BELVEDERE TIBURON LIBRART V 111! 0H86 7608 V ^ » / A r AT I<JDS WORK LEWIS MINE ANDTHECRLLSADE AGAINST CHILD LABOR RLISSELLFREEDMAN 3CI3E* — tti>:iit>.y:> WORK KI DS AT BV RUSSELL FKEEDMAN WITH I'HOTOGRArHS BV LEWIS MINE In the early twentieth century, children were widely employed in factories, mills, mines, and fields across the United States. Laborers as young i as three years old often held jobs, and many chil- dren worked twelve hours or more a day, six days a week. They endured the noise and lint- filled air of cotton mills; dark, narrow coal mines full of stifling dust; the dangers of city streets; and back breaking field work through summer heat and winter frost. The kids' families needed their wages to survive, but working kids lost any chance for a better future. Lewis W. Hine, a schoolteacher and photogra- pher, felt so strongly about the use of children as industrial workers that he became an investiga- tive reporter for the National Child Labor Committee. Hine traveled the United States, tak- ing photographs that were so devastating, they convinced people that the United States needed laws against child labor. Hine's work on behalf of child laborers emphatically proved his conv—iction that seeing is believing. His later projects "Work Portraits" highlighting the importance of human labor in the machine age, and a step-by-step account of the construction of the Empire State Building brought dignity and respect to the American worker. Hine's groundbreaking documentary photography is hailed by modern-day photogra- phers for its content, artistry, and technical skill. Kids at Work is Russell Freedman's vivid account of social reforms that were urgently needed as industrialization transformed — American society interwoven with the story of a man whose life work made significant -d'-^nr- enccs in the lives of others. 081^4594 BELVEDEW TIBURON 3{ir liiMiiiiiiiiiiii! iitiititiiiii iniii I 3 1111 01486 7608 I<;idsatWork LEWIS MINE AND THE CRLISADE AGAINST CHILD LABOR FREEDMAN BV RUSSELL WITH PHOTOGRAPHS BY LEWIS HINE ^ CLARION BOOKS NEW YORK I Newsboy, St. Louis, Missouri, 1910. 1 ^<JDSAT^X^OKK LEWIS MINE AND THE CRUSADE AGAINST CHILD LABOR FREEDMAN BV RUSSELL WITH PHOTOGRAPHS BV LEWIS HINE 5^ CLARION BOOKS NEW YORK Clarion Books a Houghton Mifflin Company imprint 215 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10003 Text copyright © 1994 by Russell Frecdman Photographs by Lewis Hine The photographs were printed as duotones using black and gray ink. Type is 13 point Sabon. All rights reserved. For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company, 215 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10003. Book design by Sylvia Frezzolini Printed in USA Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Freedman, Russell. Kids at work : Lewis Hine and the crusade againstchild labor/ Russell Freedman ; with photographs by Lewis Hines. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-395-58703-4 — — — — 1. Children Employment United States —History Juvenile literature. 2. Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940 Juvenile litera- — — — ture. 3. Social reformers United States Biography Juvenile — — — literature. 4. Photographers United States Biography Juvenile — literature. |1. Children Employment. 2. Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940. 3. Social reformers. 4. Photographers.] I. Hine, Lewis Wickes, 1874-1940. II. Title. HD6250.U3F67 1994 93-5989 — 331.3'1'092 dc20 CIP AC [B] 987654321 HOR 10 'm, For Phil Gerrard, a kid at heart ' OSHKOSH. Young Lewis Mine.