K.J. Lee’s Essential Otolar yngology Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 1 18/08/15 1:59 pm Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. T e authors and the publisher o this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their e orts to provide in orma- tion that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time o publica- tion; however, in view o the possibility o human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication o this work warrants that the in ormation contained herein is in every respect ac- curate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility or any errors or omissions or or the results obtained rom use o the in ormation contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to con rm the in ormation contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product in ormation sheet included in the package o each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the in ormation contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications or administration. T is recommendation is o particular importance in connection with new or in requently used drugs. Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 2 18/08/15 1:59 pm K.J. Lee’s Essential Otolar yngology Head & Neck Surger y Eleventh Edition Edited by YVONNE CHAN, MD, FRCSC, MSc, HBSc Continuing Education & Pro essional Development Director, Department o Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery Assistant Pro essor, University o oronto oronto, Ontario, Canada JOHN C. GODDARD, MD Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery Department o Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery Northwest Permanente, PC Portland, Oregon New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney oronto Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 3 18/08/15 1:59 pm Copyright © 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. 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Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. Contents Contributors xi Pre ace xix Acknowledgments xx Part 1 General Otolaryngology 1 Chapter 1 Syndromes and Eponyms 1 K.J. Lee Chapter 2 Obstructive Sleep Apnea 53 Brian W. Rotenberg Chapter 3 Laser and Radio requency Surgery 68 Natasha Pollak Chapter 4 Anesthesia or Head and Neck Surgery 75 Jessica Feinleib, K.J. Lee Chapter 5 Surgical Hemostasis and Clotting Mechanisms 103 John E. Godwin Chapter 6 Related Neurology and Neurosurgery 118 Daniel Prevedello, Ali O. Jamshidi Chapter 7 T e Chest or EN 137 Allan Rodrigues, K.J. Lee Chapter 8 Nutrition, Fluid, and Electrolytes 158 Marion Couch, Heather Herrington Chapter 9 Antimicrobial T erapy in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery 169 Subinoy Das Chapter 10 Pharmacology and T erapeutics 177 Joseph P. Roche, Carlos S. Ebert v Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 5 18/08/15 1:59 pm vi Contents Chapter 11 HIV 189 Jef Yeung, Yvonne Chan Chapter 12 Granulomatous Diseases o the Head and Neck 202 Janet Chung, Amandeep S. Grewal, Yvonne Chan Part 2 Otology/Neurotology/Audiology 218 Chapter 13 Anatomy o the Ear 218 K.J. Lee, John C. Goddard Chapter 14 Audiology 241 Kathleen C. M. Campbell, James E. Peck Chapter 15 Electrical Response Audiometry 281 Paige M. Pastalove Chapter 16 Vestibular and Balance Disorders 295 Caroline Falls, Philip Lai, David Pothier, John Rutka Chapter 17 Congenital Hearing Loss 314 Seilesh Babu, K.J. Lee Chapter 18 innitus 340 John C. Goddard, T eodore R. McRackan Chapter 19 Hearing Rehabilitation: Surgical and Nonsurgical 345 Natasha Pollak Chapter 20 Cochlear Implants 355 Richard . Miyamoto Chapter 21 Facial Nerve Paralysis 363 Elizabeth H. oh, K.J. Lee Chapter 22 In ections o the emporal Bone 390 Bruce J. Gantz Chapter 23 Nonin ectious Disorders o the Ear 424 John C. Goddard, T eodore R. McRackan Chapter 24 umors o the emporal Bone 435 Bruce J. Gantz Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 6 18/08/15 1:59 pm vii Contents Part 3 Rhinology 450 Chapter 25 Nasal Function and the Evaluation o aste/Smell 450 Jill Mazza, Andrew P. Lane Chapter 26 Paranasal Sinuses: Embryology, Anatomy, Endoscopic Diagnosis, and reatment 460 David W. Kennedy, John M. Lee Chapter 27 T e Nose: Acute and Chronic Sinusitis 491 Yvonne Chan Chapter 28 umors o the Paranasal Sinuses 510 Adam Zanation Chapter 29 Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery 521 Angela M. Donaldson, Vijay K. Anand Part 4 Head and Neck 543 Chapter 30 Salivary Gland Diseases 543 Wojciech Mydlarz, Patrick Ha, David W. Eisele Chapter 31 T e Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus 564 David Eibling Chapter 32 Neck Spaces and Fascial Planes 585 Marion Boyd Gillespie Chapter 33 T yroid and Parathyroid Glands 606 Joseph Scharp , Gregory W. Randolph Chapter 34 Cysts and umors o the Jaw 641 Kris R. Jatana, Courtney Jatana Chapter 35 Carotid Body umors and Vascular Anomalies 656 James Netterville Chapter 36 NM Classi cation in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery 666 T omas G. akoudes Chapter 37 Malignant Melanoma o the Head and Neck 674 Randal S. Weber, T omas J. Ow Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 7 18/08/15 1:59 pm viii Contents Chapter 38 umors o the Larynx 688 Benjamin L. Hodnett, Shilpa Renukuntla, Jonas . Johnson Chapter 39 Carcinoma o the Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus 701 Debra Gonzalez, K. T omas Robbins Chapter 40 T e Role o Chemotherapy or Head and Neck Cancer 727 Krishna A. Rao Chapter 41 Radiation T erapy or Head and Neck Cancer 733 Zain Husain Chapter 42 umor Biology o Head and Neck Cancer 740 Natalia Issaeva, Wendell Yarbrough Chapter 43 Skull Base Surgery 746 Victoria Banuchi, Dennis H. Kraus Part 5 Laryngology 769 Chapter 44 T e Larynx 769 Gayle E. Woodson, Craig Berzo sky Part 6 Pediatrics 808 Chapter 45 Embryology o Cle s and Pouches 808 K.J. Lee, John C. Goddard Chapter 46 Cle Lip and Palate 826 Steven Goudy, David J. Crockett Chapter 47 Pediatric Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery 846 Evan J. Propst, Robin . Cotton Part 7 Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 913 Chapter 48 Facial Plastic Surgery 913 Jamil Asaria, Susan L. an, Peter A. Adamson Chapter 49 Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery 940 Oneida Arosarena Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 8 18/08/15 1:59 pm ix Contents Chapter 50 Craniomaxillo acial rauma 960 Robert M. Kellman Chapter 51 Orbital Fractures 974 David E. E. Holck, Dimitrios Sismanis, Christopher M. DeBacker Chapter 52 Related Ophthalmology 987 K.J. Lee, Flora Levin Part 8 Allergy 993 Chapter 53 Immunology and Allergy 993 Jack H. Krouse Part 9 Review 1044 Chapter 54 Highlights and Pearls 1044 Pardis Javadi, Yvonne Chan, Subinoy Das, K.J. Lee, Ryan Scannell Index 1155 Lee_FM_pi-xx.indd 9 18/08/15 1:59 pm