Journeying along Medieval Routes in Europe and the Middle East MEDIEVAL VOYAGING General Editors Margaret Clunies-Ross, University of Sydney Jonathan Wooding, University of Sydney Editorial Board Alfred Hiatt, Department of English, Queen Mary College, University of London Kim Phillips, Department of History, University of Auckland Suzanne Conklin Akbari, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto John Tolan, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme Ange-Guépin, Université de Nantes Founding Editor Geraldine Barnes, University of Sydney Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back of the book Volume 3 Journeying along Medieval Routes in Europe and the Middle East Edited by Alison L. Gascoigne, Leonie V. Hicks, and Marianne O’Doherty British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. © 2016, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. D/2016/0095/55 ISBN: 978-2-503-54173-0 e-ISBN: 978-2-503-54203-4 Printed on acid-free paper Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgements xi Medi eval Routes: Journeys through Space and Scholarship MARIANNE O’DOHERTY, ALISON L. GASCOIGNE, and LEONIE V. HICKS xii Part 1. The Way through the Book: Routes around the Holy Land Framing Sanctity: The Staging of Holy Places as Initiation for Christian Pilgrimage in Constantinian Jerusalem RALF BOCKMANN 25 Routes to Salvation: Travelling through the Holy Land, 1187–1291 E. J. MYLOD 51 Part 2. Migrants, Colonizers, Travellers, and Geographers in the Landscapes of Southern Italy Problems and Patterns in Medi eval Migration: The Case of Southern Italy (1000–1200) PAUL OLDFIELD 89 Journeys and Landscapes of Conquest: Normans Travelling to and in Southern Italy and Sicily LEONIE V. HICKS 115 vi Contents Routes in Southern Italy in the Geographical Works of al-Idrīsī JEAN-CHARLES DUCèNE 143 Part 3. The Route and the Journey: Problems in the Reconstruction of Itineraries and Routes in North-West Europe Routes around the Royal Pfalz of Dornburg on the River Saale, central Germany, in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries PIERRE FüTTERER 169 Road Networks, Communications, and the Teutonic Order: A Case Study from Medi eval Thuringia CHRISTIAN OERTEL 205 The Itinerary of Edward I of England: Pleasure, Piety, and Governance JULIE E. CROCKFORD 231 Making Space for King John to Pray: The Evidence of the Royal Itinerary PAUL WEBSTER 259 Index 287 List of Illustrations Figures Figure 1, p. 30. The fourth-century Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Figure 2, p. 34. A schematic plan of fourth-century Jerusalem with the location of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre inside the Roman city walls, and its surroundings. Figure 3, p. 176. Dornburg c. 1650; etching by Wilhelm Richter, in Zeiler, Topo- graphia Superioris Saxoniae, Thüringiae, fols 42–43 bis. Figure 4, p. 183. Maps from 1952–57 and 1900–45, indicating the routes of hollow ways in the vicinity of Dornburg Figure 5, p. 194. Ceramic finds from the area ‘In der alten Stadt’. Figure 6, p. 218. The morpho logy of traces of hollow way (sunken road) types Kastenhohlweg and Muldenhohlweg. Figure 7, p. 219. Traces of a Kastenhohlweg (near Unterkoskau) and a Mulden- hohlweg (between Lauterbach and Süßebach) in the lands cape. Figure 8, p. 222. The ravine system between Buchwald and Reichenbach. viii List of Illustrations Maps Map 1, p. 36. Fourth-century pilgrim routes. Map 2, p. 54. The core area under Latin control during the period 1187–1291. Map 3, p. 61. Twelfth-century pilgrim routes around the Holy Land. Map 4, p. 61. Thirteenth-century pilgrim routes around the Holy Land. Map 5, p. 66. Distribution of site types along the coast. Map 6, p. 71. Distribution of site types in Galilee. Map 7, p. 170. The political core areas and principal palaces of Ottonian ruler- ship in Germany. Map 8, p. 173. The contrasting layouts of Pöhlde and Tilleda, two different types of palace. Map 9, p. 178. The topography of Dornburg. Map 10, p. 181. Overview of Dornburg with previous and subsequent resi- dences in Thuringia and Eastern Saxony. Map 11, p. 185. Sunken roads and the evidence enabling their identification in the vicinity of Dornburg. Map 12, p. 186. A reconstruction of the local road system of the tenth and eleventh century in the vicinity of Dornburg. Map 13, p. 189. A reconstruction of the road network of the tenth and eleventh century in the wider region around Dornburg. Map 14, p. 192. The road network in the immediate vicinity of Dornburg and the suggested area of the royal Pfalz. Map 15, p. 208. The territories of the Teutonic Order and its properties in Germany (c. 1350). Map 16, p. 214. The reconstructed roads between the properties of the Teu- tonic Order in the Vogtland, including the Frankenstraße. Map 17, p. 244. Route of Edward I’s tour of Scotland, 5 July–2 August 1291. List of Illustrations ix Map 18, p. 260. The Angevin Empire c. 1199. Map 19, p. 268. Notable locations where John was present on major feast days or Sundays dur ing Lent and Easter, and on or around feast days of the Virgin Mary, 1199–1216. Map 20, p. 273. Royal residences where John maintained chapels. Map 21, p. 278. Distribution of religious houses where John might have expec- ted prayers, 1199–1216. Map 22, p. 279. John’s itinerary in Normandy in June 1200. Charts Chart 1, p. 243. Visits of various lengths as a percentage of total visits (n=1231) during selected years of Edward I’s reign. Chart 2, p. 244. Percentage of time spent by region during selected years of Edward I’s reign (n=4171 days in total). Tables Table 1, p. 56. Thirteenth-century pilgrim guides. Table 2, p. 147. European space divided by climates and sections, according to al-Idrīsī. Table 3, p. 180. Royal stays at Dornburg with details of the courts visited before and afterwards. Table 4, p. 238. Recorded days, selected years of Edward I’s reign. Table 5, p. 241. Distance travelled during selected years of Edward I’s reign. Table 6, p. 245. The most frequented locations during selected years of Edward I’s reign.