Juniper MX Series Douglas Richard Hanks, Jr. and Harry Reynolds Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Tokyo Juniper MX Series by Douglas Richard Hanks, Jr. and Harry Reynolds Copyright © 2012 Douglas Hanks, Jr., Harry Reynolds. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or [email protected]. Editors: Mike Loukides and Meghan Blanchette Indexer: Bob Pfahler Development Editor: Patrick Ames Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Production Editor: Holly Bauer Interior Designer: David Futato Copyeditor: Absolute Service, Inc. Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest Proofreader: Rachel Leach October 2012: First Edition. Revision History for the First Edition: 2012-09-24 First release See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449319717 for release details. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Juniper MX Series, the image of a tawny-shouldered podargus, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con- tained herein. ISBN: 978-1-449-31971-7 [LSI] 1348575579 Dedicated to my wife and my parents. You guys are the best. Love you. —Douglas I would like to acknowledge my wife, Anita, and our two lovely daughters, Christina and Marissa, for once again understanding and accommodating my desire to engage in this project. And thanks to Doug, that plucky young lad who managed to goad me into engaging in this project when my day job was already rather action-packed. A special thanks to my manager, Andrew Pangelinan at Juniper Networks, for his understanding and support in this project. —Harry Table of Contents About the Authors ........................................................... xv Preface .................................................................... xvii 1. Juniper MX Architecture .................................................. 1 Junos 2 One Junos 3 Software Releases 3 Three Release Cadence 4 Software Architecture 5 Daemons 6 Routing Sockets 11 Juniper MX Chassis 13 MX80 14 Midrange 17 MX240 18 MX480 20 MX960 21 Trio 24 Trio Architecture 25 Buffering Block 26 Lookup Block 27 Interfaces Block 28 Dense Queuing Block 30 Line Cards and Modules 30 Dense Port Concentrator 31 Modular Port Concentrator 32 Packet Walkthrough 41 Modular Interface Card 44 Network Services 46 Switch and Control Board 47 vii Ethernet Switch 48 Switch Fabric 52 J-Cell 55 MX Switch Control Board 57 Enhanced MX Switch Control Board 60 MX2020 61 Architecture 61 Summary 67 Chapter Review Questions 69 Chapter Review Answers 70 2. Bridging, VLAN Mapping, IRB, and Virtual Switches .......................... 71 Isn’t the MX a Router? 71 Layer 2 Networking 73 Ethernet II 73 IEEE 802.1Q 74 IEEE 802.1QinQ 75 Junos Interfaces 77 Interface Bridge Configuration 80 Basic Comparison of Service Provider versus Enterprise Style 80 Service Provider Interface Bridge Configuration 83 Tagging 84 Encapsulation 87 Service Provider Bridge Domain Configuration 91 Enterprise Interface Bridge Configuration 94 Interface Mode 94 VLAN Rewrite 97 Service Provider VLAN Mapping 99 Stack Data Structure 99 Stack Operations 100 Stack Operations Map 103 Tag Count 106 Bridge Domain Requirements 107 Example: Push and Pop 107 Example: Swap-Push and Pop-Swap 109 Bridge Domains 111 Learning Domain 112 Bridge Domain Modes 115 Bridge Domain Options 131 Show Bridge Domain Commands 135 Clear MAC Addresses 137 MAC Accounting 139 Integrated Routing and Bridging 141 viii | Table of Contents