Krishna This page intentionally left blank Krishna A Sourcebook Edited by edwin f. bryant 1 2007 1 OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurther OxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellence inresearch,scholarship,andeducation. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright(cid:1)2007byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc. 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016 www.oup.com OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Krishna:asourcebook/editedbyEdwinF.Bryant. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN978-0-19-514891-6;978-0-19-514892-3(pbk.) 1. Krishna(Hindudeity)—Literarycollections. 2. Devotionalliterature,Indic. I. Bryant,Edwin. BL1220.K7332007 294.5'2113—dc22 2006019101 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper Contents Contributors, ix Introduction, 3 PART I Classical Source Material 1. Krishna in the Mahabharata: The Death of Karna, 23 Alf Hiltebeitel 2. Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita, 77 RobertN. Minor 3. The Harivamsa: The Dynasty of Krishna, 95 EkkehardLorenz 4. Krishna in the Tenth Book of the Bhagavata Purana, 111 EdwinF. Bryant PART II Regional Literary Expressions 5. Orissa: Shri Krishna Jagannatha: The Mushali-parva from Sarala’s Mahabharata, 139 Bijoy M. Misra 6. Assam: Shankaradeva’s Parijata Harana Nata, 163 William L.Smith vi contents 7. Tamil Nadu: Weaving Garlands in Tamil: The Poetry of the Alvars, 187 Vasudha Narayanan 8. Maharashtra:GameswithGod:Sakhya-bhaktiinMarathi SantPoetry,205 VidyutAklujkar 9. Braj: Fishing in Sur’s Ocean, 223 John Stratton Hawley 10. Rajasthan: Mirabai and Her Poetry, 241 Nancy M.Martin 11. Gujarat: Govinda’s Glory: Krishna-Lila in the songs of Narasinha Mehta, 255 Neelima Shukla-Bhatt 12. Sanskrit from Tamil Nadu: At Play in the Forests of the Lord: The Gopalavimshati of Vedantadeshika, 285 Steven P. Hopkins PART III Philosophy and Theology 13. Krishna in Advaita Vedanta: The Supreme Brahman in Human Form, 309 Lance E. Nelson 14. Ramanuja and the Meaning of Krishna’s Descent and Embodiment on This Earth, 329 Francis X. Clooney, S.J. 15. Madhva Vedanta and Krishna, 357 DeepakSarma 16. The Six Sandarbhas of Jiva Gosvami, 373 Satyanarayana Dasa 17. A Selection from the Bhaktirasamritasindhu of Rupa Gosvamin: The Foundational Emotions (Sthayi-bhavas), 409 DavidL. Haberman 18. The Divine Feminine in the Theology of Krishna, 441 Graham M.Schweig contents vii PART IV Hagiography and Praxis 19. Kumbhandas: The Devotee as Salt of the Earth, 477 Richard Barz 20. The Bade Shikshapatra: A Vallabhite Guide to the Worship of Krishna’s Divine Images, 505 PaulArney 21. Vaishnava Pilgrimage: Select Puranic Texts, 537 PaulH. Sherbow 22. Chaitanya Vaishnavism and the Holy Names, 549 Neal Delmonico This page intentionally left blank Contributors VidyutAklujkarisaresearchassociateattheCentreforIndiaand SouthAsiaResearchattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Herba- chelor’sandmaster’sdegreeswereinSanskritfromPoonaUniversity, Pune,India,andherPh.D.inPhilosophyisfromtheUniversityof BritishColumbia.ShehastaughtHindi,Indianliterature,andIndian mythologyattheUBC,andSanskritatHarvardUniversity.Herareas ofresearchareepicsinSanskrit,particularlyAnanda-ramayana,and literatureinSanskrit,Hindi,andMarathi.Inadditiontomorethan twenty-fiveresearchpublicationsininternationaljournalsandan- thologies,shehassixbooksoffiction,essays,andtranslationspub- lishedtodate.ShehaseditedabookonGoanKonkaniproverbsandan anthologyofMarathishortstories.In2005,shewashonoredbythe BMMawardofexcellenceforherwritinginMarathibytheBrihan MaharashtraMandalofNorthAmerica.Shehasbeentheco-editor, editor,andnowservesastheconsultingeditorforEkata,thequarterly journalofMarathiliteraturepublishedfromToronto,Canada. Paul Arney was educated at Columbia University and the Austra- lian National University. He is an independent scholar based in Perth, Western Australia. Richard Barz has a Ph.D. in Hindi from the University of Chicago. He is a member of the Faculty of Asian Studies at the Australian National University where he teaches Hindi and Urdu. He is the author of The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhacarya (1992), An Introduc- tion to Hindi and Urdu (2000), and other books and articles on