The coupling of reflectance and XRF spectroscopies in the shade determinations of the carmine Admiral issue of Canada (Scott 106) Richard Judge Second International Symposium on Analytical Methods in Philately Chicago, IL Nov 20-22, 2015 Steps used to determine the CIE and Romney parameters Spectrometer and fibre optic used in this study Typical Reflectance Spectrum Primary sampling area for parameter determination Single area reproducibility over a two year period Morris Admiral Colour Guide based on the Munsell Colour Chips Idealized distribution (single area) based on the Morris Colour Chips and a standard deviation from the quality control standard. The 9 sampling areas Summary of the variation of the shade parameters determined from the 9 selected stamp areas.