Springer Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore s. Imura, M. Wada, H. Omori (Eds.) J oint Arthroplasty With 285 Figures, Including 3 in Color Springer SHINICHI IMURA, M.D. Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine, Fukui Medical University 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan MAKOTO W ADA, M.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine, Fukui Medical University 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan HIRONORI OMORI, M.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine, Fukui Medical University 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan ISBN 978-4-431-68531-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joint arthroplasty / S. Imura, M. Wada, H. Omori (eds.). p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-4-431-68531-9 ISBN 978-4-431-68529-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-68529-6 1. Artificial joints. 2. Arthroplasty. 3. Total hip replacement. 4. Total knee re placement. l. Imura, Shinichi. Il. Wada, M. (Makoto), 1955- III. Omori, H. (Hironori), 1961- RD686.J645 1999 617.5'80592-dc21 98-46409 CIP Printed on acid-free paper © Springer-Verlag Tokyo 1999 SOftcove1O reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1999 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad casting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and appli cation thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceuticalliterature. Typesetting: Best-set Typesetter Ud., Hong Kong SPIN: 10688313 Preface The introduction of total joint arthroplasty throughout the world has contributed manifold benefits to patients who suffer from joint diseases. Concurrently, however, there has been an increase in revision surgery. Many orthopedic surgeons agree that durability of prostheses is an eternal problem. In particular, periprosthetic osteolysis recently has been identified as one of the serious problems affecting prosthetic dura bility. To improve durability, osteolysis and many other problems must be investi gated and solved both experimentally and clinically with respect to such aspects as prosthetic material, design, and biological and biomechanical behavior. This book comprises 37 papers that were presented by orthopedic surgeons and biomedical engineers at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Replace ment Arthroplasty, held in March 1998 in Kanazawa, Japan. The volume is thus a compilation of the latest knowledge about the pathogenesis and reduction of osteolysis and wear, newly developed total hip prostheses, and other current topics of total knee arthroplasty. We earnestly hope that this book will be of benefit to clinicians and researchers, and that it will contribute to the creation of more durable total joint prostheses in the future. SHINICHI IMURA v Contents Preface .................... '" .. .. .. ... . .. .. .. . ... .. . . .. . ... . . .. . V List of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Part 1 Wear and Pathogenesis of Osteolysis Friction and Wear of Artificial Joints: A Historical Review N. AKAMATSU ................................................ , 3 Matrix Degradation in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption Under Pathological Conditions . Y. OKADA ................................................... 10 Characteristics of Wear Particles and Osteolysis H. OHASHI, Y. KADOYA, A. KOBAYASHI, H. IWAKI, and Y. YAMANO .................................................. 22 Wear Debris Analysis for Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty K. HIRAKAWA, T.W. BAUER, B.N. STULBERG, M. YAMAGUCHI, T. KOSHINO, and T. SAITO ...................................... 36 Biological Effects of Polyethylene Particles In Vitro and In Vivo K.J. KIM ..................................................... 46 The Characterization of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in the Interface Tissue Obtained from Failed Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty with Femoral Osteolysis J. CHIBA, M. OYAMA, K. INOUE, M. ISHIGAMI, S. SUGAWARA, and H.E. RUBASH ............................................. 55 Expression of Inflammatory Mediators by Human Macrophages in Response to Particulate Debris In Vitro Y. NAKASHIMA, D.-H. SUN, M. TRINDADE, W.J. MALONEY, S.B. GOODMAN, D.J. SCHURMAN, R.L. SMITH, M. USHIJIMA, and Y. IWAMOTO ............................................. 65 Biological Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and the Endogenous Inhibitor Proteins in the Periprosthetic Connective Tissue Remodeling Around Loose Artificial Hip Joints M. TAKAGI, S. SANTAVIRTA, H. IDA, M. ISHII, I. TAKEI, T. OGINO, and Y.T. KONTTINEN .............................................. 76 VII VIII Contents Part 2 Reduction of Wear and Osteolysis Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene After Ethylene Oxide Gas or Gamma-Irradiated Sterilization K. KAWATE, T. OHMURA, N. HIYOSHI, H. NAKAJIMA, Y. NATSUME, T. TERANISHI, S. TAMAI, and Y. NANZAI ......................... 87 Low-Wear Effect of High-Dose Gamma-Irradiated Crosslinked Polyethylene in Total Hip Prostheses H. OONISHI, I.C. CLARKE, V.D. GOOD, E. TSUJI, Y. IKADA, H. ISHIMARU, T. TATEISHI, A. FUJISAWA, S. MASUDA, and M. KUMAKURA ............................................... 97 Methods to Reduce the Wear of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene M. OKA, S.H. HYON, M. OHTA, T. NAKAMURA, Y. USHIO, and J. TOGUCHIDA ................................................ 109 Wear, Friction, and Mechanical Investigation and Development of Alumina-to-Alumina Combination Total Hip Joint M. UENO, H. AMINO, H. OKIMATU, and H. OONISHI ................ 119 Friction and Wear Tests of Ceramics for All-Ceramic Artificial Joints K. IKEUCHI, K. TAKASHIMA, M. OHASHI, and J. KUSAKA ............ 132 Optimal Wear Performance of Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearings for Total Hip Replacement I.e. CLARKE and H. OONISHI ................................... 140 Articulating Metal Interfaces for Total Hip Prostheses B.G. WEBER ................................................. 152 Total Hip Arthroplasty with Hydroxyapatite-Coated Prostheses W.L. JAFFE and D.F. SCOTT ..................................... 159 Part 3 Newly Developed Total Hip Arthroplasty in Japan Development of Y II Cementless Total Hip System Using a Socket with Three Spikes Y. HAMADA, N. AKAMATSU, I. NAKAJIMA, T. IDE, Y. YAMAMOTO, and T. HARIUCHI ............................................. 191 Development of the Keio-Kyocera Series Hip Prosthesis, Based on Morphological Analyses of Osteoarthritis of the Hip in Japanese Patients S. YANAGIMOTO and T. SAKAMAKI ............................... 203 A New Model of Bone-Conserving Cementless Hip Prosthesis Made of High-Tech Materials: Kobelco H-5 T. YAMAMURO, T. NAKAMURA, H. IIDA, and Y. MATSUDA ........... 213 Development and Preclinical Tests of FMS and FMS-Anatomic Cementless Total Hip Stems S. IMURA, H. OMORI, A. Bo, M. ANDO, and H. BABA ................ 225 Contents IX Characterization and Biological Application of Hydroxyapatite-Glass Titanium (HA-G-Ti) Functional Gradient Composite Material H. IWATA, S. MARUNO, H. ITOH, S. BAN, K. YAMADA, S. KITAMURA, Y. HASEGAWA, and N. ISHIGURO ................................ 238 Part 4 Features and Problems of Total Knee Arthroplasty Clinical Results and In Vivo Kinematics Analysis of Osteonics Total Knee Arthroplasty M. W ADA, S. IMURA, and H. BABA .............................. 255 Clinical Results of Anatomic Modular Knee Total Knee Arthroplasty J. Ryu, K. YAMAMOTO, S. SAITO, and T. HONDA ................... 269 Characteristics and Problems of Whiteside Ortholoc Total Knee Arthroplasty System-Especially Polyethylene Wear T. TSUCHIDA, K. HAGATA, H. MORIYA, E. WATANABE, H. OHTA, K. MASUDA, and T.S. KIM ...................................... 279 Clinical Results and Influence of Patellofemoral Joint Design on the Stability of the Patellar Component in Miller-Galante Types I and II, and Nexgen Total Knee Arthroplasty S. AKIZUKI, T. TAKIZAWA, H. HORIUCHI, Y. YASUKAWA, H. KOBAYASHI, and S. WAKABAYASHI ........................... 292 Long-Term Results of Total Condylar Knee Arthroplasty Y. MATSUSUE, M. AKAGI, Y. NAKAGAWA, M. HORIGUCHI, and T. NAKAMURA ............................................... 306 Clinical Outcome and Complications After Kinematic Total Knee Arthroplasty and After Kinemax Total Knee Arthroplasty K. NAKAGAWA ............................................... 317 Total Knee Replacement for Severe Valgus Deformity of the Knee S. YAMAMOTO, S. NAKATA, N. TAKUBO, and K. YAMADA ............ 330 Design Concept of Artificial Knee Joint for High Durability N. TOMITA .................................................. 337 Biomechanical Aspects of Knee Implant Design A. HOSHINO ................................................. 345 Part 5 Current Topics of Total Knee Arthroplasty Differences in the Clinical Outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty Based on Skin Incision, Approach, and Use of Lateral Release Y. TANEDA, N. MATSUI, Y. YOSHIDA, M. KOBAYASHI, Y. WAGURI, and Y. MUKOFUJIWARA ........................................ 359 Effect of Posterior Cruciate Sacrifice on the Durability of Total Knee Arthroplasty K. ATSUI and H. TATEISHI ..................................... 365 X Contents Rotational Malalignment of the Femoral and Tibial Components in Total Knee Arthroplasty R. NAGAMINE, L.A. WHITESIDE, H. MIURA, K. URABE, S. MATSUDA, and Y. IWAMOTO ............................................. 373 Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Patellar Resurfacing H. INOUE, K. KAWAKAMI, Y. TAKAHARA, K. NISHIDA, K. ASAUMI, and Y. YOKOYAMA ............................................ 384 Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Bisurface-Type Joint (KU Knee) Designed to Increase the Range of Flexion T. UEO, T. MIKI, F. SENZOKU, H. KOTANI, M. NAGANO, S. NAKAMURA, M. TAKETOMI, T. HASE, K. NISHIJYOU, S. SAKAMOTO, and E. OHNISHI 391 Hy-Flex II Total Knee and Ligament Balancing System: Preliminary Report on Concept, Design, Surgical Technique, and Short-Term Clinical Results S. YOSHINO, H. NAKAMURA, M. NAGASHIMA, H. SHIGA, and A. T ACHIHARA ............................................... 402 Indication and Problems of U nicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty R. OKAMOTO, T. KOSHINO, T. SAITO, J. WADA, Y. KAWASHIMA, and Y. AKAMA TU ................................................. 408 Key Word Index 424 List of Contributors Akagi, M. 306 Inoue, K. 55 Akamatsu, N. 3, 191 Ishigami, M. 55 Akamatu, Y. 408 Ishiguro, N. 238 Akizuki, S. 292 Ishii, M. 76 Amino, H. 119 Ishimaru, H. 97 Ando, M. 225 Itoh, H. 238 Asaumi, K. 384 Iwaki, H. 22 Atsui, K. 365 Iwamoto, Y. 65,373 Baba, H. 225, 255 Iwata, H. 238 Ban, S. 238 Jaffe, W.L. 159 Bauer, T.W. 36 Kadoya, Y. 22 Bo, A. 225 Kawakami, K. 384 Chiba, J. 55 Kawashima, Y. 408 Clarke, I.e. 97, 140 Kawate, K. 87 Fujisawa, A. 97 Kim, K.J. 46 Good, V.D. 97 Kim, T.S. 279 Goodman, S.B. 65 Kitamura, S. 238 Hamada, Y. 191 Kobayashi, A. 22 Hariuchi, T. 191 Kobayashi, H. 292 Hase, T. 391 Kobayashi, M. 359 Hasegawa, Y. 238 Konttinen, Y.T. 76 Hirakawa, K. 36 Koshino, T. 36,408 Hiyoshi, N. 87 Kotani, H. 391 Honda, T. 269 Kumakura, M. 97 Horiguchi, M. 306 Kusaka, J. 132 Horiuchi, H. 292 Maloney, W.J. 65 Hoshino, A. 345 Maruno, S. 238 Hyon, S.H. 109 Masuda, K. 279 Ida, H. 76 Masuda, S. 97 Ide, T. 191 Matsuda, S. 373 Iida, H. 213 Matsuda, Y. 213 Ikada, Y. 97 Matsui, N. 359 Ikeuchi, K. 132 Matsusue, Y. 306 Imura, S. 225, 255 Miki, T. 391 Inoue, H. 384 Miura, H. 373 XI XII List of Contributors Moriya, H. 279 Sugawara, S. 55 Mukofujiwara, Y. 359 Sun, D.-H. 65 Nagamine, R. 373 Tachihara, A. 402 Nagano, M. 391 Takagi, M. 76 Nagashima, M. 402 Takahara, Y. 384 Nagata, K. 279 Takashima, K. 132 Nakagawa, K. 317 Takei, 1. 76 Nakagawa, Y. 306 Taketomi, M. 391 Nakajima, H. 87 Takizawa, T. 292 Nakajima, 1. 191 Takubo, N. 330 Nakamura, H. 402 Tarnai, S. 87 Nakamura, S. 391 Taneda, Y. 359 Nakamura, T. 109,213,306 Tateishi, H. 365 Nakashima, Y. 65 Tateishi, T. 97 Nakata, S. 330 T eranishi, T. 87 Nanzai, Y. 87 Toguchida, J. 109 Natsume, Y. 87 Tomita, N. 337 Nishida, K. 384 Trindade, M. 65 Nishijyou, K. 391 Tsuchida, T. 279 Ogino, T. 76 Tsuji, E. 97 Ohashi, H. 22 Ueno, M. 119 Ohashi, M. 132 Ueo, T. 391 Ohmura, T. 87 Urabe, K. 373 Ohnishi, E. 391 Ushijima, M. 65 Ohta, H. 279 Ushio, Y. 109 Ohta, M. 109 Wada, J. 408 Oka, M. 109 Wada,M. 255 Okada, Y. 10 Waguri, Y. 359 Okamoto, R. 408 Wakabayashi, S. 292 Okimatu, H. 119 Watanabe, E. 279 Omori, H. 225 Weber, B.G. 152 Oonishi, H. 97, 119, 140 Whiteside, L.A. 373 Oyama, M. 55 Yamada, Kenji 238 Rubash, H.E. 55 Yamada, Kazuto 330 Ryu, J. 269 Yamaguchi, M. 36 Saito, S. 269 Yamamoto, K. 269 Saito, T. 36,408 Yamamoto, S. 330 Sakamaki, T. 203 Yamamoto, Y. 191 Sakamoto, S. 391 Yamamuro, T. 213 Santavirta, S. 76 Yamano, Y. 22 Schurman, D.J. 65 Yanagimoto, S. 203 Scott, D.F. 159 Yasukawa, Y. 292 Senzoku,F. 391 Yokoyama, Y. 384 Shiga, H. 402 Yoshida, Y. 359 Smith, R.L. 65 Yoshino, S. 402 Stulberg, B.N. 36