hostname and VLAN 99 101 Task 3: Configure the Clock Using Help 102 Task 4: Modify the History Buffer 102 Task 5: Configure Passwords and Console/Telnet Access 102 Task 6: Configure the Login Banner 102 Task 7: Configure the Router 103 Task 8: Configure the Boot Sequence 103 Task 9: Solve a Mismatch Between Duplex and Speed 103 Task 10: Manage the MAC Address Table 104 Task 11: Configure Port Security 104 Task 12: Secure Unused Ports 106 Task 13: Manage the Switch Configuration File 106 Chapter 3 VLANs 107 Introducing VLANs 108 VLAN Concepts Exercise 108 VLAN Trunking 113 Understanding VLAN Trunking Exercise 113 Configure VLANs and Trunks 115 VLAN Configuration Exercise 115 Packet Tracer Exercise 3-1: VLAN Configuration 120 Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks 121 Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks Exercise 121 Command Reference 122 Lab 3-1: Basic VLAN Configuration (3.5.1) 123 Task 1: Prepare the Network 124 Task 2: Perform Basic Switch Configurations 125 Task 3: Configure and Activate Ethernet Interfaces 125 Task 4: Configure VLANs on the Switch 125 Task 5: Document the Switch Configurations 130 Task 6: Clean Up 130 Packet Tracer Companion: Basic VLAN Configuration (3.5.1) 137 00_5821_fm.qxp 4/3/08 5:20 PM Page x x LAN Switching and Wireless, CCNA Exploration Labs and Study Guide Lab 3-2: Challenge VLAN Configuration (3.5.2) 138 Task 1: Prepare the Network 139 Task 2: Perform Basic Switch Configurations 139 Task 3: Configure and Activate Ethernet Interfaces 140 Task 4: Configure VLANs on the Switch 140 Task 5: Document the Switch Configurations 143 Task 6: Clean Up 143 Packet Tracer Companion: Challenge VLAN Configuration (3.5.2) 150 Lab 3-3: Troubleshooting VLAN Configurations (3.5.3) 150 Task 1: Prepare the Network 152 Task 2: Troubleshoot and Correct the VLAN Configuration 155 Task 3: Document the Switch Configurations 160 Task 4: Clean Up 160 Packet Tracer Companion: Troubleshooting VLAN Configurations (3.5.3) 161 Packet Tracer Skills Integration Challenge 161 Task 1: Add and Connect the Switches 162 Task 2: Add and Connect the PCs 162 Task 3: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity 163 Task 4: Configure and Verify Port Security 164 Task 5: Configure VLANs on the Switches 165 Task 6: Configure Trunks on the Switches 166 Chapter 4 VTP 167 VTP Concepts 168 Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 168 Vocabulary Exercise: Completion 169 VTP Concepts and Modes Exercise 169 VTP Operation 170 VTP Operations Exercise 170 Internet Research: VTP 173 VTP Scenario 174 Configure VTP 176 VTP Configuration Exercise 176 Packet Tracer Exercise 4-1: VTP Configuration 178 Command Reference 180 Lab 4-1: Basic VTP Configuration (4.4.1) 181 Task 1: Prepare the Network 182 Task 2: Perform Basic Switch Configurations 183 Task 3: Configure and Activate Ethernet Interfaces 184 Task 4: Configure VTP on the Switches 184 Task 5: Configure VTP Pruning on the Switches 190 Task 6: Document the Switch Configurations 191