Knowledge and Religion in Early Modern Europe Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History General Editor Han van Ruler, Erasmus University Rotterdam Founded by Arjo Vanderjagt Editorial Board C. S. Celenza, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore M. Colish, Yale University J. I. Israel, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton A. Koba, University of Tokyo M. Mugnai, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa W. Otten, University of Chicago VOLUME 219 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsih Knowledge and Religion in Early Modern Europe Studies in Honor of Michael Heyd Edited by Asaph Ben-Tov Yaacov Deutsch Tamar Herzig LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover illustration: Prudentia, an etching by Nicolas de Mathonière following Maarten de Vos. From VII Virtutum Theologicarum et Cardinalium Delineationes (Paris, c. 1600–1625). Reproduced by kind permission of the Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel. Sign. 24.1 Geom. 2° (14-6). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Knowledge and religion in early modern Europe : studies in honor of Michael Heyd / edited by Asaph Ben-Tov, Yaacov Deutsch, Tamar Herzig.   pages cm. — (Brill’s studies in intellectual history ; volume 219)  Includes bibliographical references.  ISBN 978-90-04-22564-0 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-23148-1 (e-book) 1. Knowledge, Theory of (Religion)—History. 2. Knowledge, Theory of—Europe—History. I. Ben-Tov, Asaph, editor of compilation. II. Deutsch, Yaacov, editor of compilation. III. Herzig, Tamar, editor of compilation. IV. Heyd, Michael, honouree.  BL51.K6145 2013  001.094—dc23 2012049288 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 0920–8607 ISBN 978-90-04-22564-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-23148-1 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS Acknowledgements  ....................................................................................... ix Note on Contributors .................................................................................... xi Introduction  .................................................................................................... 1 Tamar Herzig PART ONE RELIGION AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE AGE OF THE REFORMATION Eruditio Ancilla Reformationis: Theodore Beza and the Uses of History in the Icones  ................................................................................ 13 Myriam Yardeni General Confession and Self-Knowledge in Early Modern Catholicism  ................................................................................................. 25 Moshe Sluhovsky PART TWO MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE Imagination, Passions, and the Production of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe: From Lipsius to Descartes  .......................... 49 Raz Chen-Morris Love for All: The Medical Discussion of Lovesickness in Jacob Zahalon’s The Treasure of Life (Otzar ha-Ḥayyim)  .......................... 87 Michal Altbauer-Rudnik viii contents PART THREE KNOWLEDGE OF NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS Religious Rituals and Ethnographic Knowledge: Sixteenth-Century Descriptions of Circumcision  ........................... 119 Yaacov Deutsch Islam, Eastern Christianity, and Superstition according to Some Early Modern English Observers  .......................................................... 135 Zur Shalev Pagan Gods in Late Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century German Universities: A Sketch  ............................................................. 153 Asaph Ben-Tov PART FOUR ENLIGHTENMENT AND COUNTER-ENLIGHTENMENT Between Representation and Impersonation: Rousseau on Theatre and Politics ........................................................ 181 David Heyd The Invention of the Counter-Enlightenment: The Case for the Defense  ....................................................................... 205 Joseph Mali Afterword: The Changing Contours of Early Modern Intellectual History  .......................................................................................................... 229 Theodore K. Rabb Michael Heyd: Selected Bibliography  ...................................................... 235 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the course of preparing this volume we have incurred several debts of gratitude, which we acknowledge with great pleasure. From the very start Moshe Sluhovsky offered his advice and encouragement, and assisted us in obtaining the funds required to ensure the publication of this book. This project also benefitted from support by Tel Aviv University. It has been a pleasure to collaborate with Michael Heyd’s former students and colleagues, and we are grateful to all the contributors for their efforts and their patience. Finally, we wish to thank our copy editor Ruth Clements, who has given the individual papers and the collection as a whole an editorial polish. Asaph Ben-Tov Yaacov Deutsch Tamar Herzig