JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH INDEX: VOLUME 19, 1993 VOL. 19 1993 ARTICLES Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a history of biotic crises and anthropogenic introductions. Edward L. Mills, Joseph H. Leach, James T. Carlton, and Carol L. Secor Reconstruction of the recent environmental history of Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario, Canada) from analysis of siliceous microfossils. Jing-Rong Yang, Hamish C. Duthie, and L. Denis Delorme Spatial and temporal variability in toxicity of Hamilton Harbour sediments: evaluation of the Hyalella azteca 4-week chronic toxicity test. Uwe Borgmann and Warren P. Norwood Effect of flow diversions on contaminant transport modeling in the Niagara River. Stephen H. Blair and Joseph F. Atkinson Caspian tern reproduction in the Saginaw Bay ecosystem following a 100-year flood event. James P. Ludwig, Heidi J. Auman, Hiroko Kurita, Matthew E. Ludwig, Loraine M. Campbell, John P. Giesy, Donald E. Tillitt, Paul Jones, Nobu Yamashita, Shinsuke Tanabe, and Ryo Tatsukawa Atmospheric deposition of PCBs into Green Bay. Clyde W. Sweet, Thomas J. Murphy, James H. Bannasch, Cynthia A. Kelsey, and John Hong Attitudes of 1990, 1991, and 1992 Mid-America Boat Show and 1991 Fairport Fishing Symposium patrons concerning the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), Lake Erie, and Great Lakes pollu- tion. Frank R. Lichtkoppler, David O. Kelch, and M. Annie Berry Ecosystem management in the Great Lakes: some observations from three RAP sites. Susan Hill MacKenzie Mirex in the North American Great Lakes: new detections and their confirmation. David B. Sergeant, Mohiuddin Munawar, Peter V. Hodson, Donald T. Bennie, and Susan Y. Huestis .. Investigation of contaminant transport from the Saginaw confined disposal facility. Mark L. Velleux, Joseph E. Rathbun, Russell G. Kreis, Jr., James L. Martin, Michael J. Mac, and Marc L. Tuchman A protocol for minimizing contamination in the analysis of trace metals in Great Lakes waters. Jerome O. Nriagu, Greg Lawson, Henry K. T. Wong, and Jose M. Azcue COMMENTARY IAGLR: who are we today and how did we evolve? Donald C. McNaught 1993 Special Issue on Evidence for the Restoration of Lake Erie PREFACE Evidence for the restoration of the Lake Erie ecosystem. Joseph C. Makarewicz and Paul Bertram ... INTRODUCTION “Dead” Sea of North Americ—a La?ke Erie in the 1960s and ’70s. Robert A. Sweeney $11 ARTICLES Trends in nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations in Lake Erie tributaries, 1975-1990. R. Peter Richards and David B. Baker Point source loadings of phosphorus to Lake Erie: 1986-1990. David M. Dolan Total phosphorus and dissoived oxygen trends in the central basin of Lake Erie, 1970-1991. Paul E. Bertram Changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the Cleveland Harbor area of Lake Erie from 1978 to 1989. Kenneth A. Krieger and Lloyd S. Ross Historic changes in populations of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia limbata) from Lake Erie based on sediment tusk profiles. Trefor B. Reynoldson and Andrew L. Hamilton Phytoplankton biomass and species composition in Lake Erie, 1970 to 1987. Joseph C. Makarewicz A lakewide comparison of zooplankton biomass and its species composition in Lake Erie, 1983-87. Joseph C. Makarewicz Lake Erie offshore in 1990: Restoration and resilience in the central basin. Murray N. Charlton, Jacqui E. Milne, Winston G. Booth, and Fausto Chiocchio Biodegradation of organic particles by surface and benthic nepheloid layer microbes from Lake Superior. Peter Aas and Randall E. Hicks A survey of Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, sediments using two bioassays with the amphipod Diporeia spp. Duane C. Gossiaux, Peter F. Landrum, and Vladimir N. Tsymbal .. The ultrastructural response of two morphologically distinct forms of Cladophora glomerata to the algicide Hyamine. S. L. Wong and J. F. Wainwright Development of a rapid and simple genotoxicity assay using a brown bullhead fish cell-line: Appli- cation to toxicological surveys of sediments in the Huron-Erie corridor. Furat Ali, Rodica Lazar, Douglas Haffner, and Khosrow Adeli The effect of indicator organisms in wash water disposal on mooring embayments. Merv D. Palmer, Michael F. Holloran, and M. John Roberts Low-frequency water volume transport through the midsection of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, calculated from current and temperature observations. Gerald S. Miller and James H. Saylor Measurement of horizontal sediment transport in Green Bay, May-October, 1989. Nathan Hawley and Joseph Niester Great Lakes air temperature trends for land stations, 1901-1987. Stanley J. Bolsenga and David C. Norton A comparison of Great Lakes remedial action plans and St. Lawrence River restoration plans. - Nathalie La Violette Compatibility of sampling and laboratory procedures evaluated for the 1985 three-ship intercom- parison study on Lake Erie. Sylvia R. Esterby and Paul E. Bertram Factors affecting the recruitment of lake whitefish in two areas of northern Lake Michigan. Russell W. Brown, William W. Taylor, and Raymond A. Assel Fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Green Bay and Lake Michigan sediments. Xiaochun Zhang, Erik R. Christensen, and Long-Yeow Yan Genetic and tagging evidence for movement of walleyes between Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair. Thomas N. Todd and Robert C. Haas Mean and turbulence statistics in a wintertime convectively-mixed boundary layer over Lake Michi- gan. Ernest M. Agee, Daniel M. Rozema, and Guan-Shu Rao 812 Observations of the vertical structure of the Keweenaw Current, Lake Superior. Bruce E. Viekman and Mark Wimbush Particle-mediated transport and fate of a hydrophobic organic contaminant in southern Lake Michigan: The role of major water column particle species. Kirk E. Dean, Martin M. Shafer, and David E. Armstrong VOL. 19 EDITORIAL Three initiatives that deserve our attention and support. Michael A. Quigley ARTICLES Suspended sediments in Lake Malawi, Africa: A reconnaissance study. John D. Halfman and Christopher A. Scholz Water column characteristics from modern CTD data, Lake Malawi, Africa. John D. Halfman . Occurrence of aluminum, lead, and trihalomethanes in drinking water from the Great Lakes. Paul F. Henshaw, Jatinder K. Bewtra, and Nihar Biswas Harvest and movement of Atlantic salmon stocked in the St. Marys River, Michigan. David J. Behmer, Roger W. Greil, Steven J. Scott, and Todd Hanna Seasonal and annual variation in weight and biochemical content of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, in Lake St. Clair. Thomas F. Nalepa, Joann F. Cavaletto, Mark Ford, Wendy M. Gordon, and Marijo Wimmer Wave directional spectra and wave-current interaction in Lake St. Clair. Francois P. Brissette, Ioannis K. Tsanis, and Jian Wu Catecholamines as potential sub-lethal stress indicators in Great Lakes macrobenthic invertebrates. Margaret B. Lansing, Wayne S. Gardner, and Brian J. Eadie Application of the QWASI fugacity/aquivalence model to assessing sources and fate of contami- nants in Hamilton Harbour. Helen Ling, Miriam Diamond, and Donald Mackay Response of the thermal structure of Lake Ontario to deep cooling water withdrawals and to global warming. Farrell M. Boyce, Paul F. Hamblin, L. D. Danny Harvey, William M. Schertzer, and R. Craig McCrimmon Changes in planktonic diatoms and water transparency in Hatchery Bay, Bass Island area, Western Lake Erie since the establishment of the zebra mussel. Ruth E. Holland NOTES Evidence of spring spawning lake trout in Lake Superior. Charles R. Bronte Growth-temperature relation for young-of-the-year ruffe. Thomas A. Edsall, James H. Selgeby, Timothy J. DeSorcie, and John R. P. French III VOL. 19 EDITORIAL Policy and science: the Great Lakes Water Quality Guidance example. Jack Manno 813 ARTICLES Recent changes in Lake Erie (north shore) phytoplankton: cumulative impacts of phosphorus loading reductions and the zebra mussel introduction. Kenneth H. Nicholls and Gordon J. Hopkins Deformities of aquatic larval midges (Chironomidae: Diptera) in the sediments of the Buffalo River, New York. Thomas P. Diggins and Kenton M. Stewart Pre-1900 St. Clair River flow regime. Frank H. Quinn, Jan A. Derecki, and Cynthia E. Sellinger Urban impacts on river shoreline microbiological pollution. Bernard J. Dutka and Jiri Marsalek Effects of water management policy on the formation of Lakes Hongtze and Kaoyu, two large Chinese lakes. William Y. B. Chang Environmental contaminants in eggs of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpen- tina) from the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin of Ontario, Canada (1981, 1984). John Struger, John E. Elliott, Christine A. Bishop, Martyn E. Obbard, Ross J. Norstrom, D.V. (Chip) Weseloh, Mary Simon, and Peggy Ng Toxicity of candidate molluscicides to zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and selected nontarget organisms. Diane L. Waller, Jeffrey J. Rach, W. Gregory Cope, Leif L. Marking, Susan W. Fisher, and Henrycka Dabrowska Spatial and temporal trends of organochlorine contaminants in spottail shiners from selected sites in the Great Lakes (1975-1990). Karlis R. Suns, Gordon G. Hitchin, and Daniel Toner Fecundity of walleyes in western Lake Erie, 1966 and 1990-91. Kenneth M. Muth and Brian S. SPECIAL SECTION ON CAUSE-EFFECT LINKAGES Preface. Causality: the missing link between science and policy. Michael Gilbertson and R. Stephen Schneider What have biomarkers told us about the effects of contaminants on the health of fish-eating birds in the Great Lakes? The theory and a literature review. Glen A. Fox Field observations on reproductive and developmental dysfunction in introduced and native salmo- nids from the Great Lakes. John F. Leatherland Polychlorinated biphenyls in Great Lakes lake trout and their eggs: relations to survival and congener composition 1979-1988. Michael J. Mac, Ted R. Schwartz, Carol C. Edsall, and Anthony M. Frank Toxic compounds and health and reproductive effects in St. Lawrence beluga whales. Pierre Beland, Sylvain DeGuise, Christiane Girard, André Lagace, Daniel Martineau, Robert Michaud, Derek C.G. Muir, Ross J. Norstrom, Emilien Pelletier, Sankar Ray, and Lee R. Shugart A 4-year followup study of children born to consumers of Lake Michigan fish. Joseph L. Jacobson and Sandra W. Jacobson Laboratory rat experiments show consumption of Lake Ontario salmon causes behavioral changes: support for wildlife and human research results. Helen B. Daly A comparison of water quality criteria for the Great Lakes based on human and wildlife health. James P. Ludwig, John P. Giesy, Cheryl L. Summer, William Bowerman, Richard Aulerich, Steven Bursian, Heidi J. Auman, Paul D. Jones, Lisa L. Williams, Donald E. Tillitt, and Michael Gilbertson JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH INDEX: VOLUME 19, 1993 Author Index Aas, P., 310 Dolan, D. M., 212 Krieger, K. A., 237 Adeli, K., 342 Duthie, H. C., 55 Kurita, H., 96 Agee, E. M., 453 Dutka, B. J., 665 LaViolette, N., 389 Ali, F., 342 Eadie, B. J., 569 Lagace, A., 766 Armstrong, D. E., 480 Edsall, C. C., 752 Landrum, P. F., 322 Assel, R. A., 418 Elliott, J. E., 681 Lansing, M. B., 569 Atkinson, J. F., 83 Esterby, S. R., 400 Lawson, G., 175 Aulerich, R., 789 Lazar, R., 342 Auman, H. J., 96, 789 Fisher, S. W., 695 Azcue, J. M., 175 Ford, M., 541 Leach, J. H., 1 Fox, G. A., 722 Leatherland, J. F., 737 Baker, D. B., 200 Frank, A. M., 752 Lichtkoppler, F. R., 129 Bannasch, J. H., 109 Ling, H., 582 Behmer, D. J., 533 Gardner, W. S., 569 Ludwig, J. P., 96, 789 Béland, P., 766 Giesy, J. P., 96, 789 Ludwig, M. E., 96 Bennie, D. T., 145 Gilbertson, M., 720, 789 Berry, M. A., 129 Girard, C., 766 Mac, M. J., 158, 752 Bertram, P. E., 197, 224, 400 Gordon, W. M., 541 Mackay, D., 582 Bewtra, J. K., 521 Gossiaux, D. C., 322 MacKenzie, S. H., 136 Bishop, C. A., 681 Greil, R. W., 533 Makarewicz, J. C., 197, 258, 275 Biswas, N., 521 Manno, J., 635 Haas, R. C., 445 Blair, S. H., 83 Marineau, D., 766 Haffner, D., 342 Bolsenga, S. J., 379 Marking, L. L., 695 Halfman, J. D., 499, 512 Booth, W. G., 291 Marsalek, J., 665 Hamblin, P. F., 603 Borgmann, U., 72 Martin, J. L., 158 Hamilton, A. L., 250 Bowerman, W., 789 McCrimmon, R. C., 603 Hanna, T., 533 Boyce, F. M., 603 McNaught, D. C., 183 Harvey, L. D. D., 603 Brissette, F. P., 553 Michaud, R., 766 Hawley, N., 368 Bronte, C. R., 625 Miller, G. S., 361 Heaton, S., 789 Brown, R. W., 418 Mills, E. L., 1 Henshaw, P. F., 521 Bursian, S., 789 Milne, J. E., 291 Hicks, R. E., 310 Campbell, L. M., 96 Hitchin, G. G., 703 Muir, D. C. G., 766 Carlton, J. T., 1 Hodson, R. V., 145 Munawar, M., 145 Cavaletto, J. F., 541 Holland, R. E., 617 Murphy, T. J., 109 Chang, W. Y. B., 675 Holloran, M. F., 352 Muth, K. M., 715 Charlton, M. N., 291 Hong, J., 109 Nalepa, T. F., 541 Chiocchio, F., 291 Hopkins, G. J., 637 Ng, P., 681 Christensen, E. R., 429 Huestis, S. Y., 145 Nicholls, K. H., 637 Cope, W. G., 695 Ickes, B. S., 715 Niester, J., 368 Dabrowska, H., 695 Norstrom, R. J., 681, 766 Jacobson, J. L., 776 Daly, H. B., 784 Norton, D. C., 379 Jacobson, S. W., 776 Dean, K. E., 480 Norwood, W. P., 72 Jones, P., 96 DeGuise, S., 766 Nriagu, J. O., 175 Jones, P. D., 789 Delorme, L. D., 55 Obbard, M. E., 681 Derecki, J. A., 660 Kelch, D. O., 129 Diamond, M., 582 Kelsey, C. A., 109 Palmer, M. D., 352 Diggins, T. P., 648 Kreis, R. G., 158 Pelletier, E., 766 815 Quigley, M. A., 497 Sellinger, C. A., 660 Tsymbal, V. N., 322 Quinn, F. H., 660 Sergeant, D. B., 145 Tuchman, M. L., 158 Shafer, M. M., 480 Rach, J. J., 695 Velleux, M. L., 158 Shugart, L. R., 766 Rao, G.-S., 453 Viekman, B. E., 470 Simon, M., 681 Rathbun, J. E., 158 Stewart, K. M., 648 Wainwright, J. F., 333 Ray, S., 766 Struger, J., 681 Waller, D. L., 695 Reynoldson, T. B., 250 Richards, R. P., 200 Summer, C. L., 789 Weseloh, D. V., 681 Suns, K. R., 703 Williams, L. L., 789 Roberts, M. J., 352 Ross, L. A., 237 Sweeney, R. A., 198 Wimbush, M., 470 Wimmer, M., 541 Rozema, D. M., 453 Sweet, C. W., 109 Wong, K. T., 175 Saylor, J. H., 361 Tanabe, S., 96 Wong, S. L., 333 Schertzer, W. M., 603 Tatsukawa, R., 96 Wu, J., 553 Schneider, R. S., 720 Taylor, W. W., 418 Yamashita, N., 96 Scholz, C. A., 499 Tillitt, D. E., 96, 789 Yan, L.-Y., 429 Schwartz, T. R., 752 Todd, T. N., 445 Yang, J.-R., 55 Scott, S. J., 533 Toner, D., 703 Secor, C. L., 1 Tsanis, I. K., 553 Zhang, X., 429 Geographic Index Buffalo River, 648 Kaoyu Lake, 675 Lake Ontario, 175, 603, 784 Lake St. Clair, 541, 553 Detroit River, 342 Lake Erie, 129, 200, 212, 224, 237, Lake Superior, 310, 470, 625 250, 258, 275, 291, 400, 617, 637, Great Lakes, 1, 145, 379, 389, 445, 715 Niagara River, 83 521, 681, 703, 737, 752, 776, 789 Lake Huron, 96, 322, 352 Saginaw River, 322 Green Bay, 109, 429 Lake Malawi, 499, 512 St. Clair River, 342, 660 Hamilton Harbour, 55, 72, 582 Lake Michigan, 109, 361, 368, 418, St. Lawrence River, 389, 766 Hongtze Lake, 675 429, 453, 480 St. Marys River, 533, 665 Subject Index abnormalities, 96 birds, 789 CTD data, 415 abundance, 258 boating, 352 currents, 470 air temperature, 379 boundary layer micrometeorology, deformities, 648 aluminum, 521 453 Detroit River, 342 anoxia, 250 Buffalo River, 648 developmental, 776 Atlantic salmon, 533 carbon, 541 diatoms, 55 atmospheric deposition, 109 Caspian tern, 96 dioxins, 681, 789 bacteria, 310, 352 catecholamines, 569 Diporeia, 322 behavior, 784 channel flow, 660 dispersion, 83 DNA, 342 beluga whales, 766 chironomids, 237, 569, 648 Dreissena polymorpha, 617 benzo(a)pyrene, 429, 582 Cladophora glomerata, 333 drinking water, 521 bioassays, 322, 342 climate change, 379, 603 bioconcentration, 569 combined sewage overflows, 665 ecosystem, 389 biodegradation, 310 contaminant transport, 83 ecosystem approach, 136 biomarker, 722 contaminated sediments, 158 embryo-toxicity, 96 biomonitoring, 158, 703, 722 contamination, 96, 175 Escherichia coli, 352 816 eutrophication, 55, 200, 258, 291 mirex, 145 Siscowet lake trout, 625 exotic species, 1, 129 modeling, 83, 603 snapping turtle eggs, 681 molluscicides, 695 spawning, 625 fecundity, 715 spawning stock, 418 fish, 145, 776 nepheloid layer, 310 species composition, 275 fish populations, 445 Niagara River, 83 sphaeriid clams, 237 fish stocking, 533 nitrogen, 200, 541 spottail shiners, 703 fish-eating birds, 722 non-indigenous flora and fauna, | St. Clair River, 342, 660 flood, 96 non-point sources, 200 St. Lawrence River, 389, 766 flow-diversion, 83 oligochaetes, 237 St. Marys River, 533, 665 forms, 333 organic carbon, 480 stage-discharge relations, 660 genetics, 445 organochlorines, 703 statistical analysis, 400 Great Lakes, 1, 145, 379, 389, 445, oxygen, 224, 291 surveys, 129 521, 681, 703, 737, 752, 776, 789 suspended sediments, 499 PAH ratios, 429 Green Bay, 109, 429 PAHs, 342, 429 tagging, 445, 533 halogenated organic compounds, 342 paleolimnology, 55, 250 temperature, 603 Hamilton Harbour, 55, 72, 582 particulates, 480 teratogens, 776 Hexagenia limbata, 250 partitioning, 480 thermal discharge, 603 historical records, 429 PCBs, 96, 109, 158, 342, 582, 681, toxic substances, 480, 722, 737, 766, Hongtze Lake, 675 752, 766, 776, 784, 789 784 humans, 776 pesticides, 681 toxicity, 322, 333, 722 Hyalella azteca, 72 phosphorus, 200, 212, 224, 291 transparency, 368 hydrodynamic modeling, 553 photomirex, 145 transport vectors, | phytoplankton, 637 trends, 275 ice, 418 phytoplankton biomass, 258 trihalomethanes, 521 isozymes, 445 planar PCBs, 96 tropical rift lakes, 415 Kaoyu Lake, 675 planktonic diatoms, 617 turbulence, 453 point sources, 212 Lake Erie, 129, 200, 212, 224, 237, pollution, 237 ultrastructural changes, 333 250, 258, 275, 291, 400, 617, 637, pollution effects, 55 walleye, 445, 715 715 population density, 275 wasting, 96 Lake Huron, 96, 322, 352 population dynamics, 766 water, 145 Lake Malawi, 499, 512 public opinion, 129 water column mixing, 415 Lake Michigan, 109, 361, 368, 418, public participation, 389 water currents, 361 429, 453, 480 quality assurance, 400 water management, 136, 675 Lake Ontario, 175, 603, 784 water policy, 136, 675, 789 Lake St. Clair, 541, 553 recruitment, 418 water quality, 237, 400 Lake Superior, 310, 470, 625 Remedial Action Plan, 136 water temperature, 361 lake trout, 752 reproduction, 96, 715, 737, 752, 789 water transparency, 617 lake whitefish, 418 restoration, 389 water transport, 361 lead, 521, 582 risk, 789 wave-current interaction, 553 lindane, 569 Saginaw River, 322 waves, 553 lipids, 541 salmonids, 737, 784 weather, 418 load estimation, 212 sampling, 175 wildlife, 722 loss on ignition, 429 sediment toxicity, 72 macroinvertebrates, 237 sediment transport, 368, 499 zebra mussels, 129, 541, 617, 637, mass balance models, 582 sediments, 145, 322, 429, 480, 582, 695 mathmatical models, 158 648 zinc, 582 metals, 175 sewage bacteria, 665 zoobenthos, 237 mineralization, 310 siliceous microfossils, 55 zooplankton, 275