I NTE R NATI O NAL E D ITI O N Laboratory Amplifiers, Equipment Electrometers —page 2 for the Life Stimulators, Isolators Sciences —page 23 Physiology —page 34 Biosensing, Nitric Oxide —page 54 Cell & Tissue Research —page 76 Data Acquisition —page 102 Microdissection, Microsurgery —page 108 Laboratory Supplies —page 177 Glass, Holders, Electrodes, —page 191 Micro- manipulators —page 204 Microscopes, Cameras —page 220 Microforges, Pullers —page 234 Pumps, Microinjection —page 242 Index —page 263 World Precision Instruments Ordering Information Mail: World Precision Instruments 175 Sarasota Center Boulevard Sarasota, FL 34240-9258 Phone: 866-606-1974 (U.S. toll-free) 941-371-1003 Fax: 941-377-5428 Email: [email protected] International Orders Please see page 272 for list of international offices and distributors. Payment Options Purchase Orders: Pre-approved accounts, credit references required Credit Cards: Visa, Mastercard, American Express Prepay Checks or Money Orders: Payable to World Precision Instruments, mail to address above Shipping Options All orders are shipped UPS ground unless otherwise requested. Shipping and handling charges are prepaid and added to the invoice. Freight is FOB Sarasota, FL. Keep in touch ... — visit WPI on-line! In Europe, point your Web browser to www.wpi-europe.com In the rest of the world, go to www.wpiinc.com Amplifiers, Electrometers . . . . . . . . . . 2 Intracellular l Extracellular l Transducer Metal Microelectrodes l Voltage/Current Clamps . Stimulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Digital Stimulators l Multi-Channel l Linear Stimulus Isolator l High Current Isolator Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Blood Pressure Measurement l Stereotaxic Instruments Animal Temperature Controller l Microprobe Thermometers Biosensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Nitric Oxide Detection l Ion Selective Electrodes l Oxygen Detection l pH meters Cell & Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Epithelial Voltohmmeter l TEER Measurement l Ussing System Perfusion System Glass Bottom Culture Dishes Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Data Acquisition Hardware & Software . Microdissecting, Microsurgery . . . 108 Scissors l Tweezers l Ear Punches l Vessel Clips l Mouse Surgery Kit l Electrosurgical Unit l Cautery Instruments Laboratory Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Adhesives l Cables & Connectors l Metal Wire l Luers & Fittings l Laboratory Bases, Rods, and Clamps Glass, Holders, Electrodes . . . . . . . .191 Capillary Glass l Electrode Holders l Metal Microelectrodes l MicroFil Non-metallic Syringe Needles Micromanipulators, Stands . . . . . 204 Manual & Motorized Micropositioners l Magnetic Stands l Tilting Base Microscopes, Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Surgical, Stereo, and Inverted Microscopes l Cameras l Illuminators l Heater Controller l Culture Dishes Laboratory Microforges, Pullers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Pullers l Bevelers l Microforges Pumps, Microinjection . . . . . . . . . . 242 Peristaltic, Syringe, and Pneumatic Pumps l Microprocessor Equipment Controlled Injector Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Ordering Information, Terms & Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 20091⁄ 2 Amplifier Selection Guide EMG Multi- Battery Amplifier AC/DC Differential Headstage Stimulation Isolated Connectors Page EKG channel Powered S Intracellular Bioamplifiers R FD223A DC t t 2 mm pin 3 E Electro 705 DC t t 2 mm pin 4 T E Duo773 DC t t t t 2 mm pin 6 M Extracellular Bioamplifiers O Mini Banana or 8-pin ISODAM8A DC t opt t t t 12 DIN R ISO80 AC t t t t t t Mini Banana 10 T DAM50 AC/DC t t t RJ-11 8 C E DAM80 AC t t t t t Mini Banana 9 L Transducer Amplifiers E 8-pin DIN WPI S, BRIDGE8 DC t t transducers 13 8-pin DIN WPI R TBM4MB DC t t 5 transducers E Epithelial Voltage/Current Clamp Bio Amplifier I F EVC4000 DC t t Ussing 2 mm 14 I L DVC1000 DC t t Ussing 2 mm 15 P Specialty Measurement M LPF30 Low-Pass Filter 11 A ABM Audible Baseline Monitor 11 Pressure Manometer 259 121 Window Discriminator 20 900A Intracellular Pressure Measurement 22 Omega-Tip-Z Electrode Volt-Ohmmeter 21 260 Dual Microiontophoresis Current Generator 11 Accessories Cables & Connectors 186 Transducers for Physiological Measurement — LUME, PNEU, DSPL 16 Force Transducers 17 Ag/AgCl Half Cells 21 Metal Microelectrodes 18 Prices shown are in U.S. dollars. Actual charges will vary because of import duty, freight, and currency fluctuations. To obtain an exact quotation, contact your WPI office. 2 UK: Tel: 01438-880025 • [email protected] Germany: Tel: 030-6188845 • [email protected] China: Tel: 21 68885517 • [email protected] Dual Channel Differential Electrometer A M P L I F I E R S , E L E C T R l High input impedance (10 15 Ω) l Differential (A-B) output l Low noise and wide bandwidth O l Electrode resistance test circuitry l Probe test circuitry l Driven guard shield M The FD223a is a dual differential, high impedance amplifier/electrometer the probe input maintains the specified high resistance and reduces the designed specifically for electrochemical measurements using ion specific stray capacitance of the probes . E (K+, Na+, C1-, etc .) or pH glass microelectrodes . Careful design, coupled with quality component selection, particularly T The instrument is very stable, drift free, and features a built in in the headstage, results in an excellent amplifier with low noise and provision for measuring and adjusting input leakage current . DC levels wide bandwidth . The FD223a will faithfully reproduce the measured E may be independently adjusted for each probe channel . signal . R The ability to locate the sensing probes directly at the measurement To reduce the noise and stray capacity even farther the probe housing site overcomes the noise introduced by the long cables usually needed includes a signal driven guard . A portion of this inner driven shell is S to bring the measured potential to the instrument . Signal-driven guards at exposed at the probe tip allowing a spring shield to be extended over the electrode holder and microelectrode . The amplifier features a probe test port that permits testing of the FD223A SPECIFICATIOnS electrode test feature and setting of the probe leakage current, (IG) . A INPUT IMPEDANCE > 1015 Ω, shunted by 0 .5 pF standby mode is included and should be used when attaching glass microelectrodes or electrode holders to the probe input . While in the INPUT CAPACITANCE 1 pF, nominal standby mode the voltage at the probe input is clamped near zero volts LEAKAGE CURRENT 75 fA max thus protecting the input . GAIN 1 .000 ± 0 .1% OUTPUT RESISTANCE 50 Ω INPUT SWING VOLTAGE ±10 V #2547 Driven Guard Shield RISE TIME (10 TO 90%) 5 µs, small signal FD223A FD223a Dual Channel Differential Electrometer NOISE (0 .1 Hz TO 10 KHz) <100 µV p-p, input shorted 2 probes, driven guard shields and micropipette holder MEH1SF included BASELINE STABILITy ±0 .1 mV/day for all glass microelectrodes O.D. 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2.0 mm. POSITION CONTROLS RANGE ±600 mV OPTIOnAL ACCESSORIES PHySICAL DIMENSIONS Case: 8 .8 x 21 .0 x 17 .5 cm (H x W x D) M3301L Micromanipulator (specify left- or right-handed) Probe: 12 .7 x 65 mm (D x L), 1 .8 m cable M-3 80° Tilting base POWER 90-265 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 10 VA RC1T Reference cell (Ag/AgCl) 2547 Driven guard shield for FD223AP Probe PROBE HANDLE 6 .5 x 65 mm (D x L) MEH1SF Microelectrode holder SHIPPING WEIGHT 2 .5 kg FD223AP Replacement probe (includes calibration) OPERATING CONDITIONS Equipment is intended to be operated in See cables and connectors, page 162. a controlled laboratory environment . Temperature: 0-40 °C; altitude: See microelectrode holders, pages 174-177. sea level to 2000 m; relative humidity: 0-95% . See capillary glass, page 168. Prices shown are in U.S. dollars. Actual charges will vary because of import duty, freight, and currency fluctuations. To obtain an exact quotation, contact your WPI office. World Precision Instruments • Tel: 941-371-1003 • Fax: 941-377-5428 • E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: www.wpiinc.com 3 WPI’s Quietest Intracellular Amplifier! EElleeccttrroo 770055 S PPOOBBAAWWTTEETTRREEEERRYY PP OO RR TTAA BB LL EE DD R E T E M O R T C E L E , S R A low noise high quality intracellular E amplifier well-suited for the student lab I Photo shows two units arranged for differential recording. Manipulators not included. F Il Remote Headstage — Easily mounted in any manipulator, this l Tickler Circuit — A momentary oscillation that helps achieve cell L small probe, containing the first stage of amplification, includes a penetration . Pmicroelectrode holder, which plugs directly into the probe input . l Electrode Resistance Test — The 705 provides a 1 nA electrode test Ml Battery Power — Four 9V alkaline batteries (included) power the current . Electrode resistance is monitored at the 1X output as a voltage Electro 705 for approximately 500 hours giving a super clean low noise (1 mV/M) . source of power making the Electro 705 the quietest amplifier available . l Probe Test Port — Allows the convenience of testing the amplifier's A Batteries can be easily tested by the press of a button . intrinsic noise and gain without cumbersome external test hookups . Gate l Capacitance Compensation — Corrects for loss of rise time caused leakage current can also be adjusted with minimum effort . by the presence of electrode capacity . Up to 50 pF of electrode shunt l Baseline Position Control — Adds or subtracts up to 300 mV to the capacity may be neutralized . headstage output, allowing artifact voltages such as liquid junction l Driven Guard Shield — Stray capacitance can be potentials to be nulled prior to recording . further reduced by placing the driven guard shield l Differential Output — Two Electro 705s can be connected in tandem (included) over the microelectrode holder at the to create an optional differential amplifier probe system . input end of the probe . SYS-705 Electro 705 Electrometer ELECTRO 705 SPECIFICATIOnS Probe, driven guard shield and micropipette holder MEH1SF included for INPUT IMPEDANCE 1012 Ohms, shunted by 1 pF glass microelectrodes O.D. 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2.0 mm. OUTPUT IMPEDANCE 100 Ohms, both outputs OPTIOnAL ACCESSORIES GAIN X1: ±0 .1% 3468 Dual Rack Mount Kit INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE ±5 V 3469 Single Rack Mount Kit RISETIME 15 µs, 10-90% M3301L Micromanipulator (specify left- or right-handed) NOISE LEVEL 500 µV peak-to-peak* M-3 80° Tilting base INPUT CAPACITANCE COMPENSATION 0-50 pF RC1T Reference cell (Ag/AgCl) GATE LEAKAGE CURRENT ±10 pA, adjustable to zero 2541 Driven guard shield for 705PF Probe ELECTRODE RESISTANCE TEST 1 mV/ M Ohms MEH1SF Microelectrode holder 705PF Replacement probe (includes calibration)* DC POSITIONING ± 300 mV *Instrument must be returned to WPI for free calibration with new probe. COMMON MODE REjECTION >104 (in differential mode) See cables and connectors, page 162. POWER Four 9V alkaline batteries, supplied See microelectrode holders, pages 174-177. DIMENSIONS 8 .5 x 3 .5 x 2 .2 in . (22 x 9 x 6 cm) See capillary glass, page 168. SHIPPING WEIGHT 5 lb (2 .3 kg) Reference * Full band width, with 20 M Ohms source Koch, U . (2000) “Interdependence of spatial and temporal coding in the auditory midbrain .” Journal of Neurophysiology 83, 4, 2300-2314 Prices shown are in U.S. dollars. Actual charges will vary because of import duty, freight, and currency fluctuations. To obtain an exact quotation, contact your WPI office. 4 UK: Tel: 01438-880025 • [email protected] Germany: Tel: 030-6188845 • [email protected] China: Tel: 21 68885517 • [email protected] 4-Channel Transducer Amplifier A M P L I F I Transbridge (TBM4M) is a E four-channel analog transducer manifold, specifically designed R to amplify output voltage S signals from pressure, force, displacement, and temperature , transducers as well as a wide E variety of other signal sources . L Analog output signals are E available from each channel for input to a data acquisition C system for digital signal T processing in a computer . Each channel contains a FORT100 R regulated 10-volt power supply PNEU DSPL O (+5 and -5 volts with respect to signal ground) to provide M DC power to transducers, and Transducers not included. See WPI’s complete line of transducers for a precision differential amplifier with selectable voltage amplification and physiological measurement. E variable position adjustment control . Transducers can be connected to Transbridge via any of the 8-pin T connectors on the front panel . Four spare 8-pin DIN plugs are TRAnSBRIDGE SPECIFICATIOnS E provided with each instrument to allow you to rewire cables of other CHANNELS 4 manufacturers’ transducers and connect them to Transbridge . Each R VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION x1, x10, x100, x1000 Transbridge channel may be used in either Full Bridge or the Half Bridge mode independently . For transducer types other than resistive bridges, VOLTAGE OFFSET ADjUSTMENT > ± 50 mV S such as active transistor circuits, magnetic, photocell or piezoelectric NOISE .4uV p-p (0 .1 to 10Hz, G=100) devices, the instrument’s differential amplifiers may still be used LINEARITy +/- .001% of FSR G=1; effectively for signal amplification in differential (full bridge) and single- +/- .01% of FSR, G-=1000 ended (half bridge) modes . See WPI’s complete line of TRANSDUCERS for OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING ± 10 V physiological measurements . MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT 2 mA INPUT IMPEDANCE, EACH INPUT 1010 ohms TRANSDUCER EXCITATION 10 V DC (±5 V) approx . BANDWIDTH, SMALL SIGNAL 1 MHz (x1), 80 KHz (x10), TRAnSDUCERS 10 KHz (x100), 1 .0 KHz (x1000) PnEU01 Pressure Sensor, 1 psig DIMENSIONS 8 .5 x 5 .12 x 10 in . (21 .6 x 13 x 25 .44 cm) PnEU05 Pressure Sensor, 5 psig SHIPPING WEIGHT 11 lb (5 kg) PnEU15 Pressure Sensor, 15 psig DSPL Displacement Transducer LUME Photocell SYS-TBM4M Transbridge Transducer Amplifier FORT10-100 Force Transducer, Dual Range (10 g and 100 g) Specify line voltage FORT10g Force Transducer (10 g) OPTIOnAL ACCESSORIES FORT25 Force Transducer (25 g) 13024 Single Rack Mount Kit FORT100 Force Transducer (100 g) 13025 Dual Rack Mount Kit FORT250 Force Transducer (250 g) 500184 BNC-to-BNC cable, 10 ft FORT1000 Force Transducer (1000 g) 3161 8-pin DIN plug FORT5000 Force Transducer (5000 g) 3718 Package of 4, 8-pin DIN (startup kit) 3491 Probe Extension Cable See Transducers, pages 16-17 Caution: Extension cable may diminish signal-to-noise ratio. Prices shown are in U.S. dollars. Actual charges will vary because of import duty, freight, and currency fluctuations. To obtain an exact quotation, contact your WPI office. World Precision Instruments • Tel: 941-371-1003 • Fax: 941-377-5428 • E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: www.wpiinc.com 5 Duo 773 Dual Microprobe System 2-channel intracellular amplifier S R E T E M O R T C E L E , S For intracellular dual or differential studies, the Duo773 has separate negative capacity controls and built-in R active filtering that allows the precise balancing of time constants for artifact-free differential measurement. E Comes complete with two probe headstages, 1015 Ohms & 1011 Ohms probes to monitor signals from ion-specific Imicro-electrodes as well as KCl-filled electrodes. F I* Although injected currents are “constant,” Lthe maximum current in a given situation will DUO 773 SPECIFICATIOnS always be limited by the system compliance of P10 V. HEADSTAGE (PROBE) 712P (red, port “B”) 715P (blue, port “A”) **The 712P headstage may be used on either ACTIVE PROBE INPUT IMPEDANCE >1011Ω 1015Ω MA or B channels, however Current Injection GAIN x1, x10 x1 specifications do not apply when used on OUTPUT RESISTANCE 100 Ω 100 Ω channel A. The 715P headstage may not be used A OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE ±10 V ± 10V on the B channel. MAXIMUM INPUT VOLTAGE ±15 V ±15 V PROBE LEAKAGE CURRENT 5 X 10-12 A 10-14 A DC POSITION ADjUST RANGE ± 300 mV ± 300 mV ELECTRODE RESISTANCE TEST CURRENT 1 nA 1 pA, 1 nA selectable INPUT CAPACITy COMPENSATION +10 to -50 pF 0 to -10 pF NOISE Input shorted <50 µV p-p 10kHz bandwidth <50µV p-p 10kHz bandwidth 20 MΩ carbon resistor <200 µV p-p 10kHz bandwidth <200µV p-p 10kHz bandwidth RISE TIME 10-90% direct input small signal 1 µs, typical 10-90% through 20 MΩ (-C “on”) 25 µs, typical References CURRENT INjECTION (712P only)** L. Pluja (2000) “Electrical and mechanical Internal DC Current ± 50 nA low range, ± 500 nA high range effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and Externally commanded Current ± 500nA low range, ± 5 µA high range External current command factor 20 mV/nA low range, 2 mV/nA high range pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide Current monitor 100 mV/nA low range, 10 mV/nA high range in the rat colon involve different mechanisms .” Compliance 3V low range, 10V high range European Journal of Pharmacology 389, 217- Bridge balance 0-100 MΩ, 0-1000 MΩ 224 . Bridge amplifier gain x 10, x 50 LOW PASS FILTER 40 dB/decade, continuously variable 1-30 kHz G. X. Wang, X. B. Zhou, et al. (2000) “Effects of METER SECTION mitoxantrone on excitation-contraction coupling Display 3 .5-digit LED in guinea pig ventricular myocytes .” Journal of Ranges 200 mV, 2000 mV, 20 V, 200 nA, 2000 nA Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Accuracy and resolution 1 digit 293, 2, 501-508 . DIMENSIONS Instrument 17 x 5 .25 x 10 in . (43 x 13 x 25 cm) S. Tsuruoka (2000) “Acute effect of cadmium- Probe Diameter: 12 mm Length: 34 mm metallothionein on glucose and amino acid transport across the apical membrane of POWER 95-135 V or 220-240 V, 50/60 Hz the rabbit proximal tubule perfused in vitro .” SHIPPING WEIGHT 15 lb (7 kg) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental CERTIFICATION CE, CSA Therapeutics 292, 2, 769-777. Prices shown are in U.S. dollars. Actual charges will vary because of import duty, freight, and currency fluctuations. To obtain an exact quotation, contact your WPI office. 6 UK: Tel: 01438-880025 • [email protected] Germany: Tel: 030-6188845 • [email protected] China: Tel: 21 68885517 • [email protected] Headstage — Two gold-plated, epoxy sealed miniature active probes can Independent Outputs — The Duo773 has an output for each probe be positioned directly to the measurement site . Microelectrode holders independent of gain filtering or balancing . In addition the Duo773 has containing an Ag/AgCl electrochemical half-cells plug directly into the a 10x and a 50x output for easy integration to most data aquisition probes . Stray capacitance can be reduced by placing the included driven programs . guard shield over the microelectrode holder at the end of the probe . Digital Meter — The Duo773 comes complete with a 3½-digit display Capacity Compensation — Channel A can compensate up to 10 pF of for monitoring injection current or the voltages for either probe (single electrode shunt capacity and Channel B can compensate up to 50 pF . ended or differential) . Tickler Circuit — Assists in cell penetration . The frequency and SYS-773 Duo 773 Electrometer amplitude of the oscillations may be varied for differences in membrane Specify line voltage A thickness or cell size . The duration of tickle can be controlled either by Includes two probes with driven guard shields and eight using the momentary switch, a foot switch, or by applying a signal to the M MEH1SF microelectrode holders for 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, remote tickler input . or 2.0 mm glass electrodes. Active Filters — Low pass settings on a -40 dB/decade active filter P vary the cutoff from 1 to 30 kHz . Either probe or bridge outputs may be OPTIOnAL ACCESSORIES selected for filtering . 712P Replacement probe (includes calibration)* L Current Injection — Channel B can eject current through the 715P Replacement probe (includes calibration)* I microelectrode by applying a command signal to the stimulus input *Instrument should be returned to WPI for free calibration with new probe. F connector; the resulting output from the probe will then be a constant 2933 Rack Mount Kit, 51⁄4-in . high I current replica of the input signal . Two ranges of current delivery are 2547 Driven Guard Shield for 712P & 715P Probes E provided: 50 nA and 500 nA or by an external source . This source can 15790 Replacement Probe Handle R be useful for delivering hyperpolarizing currents to stabilize the cell TW100F-4 Glass capillary with filament membrane potential and as a holding current for microiontophoresis . TW150F-4 Glass capillary with filament S Compliance Alarm — When the electrode voltage exceeds the probe See Dri-Ref, page 59. , input maximum allowed voltage, an audible over-compliance alarm will See cables and connectors, page 162. E sound . Bridge Balance — Subtracts the excess electrode voltage associated L with delivering current through the recording micropipette . Electrode E resistances up to 1000 MΩ can be balanced in two ranges . The balanced C signal is available from x10 or x50 front panel output connectors . #2547 Driven Guard Shield T Optional Holders R Typical setup: for Intracellular O Amplifiers M E Duo773 50x gain output MEH1SF (supplied) TE R Data Acquisition MEH2SF S System MEH2SFW Recording Electrode Drug or dye current MEH3SF (with holder MEH1SF) electrophoresis injection MEH3SFW MEH6SF Micromanipulator Micromanipulator MEH6SFW See Microelectrode Holders, Inverted Microscope page 198-201 Prices shown are in U.S. dollars. Actual charges will vary because of import duty, freight, and currency fluctuations. To obtain an exact quotation, contact your WPI office. World Precision Instruments • Tel: 941-371-1003 • Fax: 941-377-5428 • E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: www.wpiinc.com 7 DAM Series Bioamplifiers A family of very low noise battery-operated amplifiers RS Now with ESD Protection! •io nGtaotpehdo orers mis,a onru cael lcl usrtrimenut lagteionne .r ation for histological marking, •  A very low noise remote active headstage (DAM80 only) is E useful for very high impedance amplification utilizing T glass or metal electrodes . E DAM series amplifiers can be used as standalone units on any tabletop, or use optional clamp- M mounting hardware to locate them conveniently within the work area . Alternatively, a pair of O amplifiers can be mounted into a standard equipment rack with a rack mount kit (#3484 ) . R A variety of hook up accessories are available to configure your application . T C E L E , S R Dam50—Basic Amplifier (optional #5447 electrode adapter not included) E I Optional probe #5489 F for use with DAM50 also in cludes mi cro elec trode I WPI’s DAM series amplifier’s are well known as a standard of the L adapt er #5469 . industry for extracellular potential amplification . These battery P powered bio-amplifiers are designed with a compact chassis profile that enables the user to locate the unit closer to the preparation M and thereby minimize long lead lengths which contribute to noise . Each amplifier is equipped with selectable high and low filters, and A a position control to offset galvanic potentials which may develop during recording . A choice of models offer additional features that are useful for certain applications: Application Examples DAM50 DAM50 #5447 Adapter #5371 Cable GND A GND B Electrode Adapter #3294 Grounding Clip #5371 Cable Light #5489 Probe Stimulation #300102 electrode extension, held by #2033 Adapter micromanipulators B #3578 Cable A Micromanipulator #5469 Metal Metal Microelectrodes Microelectrode Central Ground Adapter EP2 Immobilized specimen Metal Microelectrode Ag/AgCl Half Cell Ag/AgCl pellet (i.e., TM33B01) Petri Dish Central Ground Extracellular recording ERG recording of fly eyes using metal microelectrode Prices shown are in U.S. dollars. Actual charges will vary because of import duty, freight, and currency fluctuations. To obtain an exact quotation, contact your WPI office. 8 UK: Tel: 01438-880025 • [email protected] Germany: Tel: 030-6188845 • [email protected] China: Tel: 21 68885517 • [email protected]