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Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche Military Societies: Enduring Veterans, 1800 to the Present PDF

528 Pages·1999·3.41 MB·English
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Name /T0426/T0426_FM 09/28/04 10:56AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 1 # 1 Kiowa,Apache,andComancheMilitarySocieties THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Name /T0426/T0426_FM 09/28/04 10:56AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 3 # 3 Enduring Veterans, KIOWA, 1800 to the Present APACHE, AND COMANCHE MILITARY SOCIETIES William C. Meadows UniversityofTexasPress Austin Copyright © 1999 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 1999 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Permissions, University of Texas Press, Box 7819, Austin, TX 78713-7819. ∞ The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (r1997) (Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials). library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Meadows, William C., 1966– Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche military societies : enduring veterans, 1800 to the present / William C. Meadows.—1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-292-75212-1 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Kiowa Indians—Societies, etc. 2. Apache Indians—Societies, etc. 3. Comanche Indians—Societies, etc. 4. Secret societies— Great Plains. 5. Indians of North America—Great Plains—Ethnic identity. I. Title. e99.k5m43 1999 305.897—dc21 98-49958 Meadows cip 1 5/12/05, 2:12 PM Name /T0426/T0426_FM 09/28/04 10:56AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 5 # 5 FormymatrilinealAniyunwiyakin:mymother,JudithA.Meadows Chandler;mygrandmother,VirginiaWallsFisher;mygrandfather, WilliamE.FisherJr.(1916–1993);andmygreat-grandfather,John DavidWalls(1880–1976),whoseknowledge,wisdom,love,and supportguidedmetowardmydestiny.AndformyKiowamother, VanessaPaukeigope(StrucktheEnemyIntheRiver)Jennings, withoutwhomthisworkcouldnothavebeenaccomplished. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Name /T0426/T0426_FM 09/28/04 10:56AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 7 # 7 CONTENTS ListofIllustrations viii ListofTables viii Preface xi Acknowledgments xv PronunciationGuide: TheParkerMcKenzieKiowaLanguageOrthography xvii 1. SodalitiesandPlainsIndianMilitarySocieties 1 2. Ya`pfa`heˆga`u:KiowaMilitarySocietiesto1875 33 3. TheDeclineandRevivalofKiowaMilitarySocieties, 1875tothePresent 96 4. PlainsApacheNaishanMilitarySocieties 177 5. ComancheMilitarySocieties 251 6. ComparisonandConclusions 369 Notes 425 Bibliography 461 Index 491 Name /T0426/T0426_FM 09/28/04 10:56AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 8 # 8 viii Contents ILLUSTRATIONS(followingp.xx) Kiowawomen’sScalpDance,BlackLegsSocietyDance,Anadarko, Oklahoma,1994. KiowaBlackLegsSocietyparadinginAnadarko,Oklahoma,1994. KiowaBlackLegsSoceityparadinginAnadarko,Oklahoma,1993. KiowaBlackLegsSocietyTurn-aroundorReverseDance,Anadarko, Oklahoma,1994. KiowaOhomaLodgePipeDance,Anadarko,Oklahoma,1995. Kiowanamingceremony,KiowaBlackLegsSocietyDance,1992. ApacheSamKlinekoleholdingArchilta’sManatidiestaff,1934. Gonkoncheyhastayyah(ManOverHisCamporManGuardingHisCamp) orApacheJohn,holdingwoodenManatidieSocietywhipin1909. RedboneSocietyHonorDance,ApacheTribalDanceGrounds,Fort Cobb,Oklahoma,1993. ApacheTribeVeteranAssociationMarker. ApacheTribeofOklahomatriballicenseplatedepictingManatidiestaffs anddancers. FourManatidieSocietydancers,1993. Chebatah(LipanApache),aComancheBigHorseSocietywhipman, ca.1930. ComancheWorldWarIveteransbeinghonoredbyComancheelders, ca.1919. Foodbasketsabouttobegivenaway,ComancheWarDanceSociety, Cache,Oklahoma. RollingPony(ManatidiewhipmanandKiowaAgencypoliceman)andwife, 1900. TABLES 1. KiowaMilitarySocietySynonymy 41 2. KiowaMilitarySocietyMembershipandSocialClassCorrelations 45 3. KiowaMilitarySocietyOrganizationalPositions 53 Name /T0426/T0426_FM 09/28/04 10:56AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 9 # 9 Contents ix 4. ApacheMilitarySocietySynonymy 194 5. Reservation-EraApacheStaffKeepers 208 6. ComancheMilitarySocietySynonymyandDivisional Distribution 293

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