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La religione babilonese PDF

186 Pages·1961·5.268 MB·Italian
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JEAS BOTTÉRO LA RELIGIONEB ABILOl'\ESE LE PICCOLES TORIEI LLUSTRAT E -SANSO�I * La Jdi�;iondce i Semitid ella \k,t>pcn;un,i;af ondO• u una re­ nlOII'•ima tradilion�s e�­umerica, H>Il(lol a qualei lO idno erad i•· •l"•ninaiWn n umcro'dci \iniatnà­ tropomorcfhee c <>ct<it;l\laaln oor o azionen e\l"ambidteoi tcnomeni naturacl ii ll Uic ulteor ad i ca­ ratter•et rettamelmocc al\e'.c mui a comano cnn l"�ai. -.emirnio n -entiroinloh i,ogndoi modificar ne ba,ilarmcnltel.' f orme,m a le irnpr<:gnal{ti'(l nuon o •pirintuoO \o ;,piraat ou n;� pwfond,lr eligin "<ÌtlC.o ns<die ll;.;ar andcndae lD i \inn,d d •Un pntut· ''"ocl mo dell•aI laan ia' prc•cntnael m on­ do,t ,..;..a trinhi1olneop H�<C."<I('nti c.ometionrie ligieo.'> �eu lm odello th.-ll'ammini,trarteiaolneco. r g:t ni11aroinloI om palllh'!'t'OCOInI· do un ordine� rarchiccoh e ten­ dc'aa ltan tonarrhIinat .a lm odo. <olfir at uttii p opoldie ll"antichit;Ì e a<-.api1 ·imdaò CrcriI ellpee r que<toa p..e ttod ip�ro for-.cd a lorore,d ificarounon coerent�e� ­ �temap olilei.;tico. D"ahrap arte,\ "as�id�umod io del mondo e soprauunod q!;!i a�trwin, lar i,elalidoin uen or­ dined ell"uni,·dcir usnoa mirabi lep crfcliolnier .� e capacdii tra ,fedrqeu co-tin uO\id alin ell�ar c­ ra rdil:i:o(ac.( )';i((ch"éi f!; Ìun,ero a (011e1 pirei l Oi 'i noi n terrnini di tra,cendeer nial m o dominio * In soprnccopDuemtoan:ei n ter­ racotdtaaT e llof.r àn eo-,umerica. Lmnre.G iraudon. * �ulm ondo -onol 'a�peudoi un:. alione<.: !<'lna<.: unÌICt"'3fko.n · dandoi n talm odo una 1crar cli· �ione� cicntinfieclal qau alel a fe de •i.. rricchdheal tsew pcrtdee l· la rap;ioncc la cuii mponama è atte<tdaatlal 'inAuessseor cit�aut\o. la religioen seu lp ensiercoi leni �liroe , attraverqsuoe st'ultimo, milan o<tr�a� e<;�cah iltà 11t emaa ffrontadlaol l'autdoir e querol ibrCo uno frai piùa rdui e 'UAAe<oil iclh e po-�anpor e<ien­ tal'aig li' llldimdeil ler eligioni nricnuliJ:e anll nuérnn.o li��imo •p<.x.iali\dtia a ��iriolohgai as,a · putot rauarrlùo nl am a('<;triac he r huun �lllnd ella gcnurionm:tp e· tctuae dellaa utcntitp;la �o;i;onc <,rientifiinc au.n a f01maa cce;�i bilea n<hea l< Onllmt) ('UOrec.h e trOH'rài n quNtep ag-inela ri�po· '-taa moltip roblemdi1 e., j01 ffar· òanoa d ogni� piridtc-5oi dero5d0i approfondi�rteo ri(ameinltc ea m­ mino dell'umaniitnà c ercad el o:,ino. "\:ella� �es�cao lle1ione: la Bibbei ak vopu!l: modcrnr di G. Ricdoui \nii/.Z•Hafc rr di G. Lancrkow�ki IlB uddismmoa ha•·a1za di B.L . Suzuki l (!randfio mlafordii r eligioni di H. J.S thoep� * JEANB OTTERO LA RELIGIONE BABILONESE SANSON-I FIRENZE Titoloor iginale: La religbiaob1y1l o11iemze PressUensi versitadier Fcrsa nce1,9 52 TraduziodnieS ERGIOP ICCHJONl Primae dizionsec,t tbemr c19 61 «) G. CS.a nsonFii,r enz1e9 61 Introduzione Ilp roblema Ilt iteosloa tcthoea vremdmoov udtaor ael lpar esente esposièzi ilsoe ngneu teeL:ar eligdieoSine em idteil l'antica Mesopotamia. È notcoo mien q uesptaoe sielc, u siu olèo formato dalallel uvdieoinD iu eF iumii lT igrli 'uEfe rastie , « », siavneon uatdii n conterf aorned efroer,m andloapn oep o­ laziodnueeg, r angdriu peptin :i cSiiu meerdiu nc erto numerdoiS emiitviri,a ggrugpipinàa teip ocpar eistorica edi ccuoin fliotctciu piap nroi mmii lalnen die lsltao ria. Benc onoscsiounlto'e o riegl iapn aer endteeSile am :i ti il orcoo nsiomcicluip aevdao ncoc uptauntot v'aosrtae zone deVli ciOnroi enPteerq. u anctoon ceirnnvee icS eu meri, esssio naon cora cidraclmo insdtaeetr mioa lgriandnou ­ merevsofloirn zeis saurnc heool sotgoor liich oap otuti ancorriac onnceotntc eerret eazq zuaa lcher aamldote rlol a popaozliounmea na. Ciòn onostcarnetdei daims oa pecrheee ssfiu roin o promotdoiqr uie ll'ammciirveimvleotslàoe p otcahmheia c a brilpleatrtr oe milap riamndanit i r asmeatlt emroen do, in epoceal lenilsapt riocpare,ir ae dAictcàa.n atiSo u merii , Semiftain ncoe rltaofi gurdaip arepnotvie driid ,i scepoli 7 eq uadsiie pgionNio.m advie nudtaidl e seretsosa,iv evano tuttoa pdpar ened erdea ninnov elr'opi rmessdi'oanvee r tutatpop redsaolp o posluoem ri.c o Ilp roblpeimùga r avee p iùd ifficdiellesl tao rdieal la Mesopotaanmtiièacp ae lr' ppaunitlco e rcdairs ea pesree esshia nnoo m enoa pporqtuaatloc doesllao rpoa trimonio culturea lddeie, rt meinairlle o rpoa rticcoolnatrrei buto allcai vimletsào potamica. Talper oblseipm oa nseo pratnteultlt'oa dmeblirlteao­ ligieodnu en,as uas oluzaipopnaer iar eqbubeesp troo po­ sitqou antoa umsapii cabilei.ne ffNeetcstosinu tnelosa t a consideirmepvoorlteda eniSz eam iitnig eneirneq uesto campnoé,l 'eirnetscsheei ll oraot gtgeiamedin ftroo nte alD ivihnaod estdaatt oe mpnoe gsltio rici, negli psico­ logcio,sc lo mnee tie oleon geig slpii rrietlisi igDi.oo vremo dunquseo ttraalrlr'ei nvesdtiqi ugeasztiio ner ilcae rcatori religdieolnle' aMnetsioocptaa mipau,rs empurne ad elle maggiordmoecnutmee netp aeturen p erioddiqo u atsrie ­ milaan nfir,qa u ellceh hea nnpor ecediulCt roi stianesimo? Dovrepmeon sacrheec, o mnee cla sdoe lla sec ridtit ura altfrait tori di Secmiivdtiiil tMàe,s oip soitaasnmtoia at i ancihenc iaòl lieec voin tinudaeStiuo mreier c ih,le a l oro religsiiio dneen tinfiépc ihnùié m encoo nq ueldliqa u esti ult?i mi Talulnohi a nncor eduCteor.t amèe nqtuea ntdoe lmia­i cateoda rdupoo treirs ponaddue nrt ea lqeu esiItlmo e.­ todmoi glipoerrre i solvsaerrelbob e dusbebnqizuoae llo indicdaatA orciis totSeelgeu:iif raet dtail lloaro or igine, « pepro temrelgilp ieor cetpaiqlru ea elsiss io no( P ol,iI t,. » 2)D.' alptarrati elv, o lceorg lielrare e ligdieoiSn eemt ii diM esopotaalms iuaos catuorriirgei naaprpiauort eo pi­ sticlo'p:oe cnae lqluaa eles ssio neon triant ic onctoant to iS umesrici e lnae lslc'uordietlàpl rae istIolsr eigau.pi oril a 8 paspsaos spou,rp artednaud nod atmoo mendteol sltao ria, è pressuoncahc éh im:e rainilf maatgtgii nourm erdio d o­ cumenitnni o stro peo sips ieùsi smop,o rtnaonntp iu,ò essearnec oarlal inseeactoonu dnor igoroorsdoi ne crono­ logiEc od.ci i sòi s endtaet emploam ancanza. Sartàu ttasvuiffiac iepnetrue n,c osvla tsos pazdii o tempuon,av edudtia scorcio e nleicmeistasa atrai amente sommic apQiu?a nddoiu nac urvsao ndoa tsio ltainlt o puntion izila'elirenm,te dei lo' estdriee msoss,aic onosce pelro m enol at raoireitgate nerEa qluee.s èt aop parente­ mentteu tctiocò h en enlo stcraom ppoo ssioatmtoe ;n ere maè ,i nu tlimaan alli'seis,s ePnrziimvaail redt.iù usntoo ­ ricèo i l ncoenr cdairc eo nsoceprieù d i qunaonntl oo autoriaz fzairinedo o cumeinnst uiop oss.es.s.o Il« puntion izdieallcleua r »v ad unquienm, a ncanza dic onoscpernezceei sdee ttagèl icaotset,i tduaci itòo chel ar icostrcuozmipoanreac tihi avp ae rmedsast oe m­ po daip purianrteo ranlolr ee ligsieomniit iicngh een e­ ralael,l sop irito dreeiSl eimgiieotdsia o l lseu ee sesn­ ziamlain ifesit.Ia lz« piuonnteos tr»e mèo c ostidtau ito ciò lcahr ee ligmieosnoep otèa mdiicvae nduotpaao l cuni millednivn iit nae,lm omenitnoc uies ssait ravnaesla mondeol leniIslt« picuon.ti on term»e sdairoà npoeir rappresdeanlpt eartioo ndeolq ualienM esopotaimni­a, tornaol1 090 Ca..c, o nl af ondazdieoplnr ei miomp ero babiloinS eesmeip,tr ie nddoenfion itivialsm oepnrtaev vento sui Sulmise ortit,o meet stiso onsot ituaidse csosSnioo.l o a partdiarq eu emlo menntooi p renderienem soa mlea religione me-soiplco htega imuisctalia 'fidcoaz idoenle più btrietvoeLl ao :r elibgaiboinleo n-e!siem itaan doci 1 breev i sporaadlilcuhsaeil olsnoti a atnot erdieolrcleoe s e. Die sspae,r qucaipn etrom etitd ooncou meen steic ondo unc ritpeirdùi eo scricthteci rvoon ol,oc geirccohedrie mo 9 considieclro amrpel essvsuiiplvpofio n oa llo'ceeapll enistica, inf unzidio qnuea nctièo n otdoa,u nap arstuel rleal igione propariiS au meroi p,i uttsousltsloue ef ondametnetna­li den2z,ed all'ea plrtirnac,i paslumleslnpoti er,ri etloi gioso semitPioctor.e cmoosf lo rcsoem prenidneq rueam li sura quest'till'thciaom mop eneet trraatsaf oer,ms aept oas si­ bilaeff,e rmdairc eo nsegucehnelz ara e ligdieoSine em idtii Mesopotnaomnis aii dentciofinqc uae ldleaiS umeri, ma che ehsais nav eucnse u oc aratotreirgeie n aclvheaer icol­ legaatlalg ar anfdaem igdleilrale el igsieomniit iche. IO CapitIo lo I Semiet lia l orroe ligione I Semiti Ilc onfrodnetlloli en geuber aica, aarraabemata,ii oc­a, piceada ccadhiapc oar taac toon sidetruatcrtoleme de i ffe­ renstvii ludpiup nias teslsian gaunat erpiaorrleda,at au n grupepton iicnoi zialcmoeenrteeen s tuec cessidvia­mente sperAs oq.u esptoop oel o quesltian gsuièa data la a denominadzi«i soenmteii »c iin r iferiam GeennteosX i,, 21s gg. Sembra che i Spermeicteid,le an ntneeol nslot'nrè ar,a abbiaocncou pcahtleo 'r aecao mprfersaaM eidli terer aneo la'ltopiiraannoil cazo o,n mao ntuoas nao rdde lVlaal le dell'Euef lraest peo nddeeMl a rR ossAoi.q uatpturnot i cardidniaq luie svtaos ttoe rriltior riitor ovsieadmeon ta­ rizzaaltc ie;n tnreodl,e sesritroo -aersassbioo n,io n vece nomadi. Un talsec hegmeao graèfi csoi cganti:ifi ivlol uogeo la'mbiepnrtoep ariiS oe mitiild eès earrtao;b i oll orsot ato originèa rraipop resdeanltvlaiatt ona o madMea. c ircon­ datpir,i ncipalnmoerndnt,oe r d-ee nsotr d-odvaes set­, a dentaalrs iic udrao uensai stenza spienscsseporl tean dei - II

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