Republic of Kenya ≠ EDICT OF GOVERNMENT ± In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. KS 1242 (2012) (English): Method of test for Cordages (Draft Standard) KENYA STANDARD KS 1242:2012 ICS 59.060.10 Method of test for Cordages KEBS 2012 Second Edition 2012 KS 1242: 2012 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee: Africa Polysack Ltd. Allpack Industries Ltd. Flexpac International Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) Kenya Sisal Board Moi University National Cereals & Produce Board Polysack Premier Bag and Cordage Ltd. Rai Plywoods (Kenya) Ltd. Red Plum Enterprises Teita Estate Kenya Textile Training Institute Coffee Board Raffia Bags Athi River Mining-Rhino Cement Kenya Tea Development Association Wonderpac Industries Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed. Suggestions for improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are welcome. ©Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2012 Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 12 of 2001 of the Laws of Kenya, copyright subsists in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 26 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bureau of Standards may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from the Managing Director. ii Second Edition KEBS 2012 — All rights reserved KENYA STANDARD KS 1242: 2012 ICS 59.060.10 Methods of test for Cordages KENYA BUREAU OF STANDARDS (KEBS) Head Office: P.O. Box 54974, Nairobi-00200, Tel.: (+254 020) 605490, 602350, Fax: (+254 020) 604031 E-Mail: [email protected], Web:http://www.kebs.org Coast Region Lake Region Rift Valley Region P.O. Box 99376, Mombasa-80100 P.O. Box 2949, Kisumu-40100 P.O. Box 2138, Nakuru-20100 Tel.: (+254 041) 229563, 230939/40 Tel.: (+254 057) 23549, 22396 Tel.: (+254 051) 210553, 210555 Fax: (+254 041) 229448 Fax: (+254 057) 21814 © KEBS 2012 — All rights reserved iii KS 1242: 2012 Foreword . This Kenya Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hard Fibres and Related Products under the direction of the Projects Standards Committee, and it is in accordance with the procedures of the Bureau. The standard is a collection of the important physical test methods applicable to cordages made from natural and man-made fibres. In the second edition of this Kenya standard, a formula on Linear density under clause 5.1.1.5 has been corrected. In the development of this standard, reference was made to the following documents: ISO 2307: 1990 (E) Ropes — Determination of certain physical and mechanical properties. BS 5053: 1985 Methods of test for cordages and webbing slings and for fibre cores for wire ropes. Acknowledgement is hereby made for the assistance received from these sources. iv Second Edition KEBS 2012 — All rights reserved KENYA STANDARD METHODS OF TEST FOR CORDAGES (Second Edition) KS 1242: 2012 1 Scope This Kenya Standard describes methods of test for cordages made from either natural or man-made fibres. 2 Normative references The following standards are indispensable in the application of this standard: KS 1037 Methods of test for woven bags KS 641Glossary of terms for ropes and Cordages KS 32 Conditions for testing textiles 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions, together with those given in KS 08-641 apply: 3.1 cordage A load bearing article made by assembling fibres or filaments with twisting or plaiting, including twines, lines and ropes. 3.2 twine A twisted cordage less than 4 mm in diameter. 3.3 line Laid, cabled or plaited cordage less than 4 mm in diameter. 3.4 rope An article of cordage more than 4 mm in diameter obtained when: (a) three or more strands are laid or plaited together, or (b) a core is covered by a braided or plastic film sheath. 3.5 batch The definite quantity of a commodity manufactured or produced under conditions presumed uniform, consisting of articles of the same type and dimensions. 3.6 laboratory sample The total selection of samples from a batch intended for the laboratory for testing. 3.7 Specimen A quantity of cordage on which a test complying with the requirements of this standard is carried out. 3.8 Package The unit of packaging in which the goods are supplied. 4. Sampling 4.1 Baler Twines and other Twines made-up into Spools Determine the number of spools “S” in a laboratory sample by the equation: S = 0.25 N © KEBS 2012 — All rights reserved 1 KS 1242: 2012 where, N = the number of spools in a batch. Where the calculated value of “S” is not a whole number, round off the value obtained to the nearest whole number, for example 29.5 and 25.44 shall be rounded off to 30 and 25 respectively. Where S < 1, take one sample length. 4.2 Lines and Twines made-up in Packages other than Spools Determine the number of laboratory samples “S” by the equation: S = 0.25 N where, N = the number of packages making up the batch. Where the calculated value of “S” is not a whole number, round off the value obtained to the nearest whole number (see 3.1) Where S 1, take one sample length. < 4.3 Ropes Determine the number of laboratory samples “S” by the equation: S = 0.4 N where, N = the number of coils making up the batch. Where the calculated value of “S” is not a whole number, the value obtained shall be rounded off to the nearest whole number (see 3.1). Where S 1, take one sample length. < 4.4 Selection of Laboratory Sample Select at random the required number of packages, as determined from the equation in 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, ensuring that each package is taken from different bales (or bundles) of the batch. 5. Conditioning Conduct all tests under ordinary room conditions of temperature and humidity. However, in case of dispute, conduct the tests on samples which have been conditioned for 48 hours in the standard atmosphere for textile testing as defined in KS 08-32 6. Testing 6.1 Twines and Lines Natural and man-made. 6.1.1 Determination of Linear Density and Runnage. 6.1.1.1 Principle Weighing, under specific conditions, specimens of specified length, then calculation of the linear density and runnage (or length, in metres, per kilogram). 6.1.1.2 Apparatus 2 Second Edition KEBS 2012 — All rights reserved KS 1242: 2012 (a) Balance Accurate to 0.5 g. (b) Wrap-reel Of known perimeter. 6.1.1.3 Selection of specimen Select 30 m of twine from each package. In case of spools, proceed as follows: Draw directly from the centre of each spool, in anti-clockwise direction, the first 10 m of twine and discard them; Then draw 30 m of twine and wind as adjacent turn (without overlapping) on the wrap-reel, exercising just sufficient tension on the twine to maintain straightness. Each length of 30 m thus obtained constitutes a specimen. 6.1.1.4 Procedure Weigh each specimen to the nearest 0.5 g (let m be the mass obtained in grams). 1 6.1.1.5 Calculations and expression of results (a) Calculation of linear density For each specimen, calculate the linear density “T” in tex, using the formula: 1 000 m T = 1 30 where, m = the mass, in grams, of the specimen. 1 (b) Calculation of runnage Calculate the runnage “L”, in metres per kilogram of twine using the following formula: 6 10 L = T where, L = the linear density in tex. (c) Check test If any specimen is outside the tolerance, a check test shall be carried out on another spool. If the results of the check test is found to be within the limits of the permitted tolerances, it is the result of the check test which is adopted for the value of the linear density. 6.1.2 Determination of Breaking Force 6.1.2.1 Principle Measurement of force (expressed in decaNewtons) necessary to break, under prescribed conditions, a specimen of specified length. KEBS 2012— All rights reserved 3 KS 1242: 2012 6.1.2.2 Apparatus Tensile testing machine, having a constant rate of traverse, with a mobile grip. This testing machine should comprise: (a) Two devices for gripping and guiding the ends of the test piece (e.g. bollards), in order to achieve an indirect pull on the test piece. (b) A device for maintaining the rate of traverse constant. (c) A device for indicating or continuously recording the force applied. 6.1.2.3 Specimen selection After determining the runnage, select from the package (or in case of spool, draw directly from the centre of each spool in an anti-clockwise direction), and without cutting the twine/line, ten specimens spaced 5 m from each other and of sufficient length so that once they are mounted in the testing machine, the free length of the specimen between the gripping devices (5.1.2.2 (a)) is a minimum of 500 mm in case of natural fibres or 250 mm for man-made fibres. Each specimen shall be identified by reference to the package from which it has been drawn. 6.1.2.4 Procedure: (a) Before mounting the test piece between the grips (5.1.2.2 (a)), check that the axes of the latter are minimum of 500 mm (natural fibres) or 250 mm (man-made fibres) apart. (b) Check that the speed of movement of the moving grip of the machine is constant and numerically equal, in millimetres per minute, within ± 10 %, to the length, in millimetres of the specimen between the grips. (c) Start the machine and apply the force continuously until the specimen breaks. If a specimen breaks in the grips, or as a result of damage caused by them, remove it and start the test again with a new specimen. 6.1.2.5 Expression of results For the breaking force test, take into consideration only the results obtained when the break occurs between the grips of the testing machine. If any one of the specimens from a sample package fails to reach the minimum breaking force specified in the table for the twine being tested, the result shall be rejected and another package of twine sampled in its place. This retest procedure is applicable to all sample packages representing a batch. Should any test results from the retest sample package or packages fail to reach the minimum breaking force requirement, the batch represented by the sample packages shall be deemed not to comply with this Kenya Standard. 6.1.3 Determination of Diameter 6.1.3.1 Principle Measurement of diameter under a given tension in different points along the twine length using a vernier caliper. 6.1.3.2 Apparatus A vernier caliper, accurate to 0.5 mm. 6.1.3.3 Specimens Select the specimens as in 5.1.1.3. 4 Second Edition KEBS 2012 — All rights reserved