Volume 177 JANUARY-JUNE 1998 The Journal of Infectious Diseases An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America EDITORS & STAFF Ann M. Arvin, Stanford, California Martin J. Blaser, Nashville, Tennessee Marvin Turck, Editor Petter Brandtzaeg, Oslo, Norway Lawrence Corey, Associate Editor José Campos, Madrid, Spain Denise A. Galloway, Associate Editor John E. Edwards, Jr., Torrance, California Adam P. Geballe, Associate Editor Kathryn M. Edwards, Nashville, Tennessee Samuel I. Miller, Associate Editor Anne A. Gershon, New York, New York Steve L. Moseley, Associate Editor Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia Henry Rosen, Associate Editor Scott B. Halstead, New York, New York Walter E. Stamm, Associate Editor Tapani Hovi, Helsinki, Finland Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Associate Editor Robert B. Jones, Indianapolis, Indiana Christopher B. Wilson, Associate Editor Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Ulm, Germany Jacqueline K. Benedetti, Statistical Editor P. Helena Makela, Helsinki, Finland James P. Hughes, Statistical Editor Gerald L. Mandell, Charlottesville, Virginia Donna Z. Mirkes, Assistant Editor David Mirelman, Rehovot, Israel Marie Leonard, Research Publications Production Robert S. Munford, Dallas, Texas Editor William M. Nauseef, lowa City, lowa Claudia C. Chesley, Research Publications Editor Harold C. Neu, New York, New York Susan A. Balestreri, Research Publications Editor Matthew Pollack, Bethesda, Maryland Cynthia A. Metzger, Manuscript Coordinator Thomas C. Quinn, Baltimore, Maryland Jean M. Ferguson, Manuscript Coordinator Jack S. Remington, Palo Alto, California W. John Poll, Manuscript Assistant Allan B. Rickinson, Birmingham, United Kingdom Jan M. Silver, Proofreader Allan Ronald, Winnipeg, Canada Arnold L. Smith, Columbia, Missouri EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Frederick S. Southwick, Gainesville, Florida Jacques F. Acar, Paris, France Nicholas J. White, Bangkok, Thailand Miriam J. Alter, Atlanta, Georgia Richard J. Whitley, Birmingham, Alabama All rights reserved THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS LTD., LONDON SWI © 1998 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PUBLISHED MONTHLY PRINTED IN USA The Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 177. © Number 1 January 1998 | = Tribute 40 Use of Changes in Plasma Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type | RNA to Assess the 1 William M. M. Kirby, M.D., 1914-1997 Clinical Benefit of Antiretroviral Therapy Robert G. Petersdorf Ian C. Marschner, Ann C. Collier, Robert W. Coombs, Richard T. D’Aquila, Victor DeGruttola, Margaret A. Fischl, Scott M. Hammer, Workshop Report Michael D. Hughes, Victoria A. Johnson, 3 Summary of the International Conference on Emerging David A. Katzenstein, Douglas D. Richman, Infectious Diseases US-Japan Cooperative Medical Laura M. Smeaton, Stephen A. Spector, and Science Program, Bangkok, 1997 Michael S. Saag Adel A. F. Mahmoud, John La Montagne, and 48 A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Valaciclovir Yoshifumi Takeda Prophylaxis for Cytomegalovirus Disease in Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Judith E. Feinberg, Shelley Hurwitz, David Cooper, Major Articles Fred R. Sattler, Rob Roy MacGregor, William Powderly, Gary N. Holland, Paul D. Griffiths, 5 HLA-DR Class II Associations with Rubella Vaccine Richard B. Pollard, Michael Youle, M. John Gill, Induced Joint Manifestations Fiona J. Holland, Maureen E. Power, Susan Owens, Leslie Ann Mitchell, Aubrey J. Tingle, Dion Coakley, John Fry, and Mark A. Jacobson for the Laurie MacWilliam, Cathy Horne, Paul Keown, AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 204/Glaxo Lakshmi K. Gaur, and Gerald T. Nepom Wellcome 123-014 International CMV Prophylaxis 13 Hospitalizations Associated with Rotavirus Diarrhea in Study Group the United States, 1993 through 1995: Surveillance Based 57 The Effect of Valaciclovir on Cytomegalovirus Viremia on the New ICD-9-CM Rotavirus-Specific Diagnostic and Viruria Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Code Patients with Advanced Human !mmunodeficiency Virus Umesh D. Parashar, Robert C. Holman, Disease Matthew J. Clarke, Joseph S. Bresee, P. D. Griffiths, J. E. Feinberg, J. Fry, C. Sabin, L. Dix, and Roger I. Glass D. Gor, A. Ansari, and V. C. Emery for the AIDS Mucosally Transmitted Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Trials Group Protocol 204/Glaxo Wellcome Induces a CD8* Antiviral Response that Correlates with 123-014 International CMV Prophylaxis Study Group Reduction of Cell-Associated Virus 5 Evidence of Nef Truncation in Human Immunodeficiency Joseph G. Bucci, Robert V. English, Holly L. Jordan, Virus Type 2 Infection Tedd A. Childers, Mary B. Tompkins, and William M. Switzer, Stefan Wiktor, Vincent Soriano, Wayne A. F. Tompkins Antonio Silva-Graga, Kamal Mansinho, Induction of Th2 Cytokine Expression for p27-Specific Issa-Malik Coulibaly, Ehounou Ekpini, IgA B Cell Responses after Targeted Lymph Node Alan E. Greenberg, Thomas M. Folks, Immunization with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and Walid Heneine Antigens in Rhesus Macaques Persistent Infection by Helicobacter pylori Down- Shigetada Kawabata, Christopher J. Miller, Modulates Virus-Specific CD8~ Cytotoxic T Cell Thomas Lehner, Kohtaro Fujihashi, Mitsuru Kubota, Response and Prolongs Viral Infection Jerry R. McGhee, Koichi Imaoka, Takachika Hiroi, Mutsunori Shirai, Tatsumi Arichi, Teruko Nakazawa, and Hiroshi Kiyono and Jay A. Berzofsky 34 Cell-Free Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type | in Complement Activation in Patients with Sepsis Is in Part Breast Milk Mediated by C-Reactive Protein Paul Lewis, Ruth Nduati, Joan K. Kreiss, Gert-Jan Wolbink, Ailko W. J. Bossink, Grace C. John, Barbra A. Richardson, A. B. Johan Groeneveld, Marcel C. M. de Groot, Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha, Jeckoniah Ndinya-Achola, Lambertus G. Thijs, and C. Erik Hack and Julie Overbaugh Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Produce Intestinal Increase in Endocervical CD4 Lymphocytes among Inflammation and Growth Impairment and Cause Women with Nonulcerative Sexually Transmitted Interleukin-8 Release from Intestinal Epithelial Cells Diseases T. S. Steiner, A. A. M. Lima, J. P. Nataro, and William C. Levine, Victoria Pope, Asha Bhoomkar, R. L. Guerrant Pradnya Tambe, Joel S. Lewis, Akbar A. Zaidi, Carol E. Farshy, Shannon Mitchell, and papG Alleles of Escherichia coli Strains Causing First- Deborah F. Talkington Episode or Recurrent Acute Cystitis in Adult Women James R. Johnson, Thomas A. Russo, Recombinant Murine Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Jennifer J. Brown, and Ann Stapleton Factor Protects against Acute Disseminated Candida albicans \nfection in Nonneutropenic Mice Differences in N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Alanine Amidase and Bart Jan Kullberg, Mihai G. Netea, Jo H. A. J. Curfs, Lysozyme in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Monique Keuter, Jacques F. G. M. Meis, and with Bacterial Meningitis Jos W. M. van der Meer Maarten A. Hoijer, Ronaid de Groot, Leo van Lieshout, Bart C. Jacobs, Marie-José Melief, and Pneumocystis carinii Glycoprotein A Inhibits Surfactant Maarten P. Hazenberg Phospholipid Secretion by Rat Alveolar Type II Cells Gregg Y. Lipschik, John F. Treml, Sean D. Moore, and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Michael F. Beers Induces Activation and Restores Respiratory Burst Activity in Monocytes from Septic Patients Protection against Leishmania major Challenge Infection Marc A. Williams, Sean A. White, Jessica J. Miller, in Mice Vaccinated with Live Recombinant Parasites Christopher Toner, Stuart Withington, Expressing a Cytotoxic Gene Adrian C. Newland, and Stephen M. Kelsey Anthony Muvombwe, Martin Olivier, Pierrot Harvie, Michel G. Bergeron, Marc Ouellette, and Effects of Nitric Oxide on Chemotaxis and Endotoxin- Barbara Papadopoulou Induced Interleukin-8 Production in Human Neutrophils Christiane C. Corriveau, Patricia J. Madara, Recombinant cDNA Clones for Immunodiagnosis of Alan L. Van Dervort, Margaret M. Tropea, Strongyloidiasis Robert A. Wesley, and Robert L. Danner Srinivasan Ramachandran, Robert W. Thompson, Albert A. Gam, and Franklin A. Neva Nonselective versus Selective Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Experimental Endotoxic Shock Lucas Liaudet, Anne Rosselet, Marie-Denise Schaller, Concise Communications Michele Markert, Claude Perret, and Francois Feihl 204 Genetic Analysis of Measles Viruses Isolated in the 3 Susceptibility to Leprosy Is Linked to the Human United States, 1995-1996 NRAMP!] Gene Jennifer S. Rota, Paul A. Rota, Susan B. Redd, Laurent Abel, Fabio O. Sanchez, Jean Oberti, Stephen C. Redd, Sirima Pattamadilok, and Nguyen V. Thuc, Le Van Hoa, Vu D. Lap, William J. Bellini Emil Skamene, Philippe H. Lagrange, and Erwin Schurr Prior Infection with Cytomegalovirus Is Not a Major Risk Factor for Angiographically Demonstrated Coronary The Impact of Penicillinase on Cefamandole Treatment Artery Atherosclerosis and Prophylaxis of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Stuart P. Adler, Jae Kyun Hur, Jian Ben Wang, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus George W. Vetrovec ‘ok-Ai Que, José-M. Entenza, Patrick Francioli, and Philippe Moreillon Human Herpesvirus 8 Detection in Nasal Secretions and Saliva Listeriosis Outbreak Associated with the Consumption of David J. Blackbourn, Evelyne T. Lennette, Rillettes in France in 1993 John Ambroziak, Dan V. Mourich, and Jay A. Levy Véronique Goulet, Jocelyne Rocourt, Isabelle Rebiere, Christine Jacquet, Colette Moyse, Patrick Dehaumont, A Rapid Assay to Screen for Drug-Resistant Herpes Gilles Salvat, and Pierre Veit Simplex Virus P. Tebas, D. Scholl, J. Jollick, K. McHarg, M. Arens, Enhanced Control of an Outbreak of Mycoplasma and P. D. Olivo pneumoniae Pneumonia with Azithromycin Prophylaxis Jeffrey D. Klausner, Douglas Passaro, Jon Rosenberg, Immunogenicity of Live Attenuated SA14-14-2 Japanese W. Lanier Thacker, Deborah F. Talkington, Encephalitis Vaccine—A Comparison of 1- and 3-Month S. Benson Werner, and Duc J. Vugia Immunization Schedules T. F. Tsai, Yu Yong-Xin, Jia Li Li, Ravithat Putvatana, Zhang Ran, Wang Shougui, and Scott B. Halstead 224 Association of CD4 Celli Depletion and Elevated Blood 247 Virulence and Colonization-Associated Properties of and Seminal Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Children and Type | (HIV-1) RNA Concentrations with Genital Ulcer Adolescents Disease in HIV-1—Infected Men in Malawi Janet Celik, Bin Su, Urban Tirén, Yigael Finkel, John R. Dyer, Joseph J. Eron, Irving F. Hoffman, Ann-Cathrin Thoresson, Lars Engstrand, Peter Kazembe, Pietro L. Vernazza, Eniffa Nkata, Bengt Sandstedt, Sverker Bernander, Celine Costello Daly, Susan A. Fiscus, and and Staffan Normark Myron S. Cohen Determinants of Rifabutin-Associated Uveitis in Patients Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Human Treated with Rifabutin, Clarithromycin, and Ethambutol for Mycobacterium avium Complex Bacteremia: A Immunodeficiency Virus Type | Dual Infections Caused Multivariate Analysis by Viruses of Subtypes B and C Stephen D. Shafran, Joel Singer, Donald P. Zarowny, Luiz M. Janini, Amilcar Tanuri, Mauro Schechter, Jean Deschénes, Peter Phillips, Fernand Turgeon, Jose M. Peralta, Ana C. P. Vicente, Nick Dela Torre, Fred Y. Aoki, Emil Toma, Mark Miller, Norman J. Pieniazek, Chi-cheng Luo, Artur Ramos, Raymond Duperval, Claude Lemieux, and Vincent Soriano, Gerald Schochetman, Walter F. Schlech III, for the Canadian HIV Trials Mark A. Rayfield, and Danuta Pieniazek Network Protocol 010 Study Group A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ranitidine in Patients with Antibody Response to the 60-kDa Chlamydial Heat-Shock Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Protein Is Associated with Scarring Trachoma John A. Bartlett, Paul S. Berry, K. Wayne Bockman, Rosanna W. Peeling, Robin L. Bailey, Allan Stein, Judy Johnson, Shannon Graham, David J. Conway, Martin J. Holland, Joseph Quinn, Ralph DeMasi, and Alison E. Campbell, Ousman Jallow, W. James Alexander Hilton C. Whittle, and David C. W. Mabey Residual Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type | RNA in 260 Cryptococcal Glucuronoxylomannan Induces Interleukin Lymphoid Tissue of Patients with Sustained Plasma RNA (IL)-8 Production by Human Microglia but Inhibits of <200 Copies/mL Neutrophil Migration toward IL-8 Alain Lafeuillade, Lionel Choliet, Gilles Hittinger, Myriam M. Lipovsky, Genva Gekker, Shuxian Hu, Nérina Profizi, Olivier Costes, and Cécile Poggi Laura C. Ehrlich, Andy I. M. Hoepelman, and Phillip K. Peterson Proliferative and Cytokine Responses of Human T Lymphocytes Isolated from Human Immunodeficiency Correspondence Virus—Infected Patients to the Major Surface Glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii 264 Mutations and Deletions within the Hepatitis B Virus Sue A. Theus, Niraj Sawhney, A. George Smulian, and Core Antigen and Locations of B Cell Recognition Sites Peter D. Walzer Matti Sallberg and Catharina Hultgren Cytokines in Murine Lyme Carditis: Thl Cytokine 264 Reply Expression Follows Expression of Proinflammatory William F. Carman, Winifred Boner, Cytokines in a Susceptible Mouse Strain Giovanna Fattovich, Kathryn Colman, Mittie Kelleher Doyle, Sam R. Telford III, Edward S. Dornan, Mark Thursz, and Lisa Criscione, Shin Ru Lin, Andrew Spielman, Stephanos Hadziyannis and Ellen M. Gravallese 265 Nucleotide Sequence at Position 1081 of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Gene in the Mumps Urabe Vaccine Strain M. A. Afzal, P. J. Yates, and P. D. Minor 267 Notices Volume 177. © Number 2 February 1998 Major Articles 331 Production of 6-Chemokines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Evidence that 269 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Affects Pulmonary Function High Levels of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1@ Are in BALB/c Mice Associated with a Decreased Risk of HIV Sandrijn M. van Schaik, Goran Enhorning, Ida Vargas, Disease Progression and Robert C. Welliver Henrik Ullum, Alessandro Cozzi Lepri, Jette Victor, 277 Protective Efficacy of a Live Attenuated Vaccine against Hassan Aladdin, Andrew N. Phillips, Jan Gerstoft, Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever Peter Skinhoj, and Bente Klarlund Pedersen Julio I. Maiztegui, Kelly T. McKee, Jr., thy/liv-SCID-hu Mice: A System for Investigating the In Julio G. Barrera Oro, Lee H. Harrison, Vivo Effects of Multidrug Therapy on Plasma Viremia Paul H. Gibbs, Maria R. Feuillade, Delia A. Enria, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Ana M. Briggiler, Silvana C. Levis, Ana M. Ambrosio, Lymphoid Tissues Neal A. Halsey, Clarence J. Peters, and Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Tobias R. Kollmann, the AHF Study Group Nikos F. Katopodis, Christina Raker, Ana Kim, Two Major Antigenic Polypeptides of Molluscum Sergey Yurasov, Hugh Wiltshire, and Harris Goldstein Contagiosum Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type | Envelope Protein Takahiro Watanabe, Shigeru Morikawa, Kenji Suzuki, gp120 Impairs Intracellular Antifungal Mechanisms in Tatsuo Miyamura, Kunihiko Tamaki, and Human Monocytes Yoshiaki Ueda Donatella Pietrella, Claudia Monari, Cinzia Retini, Chronic Uveitis in Guinea Pigs Infected with Varicella- Barbara Palazzetti, Francesco Bistoni, and Zoster Virus Expressing Escherichia coli G-Galactosidase Anna Vecchiarelli Jeffrey I. Cohen, Yun Wang, Robert Nussenblatt, Comparative Evaluation of the Cytomegalovirus DNA Stephen E. Straus, and John J. Hooks Load in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Plasma of Cytotoxic T Cell and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Infected Subjects Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type | Envelope with a Guy Boivin, Julie Handfield, Emil Toma, Combination Vaccine Regimen Gilles Murray, Richard Lalonde, and Lawrence Corey, M. Juliana McElrath, Kent Weinhold, Michel G. Bergeron Thomas Matthews, Donald Stablein, Barney Graham, Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Michael Keefer, David Schwartz, Geoffrey Gorse, and Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency the AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group Virus (HIV)—Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Analysis of Intercurrent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Men Type | Infections in Phase | and II Trials of Candidate Joel M. Palefsky, Elizabeth A. Holly, Mary L. Ralston, AIDS Vaccines and Naomi Jay Barney S. Graham, M. Juliana McElrath, Association of Intrastrain Phase Variation in Quantity of Ruth I. Connor, David H. Schwartz, Capsular Polysaccharide and Teichoic Acid with the Geoffrey J. Gorse, Michael C. Keefer, Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Mark J. Mulligan, Thomas J. Matthews, Jean O. Kim and Jeffrey N. Weiser Steven M. Wolinsky, David C. Montefiori, Sten H. Vermund, John S. Lambert, Lawrence Corey, Stability of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Robert B. Belshe, Raphael Dolin, Peter F. Wright, Genotypes Isolated from Long-Term—Colonized Patients Bette T. Korber, Mark C. Wolff, Patricia E. Fast, the Marc J. M. Bonten, Mary K. Hayden, AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group, and the Correlates of Catherine Nathan, Thomas W. Rice, and HIV Immune Protection Group Robert A. Weinstein Association between Culturable Human immunodeficiency Investigational Vaccine for Escherichia coli 0157: Phase Virus Type | (HIV-1) in Semen and HIV-1 RNA Levels in 1 Study of 0157 O-Specific Polysaccharide— Semen and Blood: Evidence for Compartmentalization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recombinant Exoprotein A HIV-1 between Semen and Blood Conjugates in Adults Robert W. Coombs, Carl E. Speck, James P. Hughes, Edward Y. Konadu, James C. Parke, Jr., Hung T. Tran, Willa Lee, Reigran Sampoleo, Susan O. Ross, Dolores A. Bryla, John B. Robbins, and Joan Dragavon, Greg Peterson, Thomas M. Hooton, Shousun C. Szu Ann C. Collier, Lawrence Corey, Laura Koutsky, and Limulus Antilipopolysaccharide Factor Prevents Mortality John N. Krieger Late in the Course of Endotoxemia Robert I. Roth, Donghui Su, Alice H. Child, Norman R. Wainwright, and Jack Levin Immune Evasion by Tickborne and Host-Adapted Studies of the Role for NSP4 in the Pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi Homologous Murine Rotavirus Diarrhea Aravinda M. de Silva, Erol Fikrig, Emir Hodzic, Juana Angel, Baozhang Tang, Ningguo Feng, Fred S. Kantor, Sam R. Telford III, and Harry B. Greenberg, and Dorsey Bass Stephen W. Barthold 59 Adenovirus Infection in Adult Orthotopic Liver Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Transplant Recipients: Incidence and Clinical Significance Patients with Lyme Neuroborreliosis Donnie McGrath, Matthew E. Falagas, George Perides, Michael E. Charness, Richard Freeman, Richard Rohrer, Ralph Fairchild, Linda M. Tanner, Olivier Péter, Norbert Satz, Christine Colbach, and David R. Snydman Allen C. Steere, and Mark S. Klempner Relationship of Serum Antibody to Risk of Respiratory Cosegregation of a Novel Bartonella Species with Syncytial Virus Infection in Elderly Adults Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in Peromyscus Ann R. Falsey and Edward E. Walsh leucopus Safety and Immunogenicity of a Purified F Protein E. K. Hofmeister, C. P. Kolbert, A. S. Abdulkarim, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (PFP-2) Vaccine in J. M. H. Magera, M. K. Hopkins, J. R. Uhl, Seropositive Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A, Ambyaye, S. R. Telford III, F. R. Cockerill HI, Jessie R. Groothuis, Susan J. King, and D. H. Persing Debbie A. Hogerman, Peter R. Paradiso, and 7 Molecular Amplification Assays to Detect Chlamydial Eric A. F. Simoes Infections in Urine Specimens from High School Female CD8 Cell Noncytotoxic Antiviral Activity in Human Students and to Monitor the Persistence of Chlamydial Immunodeficiency Virus—Infected and —Uninfected DNA after Therapy Children Charlotte A. Gaydos, Kimberly A. Crotchfelt, Jay A. Levy, Frank Hsueh, David J. Blackbourn, M. Rene Howell, Susan Kralian, Patricia Hauptman, Diane Wara, and Peggy S. Weintrub and Thomas C. Quinn High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Load Do In Vitro Susceptibility Data Predict the Microbiologic in the Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Response to Amphotericin B? Results of a Prospective Lymphocytic Meningitis Study of Patients with Candida Fungemia Lynn Morris, Eli Silber, Pamela Sonnenberg, M. Hong Nguyen, Cornelius J. Clancy, Victor L. Yu, Shaun Eintracht, Stephina Nvoka, Susan F. Lyons, Yue C. Yu, Arthur J. Morris, David R. Snydman, David Saffer, Hendrik Koornhof, and Deanna A. Sutton, and Michael G. Rinaldi Desmond J. Martin The Repetitive Domain of Trypanosoma cruzi trans- Lymph Node Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Sialidase Enhances the Immune Response against the Levels and Resistance Mutations in Patients Receiving Catalytic Domain High-Dose Saquinavir Carlos A. Buscaglia, Oscar Campetella, Jonathan M. Schapiro, Mark A. Winters, Mark Vierra, Maria S. Leguizamon, and Alberto C. C. Frasch Shannon Crawford, and Thomas C. Merigan Plasmodium falciparum Antigen—Induced Human Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Immunodeficiency Virus Type | Replication Is Mediated Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Seropositivity among Male through Induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Factory Workers in Zimbabwe Lihua Xiao, Sherry M. Owen, Donna L. Rudolph, Lovemore Gwanzura, William McFarland, Renu B. Lal, and AltafA . Lal D’Anna Alexander, Rae Lyn Burke, and David Katzenstein Identification and Characterization of Herpes Simplex Concise Communications Virus—Specific CD4* T Cells in Corneas of Herpetic Stromal Keratitis Patients 446 Neuropathogenesis Induced by Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Georges M. G. M. Verjans, Lies Remeijer, in Fetal Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Robert S. van Binnendijk, José G. C. Cornelissen, Alice F. Tarantal, M. Shahriar Salamat, Hennie J. Vélker-Dieben, Seerp G. Baarsma, and William J. Britt, Paul A. Luciw, Andrew G. Hendrickx, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus and Peter A. Barry Doxycycline Reduces Mortality to Lethal Endotoxemia by 451 CD4 T Lymphocytes from Patients with Chronic Fatigue Reducing Nitric Oxide Synthesis via an Interleukin-10 Syndrome Have Decreased Interferon-y Production and Independent Mechanism Increased Sensitivity to Dexamethasone Pietro D'Agostino, Marzia La Rosa, Caterina Barbera, Jeroen Visser, Bep Blauw, Boudewijn Hinloopen, Francesco Arcoleo, Gloria Di Bella, Salvatore Milano, Emile Brommer, E. Ronald de Kloet, Cornelis Kluft, and Enrico Cillari and Lex Nagelkerken Trends in Antimicrobial Drug Use in the Community— 515 TNP-470 Is an Effective Antimicrosporidial Agent France, 1981-1992 Christina Coyle, Michael Kent, Herbert B. Tanowitz, Didier Guillemot, Patrick Maison, Claude Carbon, Murray Wittner, and Louis M. Weiss Beverley Balkau, Francoise Vauzelle-Kervroédan, Catherine Sermet, Gilles Bouvenot, and Correspondence Eveline Eschwege 519 Cytomegalovirus Monitoring by Culture of Urine and New Zealand Epidemic of Meningococcal Disease Throat Swabs from Japanese Children Undergoing Identified by a Strain with Phenotype B:4:P1.4 Autologous Bone Marrow or Peripheral Blood Progenitor Diana R. Martin, Susan J. Walker, Michael G. Baker, Cell or Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation and Diana R. Lennon Satoshi Kawasaki, Hiroshi Suzuki, Katsumi Mizuta, Mechanism of Salicylate-Mediated Inhibition of Biofilm Masue Imaizumi, and Tasuke Konno in Staphylococcus epidermidis Eugene Muller, Jazila Al-Attar, Arlene G. Wolff; and Reply Bruce F. Farber Holger Hebart, Jiirgen Loffler, Gerhard Jahn, and Hermann Einsele Field Inversion Gel Electrophoresis as a Typing System for Group A Streptococcus Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Human Judith M. Martin, Ellen R. Wald, and Michael Green Herpesvirus 8 Sequences in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas The Neutral Cysteine Proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica Mario Luppi, Patrizia Barozzi, Roberto Marasca, Degrades IgG and Prevents Its Binding Marco Savarino, and Giuseppe Torelli Vinh Q. Tran, D. Scott Herdman, Bruce E. Torian, and Sharon L. Reed Notices Molecular Analysis of Plasmodium vivax Relapses Using the MSP1 Molecule as a Genetic Marker Instructions for Authors Karin Kirchgatter and Hernando A. del Portillo Volume 177 © Number 3 March 1998 Major Articles Mother-Child Class I HLA Concordance Increases Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 523 Generation of aN ude Mouse Tumor Model for In Vivo Transmission Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus Kelly S. MacDonald, Joanne Embree, Simon Njenga, Gregory S. Pari, Dale Netski, Stephen St. Jeor, Nico J. D. Nagelkerke, Irene Negatia, Donna McCarthy, Jean Smith, Diana Georgio, and Zeena Mohammed, Brian H. Barber, Eric von Hofe Jeckoniah Ndinya-Achola, Job Bwayo, and 529 Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Hantaviruses in Francis A. Plummer Argentina Maternal Viral Genotypic Zidovudine Resistance and Silvana Levis, Sergey P. Morzunov, Joan E. Rowe, Infrequent Failure of Zidovudine Therapy to Prevent Delia Enria, Noemi Pini, Gladys Calderon, Perinatal Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Martha Sabattini, and Stephen C. St. Jeor Virus Type | in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 539 Association of Antibody to GB Virus C (Hepatitis G Protocol 076 Virus) with Viral Clearance and Protection from P. Scott Eastman, David E. Shapiro, Reinfection Robert W. Coombs, Lisa M. Frenkel, David L. Thomas, David Vlahov, Harvey J. Alter, George D. McSherry, Paula Britto, Steven A. Herman, Jeffrey C. Hunt, Ronald Marshall, Jacquie Astemborski, and Rhoda S. Sperling, for the Pediatric AIDS and Kenrad E. Nelson Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group 543 Chronic Vulvar Ulceration in an Immunocompetent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type | Phenotypes in Woman Due to Acyclovir-Resistant, Thymidine Kinase— Children with Advanced Disease Treated with Long-Term Deficient Herpes Simplex Virus Zalcitabine Susan M. Swetter, Edgar L. Hill, Earl R. Kern, Rolando M. Viani, Irene L. Smith, and David M. Koelle, Christine M. Posavad, Stephen A. Spector Wendell Lawrence, and Sharon Safrin 571 Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Changes in Virologic Markers as Predictors of CD4 Cell and RNA Shedding in the Anal-Rectal Canal of Decline and Progression of Disease in Human Homosexual Men Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1—Infected Adults Treated Nancy B. Kiviat, Cathy W. Critchlow, with Nucleosides Stephen E. Hawes, Jane Kuypers, Christina Surawicz, Susan A. Fiscus, Michael D. Hughes, Janet L. Lathey, Gary Goldbaum, Jo-Anne van Burik, Timothy Pi, J. Brooks Jackson, Suraiya Rasheed, Thomas Lampinen, and King K. Holmes Tarek Elbeik, Richard Reichman, Anthony Japour, Roy Byington, Walter Scott, Brigitte P. Griffith, Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease David A. Katzenstein, and Scott M. Hammer, Is Associated with Increasing Disruptions within the for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 175 Team CD4* T Cell Receptor Repertoire Juan C. Gea-Banacloche, Emma E. Weiskopf, Immunologic Interference from Sequential Administration Claire Hallahan, Juan Carlos Lopez Bernaldo de Quiros, of Live Attenuated Alphavirus Vaccines Mark Flanigan, JoAnn M. Mican, Judith Falloon, David J. McClain, Phillip R. Pittman, Michael Baseler, Randy Stevens, H. Clifford Lane, and Helen H. Ramsburg, Gene O. Nelson, Cindy A. Rossi, Mark Connors Joseph A. Mangiafico, Alan L. Schmaljohn, and Frank J. Malinoski Enhanced Interleukin-!0 Production in Response to Mycobacterium avium Products in Mononuclear Cells Phylogenetic Analysis of Escherichia coli Strains Causing from Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neonatal Meningitis Suggests Horizontal Gene Transfer infection from a Predominant Pool of Highly Virulent B2 Group Fredrik Miiller, Pal Aukrust, Egil Lien, Strains Charlotte J. Haug, and Stig S. Froland Edouard Bingen, Bertrand Picard, Naima Brahimi, Stéphanie Mathy, Patricia Desjardins, Jacques Elion, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in AIDS and Erick Denamur Patients with Mycobacterium avium Complex Bacteremia: A Case Control Study Clonal Distribution of the Three Alleles of the Gal(a1- Diane V. Havlir, Richard Haubrich, Jimmy Hwang, 4)Gal—Specific Adhesin Gene papG among Escherichia Michael W. Dunne, Judith Currier, Donald Forthal, coli Strains from Patients with Bacteremia Francesca Torriani, Douglas D. Richman, and James R. Johnson, Jennifer J. Brown, and J. Allen McCutchan for the California Collaborative Joel N. Maslow Treatment Group Milk Immunoglobulin with Specific Activity against In Vitro Replication Kinetics of Human Purified Colonization Factor Antigens Can Protect against Immunodeficiency Virus Type | (HIV-1) Variants in Oral Challenge with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Relation to Virus Load in Long-Term Survivors of HIV-1 Daniel J. Freedman, Carol O. Tacket, Ann Delehanty, Infection David R. Maneval, James Nataro, and Hetty Blaak, Margreet Brouwer, Leonie J. Ran, Joseph H. Crabb Frank de Wolf, and Hanneke Schuitemaker Delayed Treatment with Recombinant Human Tissue Vitamin A Supplementation and Human Factor Pathway Inhibitor Improves Survival in Rabbits Immunodeficiency Virus Load in Injection Drug Users with Gram-Negative Peritonitis Richard D. Semba, Cynthia M. Lyles, Anthony J. Camerota, Abla A. Creasey, Venkat Patla, Joseph B. Margolick, Waleska T. Caiaffa, Vera A. Larkin, and Mitchell P. Fink Homayoon Farzadegan, Sylvia Cohn, and Intercity Spread of Gonococci with Decreased David Vlahov Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones: A Unique Focus in the Variability and Prognostic Values of Virologic and CD4 United States Cell Measures in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type Peter H. Kilmarx, Joan S. Knapp, Minsheng Xia, 1—Infected Patients with 200-500 CD4 Cells/mm* Michael E. St. Louis, Sandra W. Neal, Dennis Sayers, (ACTG 175) Laura J. Doyle, Marilyn C. Roberts, and Janet L. Lathey, Michael D. Hughes, Susan A. Fiscus, William L. Whittington Timothy Pi, J. Brooks Jackson, Suraiva Rasheed, Immunogenicity of Two Efficacious Outer Membrane Tarek Elbeik, Richard Reichman, Anthony Japour, Protein—Based Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccines Richard T. D’Aquila, Walter Scott, Brigitte P. Griffith, among Young Adults in Iceland Scott M. Hammer, and David A. Katzenstein, B. A. Perkins, K. Jonsdottir, H. Briem, E. Griffiths, for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 175 Team B. D. Plikaytis, E. A. Hoiby, E. Rosenqvist, J. Holst, H. Nokleby, F. Sotolongo, G. Sierra, H. C. Campa, G. M. Carlone, D. Williams, J. Dykes, D. Kapczynski, E. Tikhomirov, J. D. Wenger, and C. V. Broome 692 Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and the Effect of 766 Perspective: Targeting Nitric Oxide in the Adjuvant Aminoguanidine in Experimental Neonatal Meningitis Therapy of Sepsis and Meningitis Stephen L. Leib, Young S. Kim, Stephen M. Black, Jerry L. Shenep and Elaine Tuomanen Jay H. Tureen, and Martin G. Téuber 701 -Lactamase Production Diminishes the Prophylactic Concise Communications Efficacy of Ampicillin and Cefazolin in a Guinea Pig 770 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Viral Resistance: Model of Staphylococcus aureus Wound Infection Douglas S. Kernodle, Rama K. R. Voladri, and Ganciclovir Resistance Douglas A. Jabs, Cheryl Enger, J. P. Dunn, and Allen B. Kaiser Michael Forman, for the CMV Retinitis and Viral 707 Capsular Transformation of a Multidrug-Resistant Resistance Study Group Streptococcus pneumoniae \n Vivo In Vivo Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a@ in Healthy Mirjana Nesin, Mario Ramirez, and Alexander Tomasz Humans after Live Yellow Fever Vaccination Humoral Immune Response to Conserved Epitopes of U. T. Hacker, T. Jelinek, S. Erhardt, A. Eigler, Chlamydia trachomatis and Human 60-kDa Heat-Shock G. Hartmann, H. D. Nothdurft, and S. Endres Protein in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pathophysiologic and Prognostic Role of Cytokines in M. Domeika, K. Domeika, J. Paavonen, P.-A. Mardh, and S. S. Witkin Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Delia B. Bethell, Karin Flobbe, Antibody Response to Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Cao Xuan Thanh Phuong, Nicholas P. J. Day, in Children with Respiratory [Illness Pham Tung Phuong, Wim A. Buurman, M. J. Cardosa, Andrei Kutlin, Patricia M. Roblin, and Nicholas J. White, and Dominic Kwiatkowski Margaret R. Hammerschlag Impact of Treatment with Human Immunodeficiency Induction of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation by Virus (HIV) Protease Inhibitors on Hepatitis C Viremia in Chlamydia pneumoniae Patients Coinfected with HIV Murat V. Kalayoglu and Gerald I. Byrne O. T. Rutschmann, F. Negro, B. Hirschel, A. Hadengue, D. Anwar, and L. H. Perrin Dual Skin Testing with Mycobacterium avium Sensitin and Purified Protein Derivative to Discriminate Clonal Spread of Group A Streptococcus with the New Pulmonary Disease Due to M. avium Complex from Type of Erythromycin Resistance Pulmonary Disease Due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Janne Kataja, Pentti Huovinen, Anna Muotiala, C. Fordham von Reyn, David E. Williams, Jaana Vuopio-Varkila, Androulla Efstratiou, C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr., Anna S. Jaeger, Gillian Hallas, the Finnish Study Group for Bryan J. Marsh, Kaare Haslov, and Antimicrobial Resistance, and Helena Seppélé Mogens Magnusson Capsular Polysaccharide Types of Group B Streptococcal Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in the Laboratory Mouse Isolates from Neonates with Early-Onset Systemic Emir Hodzic, Jacob W. I. IJdo, Sunlian Feng, Infection Paula Katavolos, Wei Sun, Craig H. Maretzki, Feng-Ying C. Lin, John D. Clemens, Parvin H. Azimi, Durland Fish, Erol Fikrig, Sam R. Telford III, and Joan A. Regan, Leonard E. Weisman, Stephen W. Barthold Joseph B. Philips III, George G. Rhoads, Penny Clark, Ruth A. Brenner, and Patricia Ferrieri Stimulation of Human T Lymphocytes Obtained from Toxoplasma gondii—Seronegative Persons by Proteins Parenteral Nutrition Facilitates Activation of Coagulation Derived from 7. gondii but Not of Fibrinolysis during Human Endotoxemia Matthew B. Purner, Randolph L. Berens, Tom van der Poll, Marcel Levi, Carla C. Braxton, Stanislas Tomavo, Laurece Lecordier, Susette M. 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Marschner, J. Andersen, M. K. Cowles, George Watt, Daniel Strickman, Pacharee Kantipong, V. De Gruttola, S. Hammer, M. Fischl, and D. Cotton Krisada Jongsakul, and Helene Paxton