THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK by Rosanna HansEn dLERnER PubLications comPany • minnEaPoLis For Kaylie and Finn, two shining stars in my universe The images in this book are used with the permission of: NASA/JPL, pp. 4, 14, 19, 20, 28, 30, 31, 32 (both), 34 (both), 37, 41 (inset), 48 (both); © Space Frontiers/Taxi/Getty Images, p. 5; © Hulton Archive/Getty Images, pp. 6, 8; © TED ALJIBE/AFP/Getty Images, p. 7; The Granger Collection, New York, p. 9; AP Photo/The Columbus Dispatch, James D. DeCamp, p. 10; NASA, pp. 11, 26; © Laura Westlund/Independent Picture Service, pp. 12-13, 17, 18, 27; © Antonio M. Rosario/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images, p. 15; The International Astronomical Union/Martin Kornmesser, p. 16; © StockTrek/Photodisc/Getty Images, pp. 21, 39; © Ron Miller, p. 22; M. Wong and I. de Pater (University of California, Berkeley), p. 23; © Jafaris Mustafa/Dreamstime.com, p. 24; © Marta Johnson, p. 25; NASA/John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute, p. 29; NASA/HQ/GRIN, pp. 33 (left), 36; © Photodisc/Getty Images, p. 33 (right); © Roger Ressmeyer/CORBIS, p. 35; © Time Life Pictures/NASA/Getty Images, pp. 38, 42; © Michael Benson/Kinetikon Pictures/ CORBIS, p. 40; © Space Frontiers/Hulton Archive/Getty Images, p. 41 (main); © Charlotte Nation/Riser/Getty Images, p. 43; © Denis Scott/CORBIS, p. 46; © Alan Williams/Alamy, p. 47. Front cover: © Antonio M. Rosario/Iconica/Getty Images. Back cover: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Copyright © 2010 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review. Lerner Publications Company A division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 241 First Avenue North Minneapolis, MN 55401 U.S.A. Website address: www.lernerbooks.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hansen, Rosanna. Jupiter / by Rosanna Hansen. p. cm. — (Early bird astronomy) Includes index. ISBN 978–0–7613–4153–6 (lib. bdg. : alk. paper) 1. Jupiter (Planet)—Juvenile literature. I. Title. QB661.H365 2010 523.45—dc22 2008045440 Manufactured in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 – BP – 15 14 13 12 11 10 eISBN: 978-0-7613-5703-2 ccoonntteennttss Be A Word Detective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Chapter 1 caption to come. caption KinG oF tHE PLanEts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 to come. caption to come. caption to come. Chapter 2 tHE FiFtH PLanEt FRom tHE sun . . . . . . . 12 Chapter 3 JuPitER cLosE-uP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 4 JuPitER’s cRoWDED nEiGHboRHooD . . . . .28 Chapter 5 EXPLoRinG JuPitER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 A Note to Adults on Sharing a Book. . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Learn More aboutJupiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 caption to come. caption to come. caption to come. caption to come. 44 BBee aa WWoorrdd ddeetteeccttiivvee Can you find these words as you read about Jupiter? Be a detective and try to figure out what they mean. You can turn to the glossary on page 46 for help. astronomer gas giant spacecraft atmosphere orbit telescope axis rotate crater solar system 55 this statue shows the Roman god Jupiter. Why is the planet Jupiter named for this god? chapter 1 King of the planets Jupiter is often called the king of the planets. It is the biggest planet. All the other planets could easily fit inside Jupiter. It has the name of a king too. The Romans gave Jupiter its name long ago. The Romans believed in many gods. They named Jupiter after the king of their gods. 6666 Jupiter can often be seen in the night sky. When it appears, it shines with a creamy white glow. Jupiter is one of the brightest objects we can see. Only three objects are brighter than Jupiter. These three are the Sun, our Moon, and the planet Venus. the planets Venus (top left) and Jupiter (top right) and a crescent moon (below) were seen unusually close together in the night sky in December 2008. 7 People have watched Jupiter for thousands of years. Four hundred years ago, a scientist named Galileo studied Jupiter. At first, he watched this planet using only his eyes. People had always watched Jupiter that way. Then Galileo learned about the telescope (TEH-luh-skohp). It was a new invention at that time. It made distant things look closer. Galileo wanted to see Jupiter more closely. So he built his own small telescope. Galileo made important discoveries about Jupiter using his telescope. 8