A Common Rationality: Muʿtazilism in Islam and Judaism © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul ISTANBULER TEXTE UND STUDIEN HERAUSGEGEBEN VOM ORIENT-INSTITUT ISTANBUL BAND 15 © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul A Common Rationality: Muʿtazilism in Islam and Judaism edited by Camilla Adang Sabine Schmidtke David Sklare WÜRZBU RG 2016 ERGON VERLAG WÜRZBURG IN KOMMISSION © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul Umschlaggestaltung: Taline Yozgatian Umschlagbild: Beginn des zweiten Teils der Responsa des Sahl b. al-Faḍl al-Tustarī an ʿAlī b. Sulaymān al-Maqdisī (Handschrift Russian National Library II Firk. Arab. 119, ff. 2b-3a, mit freundlicher Genehmigung) Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. 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Ergon-Verlag GmbH Keesburgstr. 11, D-97074 Würzburg © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul Table of Contents List of Contributors................................................................................................7 Introduction Camilla Adang, Sabine Schmidtke, David Sklare......................................................11 Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbāʾī et son livre al-Maqālāt Hassan Ansari.........................................................................................................21 Abu l-Qāsim al-Balkhī al-Kaʿbī’s Doctrine of the Imāma Racha el-Omari........................................................................................................39 Al-Fārābī und die Muʿtazila Ulrich Rudolph.........................................................................................................59 Ibn al-Khallāl al-Baṣrī and His Œuvre on the Problematic Verses of the Qurʾān Kitāb al-Radd ʿalā al-jabriyya al-qadariyya (Refutation of the Predestinarian Compulsionists) Suleiman A. Mourad...............................................................................................81 Maqāla fī l-radd ʿalā l-Mujbira (MS Najaf) attributed to ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Hamadhānī Hans Daiber..........................................................................................................101 ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Hamadhānī on Body, Soul and Resurrection Margaretha T. Heemskerk.......................................................................................127 Levi ben Yefet and his Kitāb al-Niʿma. Selected Texts David Sklare.........................................................................................................157 Zum textlichen Verhältnis zwischen Kitāb al-Tamyīz von Yūsuf al-Baṣīr und der hebräischen Übersetzung Sefer Maḥkimat Peti am Beispiel der Schlusskapitel des ersten Hauptteils Wolfgang von Abel.................................................................................................217 Yūsuf al-Baṣīr’s First Refutation (Naqḍ) of Abu l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī’s Theology Wilferd Madelung & Sabine Schmidtke..................................................................229 © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS A rare case of biblical “testimonies” to the Prophet Muḥammad in Muʿtazilī literature: Quotations from Ibn Rabban al-Ṭabarī’s Kitāb al-Dīn wa-l-Dawla in Abu l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī’s Ghurar al-adilla, as preserved in a work by al-Ḥimmaṣī al-Rāzī Camilla Adang......................................................................................................297 Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Refutation of the Philosophers Wilferd Madelung..................................................................................................331 Al-Barāhīn al-ẓāhira al-jaliyya ʿalā anna l-wujūd zāʾid ʿalā l-māhiyya by Ḥusām al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Raṣṣās Hassan Ansari.......................................................................................................337 Muʿtazilitische Tendenzen im Kitāb aṭ-Ṭabbāḫ des Samaritaners Abu l-Ḥasan aṣ-Ṣūrī Gerhard Wedel.......................................................................................................349 Muʿtazilī Manuscripts in the Abraham Firkovitch Collection, St. Petersburg. A Descriptive Catalogue Sabine Schmidtke...................................................................................................377 Muʿtazilī Theory in Practice: The Repentance (tawba) of Government Officials in the 4th/10th century Maurice A. Pomerantz...........................................................................................463 Between Muʿtazilism and Mysticism. How much of a Muʿtazilite is Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd? Thomas Hildebrandt..............................................................................................495 Index....................................................................................................................513 © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul List of Contributors Camilla ADANG is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Tel Aviv University. Her fields of specialization include interreligious polemics and classical Islamic religious thought. She is the author of Islam frente a Judaismo. La polémica de Ibn Ḥazm de Córdoba (Madrid 1994) and Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm (Leiden 1996) and is currently preparing a monograph on the creed of Ibn Ḥazm. Hassan ANSARI is currently a doctoral candidate at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris. He is a specialist in classical Islamic theology, particularly Zaydī and Twelver Shīʿī, and has published numerous articles on manuscript dis- coveries, particularly in Yemen and India. His publications include (with Sabine Schmidtke) Khulāṣat al-naẓar. An anonymous Imāmī-Muʿtazilī Treatise (late 6th/12th or early 7th/13th century). Edited with an introduction (Tehran 2006). Together with Wilferd Madelung and Sabine Schmidtke, he is at present preparing a critical edition of Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s Tuḥfat al-mutakallimīn fī l-radd ʿalā l-falāsifa. Hans DAIBER was Professor of Oriental Languages at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Tokyo and the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civi- lization, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He has published extensively on Islamic phi- losophy and theology, on Greek-Syriac-Arabic-Latin translations and on the his- tory of sciences and literature. He is the editor of the series “Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science” and “Aristoteles Semitico-Latinus”. His works include Das theologisch-philosophische System des Muʿammar Ibn ʿAbbād as-Sulamī (gest. 830 n. Chr.) (Beirut / Wiesbaden 1975) and Bibliography of Islamic Philosophy (Leiden 1999). Margaretha T. HEEMSKERK was Lecturer of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the Radboud University, Nijmegen. Her main research interest is the Muʿtazila, with a special focus on the Bahshamiyya. She has published Suffering in the Muʿtazilite Theology. ʿAbd al-Jabbār’s Teaching on Pain and Divine Justice (Leiden 2000) and is currently preparing the edition of Volume Four of Ibn Mattawayh’s Kitāb al- Majmūʿ fī l-Muḥīṭ bi-l-taklīf. Thomas HILDEBRANDT is Lecturer in Arabic and Islamic Studies and coordi- nator of the Graduate Program “Anthropological Foundations and Develop- ments in Christianity and Islam” at the Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg. His PhD dissertation (Bamberg 2005), devoted to the so-called “Neo-Muʿtazila”, has been published as Neo-Muʿtazila? Intention und Kontext im modernen arabischen Umgang mit dem rationalistischen Erbe des Islam (Leiden 2007). Wilferd MADELUNG was for twenty years Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford and is currently affiliated with The Institute of Ismaili © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul 8 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Studies as Senior Research Fellow. He has made significant contributions to modern scholarship on medieval Islamic movements and communities, includ- ing Zaydism, Twelver Shīʿism and Ismāʿīlism and the early Islamic theological movements. His publications include Der Imam al-Qāsim ibn Ibrāhīm und die Glaubenslehre der Zaiditen (Berlin 1965), Religious Trends in Early Islamic Iran (Al- bany 1988), and The Succession to Muḥammad. A study on the early Caliphate (Cam- bridge 1997). His most important articles were collected and republished in two volumes: Religious Schools and Sects in Medieval Islam (London 1985) and Religious and Ethnic Movements in Medieval Islam (Hampshire 1992). He has been awarded the Giorgio Levi Della Vida Award for outstanding contributions to the field of Islamic Studies. Suleiman Ali MOURAD is Assistant Professor of Religion at Smith College (USA). He is the author of Early Islam Between Myth and History: al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (d. 110H/728CE) and the Formation of His Legacy in Classical Islamic Scholarship (Leiden 2005). He has also published extensively on the image of Jesus in the Qurʾān and Islamic tradition. He is recently working on the Tafsīr and theologi- cal works of al-Ḥākim al-Jishumī. Racha EL-OMARI is Assistant Professor of Arabic in the Department of Reli- gious Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She specializes in classical Islamic theology and is currently preparing a monograph on Abu l- Qāsim al-Kaʿbī al-Balkhī for publication. Maurice A. POMERANTZ is currently a doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago. His dissertation concerns the life and letters of the Būyid vizier al- Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād (d. 385/995). His main field of interest is the intellectual history and politics of fourth/tenth century Iran. Ulrich RUDOLPH is Professor of Islamic Studies at Zurich University. He has been a visiting professor at the universities of Tübingen and Aix-en-Provence. He has published extensively on Islamic philosophy and theology. His works inclu- de Al-Māturīdī und die sunnitische Theologie in Samarkand (Leiden 1997) and (with Dominik Perler) Occasionalismus. Theorien der Kausalität im arabisch-islamischen und im europäischen Denken (Göttingen 2000). Sabine SCHMIDTKE is Professor of Islamic Studies at the Free University of Berlin. She is sectional editor (theology & philosophy) of The Encyclopaedia of Is- lam, 3rd ed. (in preparation) and co-founder and -coordinator of the Muʿtazilite Manuscripts Group (established 2003). She has published extensively on Islamic and Jewish intellectual history. Her works include Theologie, Philosophie und Mystik im zwölferschiitischen Islam des 9./15. Jahrhunderts. Die Gedankenwelt des Ibn Abī Ǧumhūr al-Aḥsāʾī (um 838/1434-35 – nach 906/1501) (Leiden 2000) and, together with Reza Pourjavady, A Jewish Philosopher of Baghdad. ʿIzz al-Dawla Ibn Kammūna and his Writings (Leiden 2006). © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul