JINNAH CreatoorfP akistan * BY HECTOR BOLITHO Failiusra e w orudn knotwon me. MOHAMMED ALI JINNAH. * LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREE T, W. MOHAMMEDA LIJ INNAAHN DH ISS ISTEMRI,S FSA TIMJAI NNAH Fr011tispiue Firsi Edition Great BbryBi utaintl er & Tanner Ltd., Frome and London Printedin andPu blishl>edy J ohn Murray (Publiahen) Ltd. CONTENTS PAGE PartB OYHOOIDNK ARACHI 3 1. A STUDEINNTL ONDON 8 THEY OUNAGD VCOATE 14 THEY OUNGP OLITICIAN 22 PartT ALOKF A LEXANDER 31 2. BACKGROUFNODRP AKISTAN 36 l90-6I910 44 191-0lI93 49 ANE SSAIYNF RIENDSHIP 54 ' ' A GENTLEMAONFR ECOGNIPZOESDI TION 59 THEL UCKNOPWA CT 6I GANDHI, ANNIEB ESANATN,D EDWINS AMUEL MONTAGU 67 • Par3t. J INN'ASI-r SECONMDA ruUAGE:1 9I8 73 THEY EAROSF D ISILLUSIONMENT 78 1921-2189 86 ' ' THE PARTIONFGT HEW AYS 92 EXILE1 93-01934 96 : Pa4r.tR ETURTNO I NDIA1:9 53-9137. 109 193-71939 I5I ' 1940: PAKISTAN 125 • Pa5r.t A BIRTHDPARYE SENT 1940-1942 I492-9144:A N ASSASSANIDNT ,H ED OCTORS 141 1944 JINNAGHA,N DHAIN,D L IAQUAAUT KH AN 148 : v S51.2560 CONTENTS PAGE Par6t. 1 945-1946 157 1946-1947 167 Par7t. 1947P ARTITION 177 : Par8t. F LIGHTI NTO KARACHI 193 THE BRITONSW HO STAYED 199 IN THE GARDEN 210 ZIARATA,N D THE LASTT ASK 214 THE LASTD AYS 219 Bibliography 228 Index. 229 vi ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE MOHAMMED ALIJ INNAHA ND HISS ISTERM,I SSF ATIMAJ INNAH Frontispiece ' THE HOUSE IN NEWNHAM ROAD-JINNAHS BIRTHPLACE 4 THE SINDM ADRASAH SCHOOL,K ARACHI • 6 M. A. JINNAH,A BOUT THE TIME OF HIS SECOND MARRIAGE 73 PANDITJ AWAHARLALN EHRU AND M. A. JINNAH,A T SIMLA, IN I94•6 114 M. A. JINNAHA ND MAHATMA GANDHI,I N 1944 151 M. A. JINNAHA ND LIAQUATA LIKHAN , IN 1947 151 MISSF ATIMAJ INNAH,M . A.J INNAH, LIAQUATA LIK HAN AND BEGUM LIAQUATA LIKHAN • 166 M. A.J INNAHA DDRESSINMGU SLIML EAGUEM EETING,KIN GS- WAY HALL, DECEMBER1 946 166 , LORD MOUNTBATTENL ISTENINTGO MR JINNAHS INAUGURAL SPEECHA S THE FIRSTG OVERNOR-GENERAOLF PAKISTAN AUGUST1 41,9 47. 198 ' KARACHI : THE DAY OF MOHAMMED ALIJ INNAHS BURIAL• 226 Vll ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS URINGt het woy eaIrh sa vsep einn tw ritintgh ibso okI, havvei sibtoetPdha kisatnaIdnn diaan,dh a vsep okteosn o me D twoh undrpeedo pwlheok neMwo hammeAlid J innaMhy. record liofefa nhdai csh ievewmilelnI,th opep,r ovmey gratitude tot hemA. fullli osftt heniarm ewso ulsde rnv·epo u rpobsuetI, wisthom entisoonm weh oh avhee lpmeedw itpha rticular problems in my work. Jinnaehar'lsyy e arassa, l awyienrB ombawye,r dee scrtiobm eed byS iCro wasJjeehean gMirr ,M otilaSle talfovramde,Ar d vocate­ GeneroafBl o mbayMr, G.N .J oshMir, K anjDiw arkadaansd, RajaShir M aharSainjg hfo,r meGro vernoorfB ombay. Thosweh oh elpmeedw itthh yee aorfsJ innapho'lsi tisctarlu ggle inclBuedgeu Lmi aqAulaKith anw,h oh abse eens pecgieanlelryio nu s givimnegr eminisacnedni cnre esa dinmgym anuscrailpsDtoi; w an ChamaLna laln,Md r M .H .S aiyid,o faM uohtahomrAm leJidin na(hA PolitSitycu,)wad hloa llowmeetd h ues oef his ownr esearwchheens , Iw asi nK arachiO.t hePra kiswtraintiwe hrosp rovimdee wdi th valuambaltee riinacll MurdM eo hammeNdo manM,r AltHaufs ain, editoorfD aumM,r S.M .Ikr am, Mr FareSe.Jd a frfoir,m eerd itor ofT hCei vainMldi liGtaazre(yKt atrea cMrh iRafi)q, M.K hana,n d Mr Na�iAmh med. Iam gratetfuotl h ed octoerssp,e ciSaullryg eon-ComJmaaln der R.P atealn,dL ieut.-Ciloahil Boankehls whh,oa ttenMdreJ di nn;a_h alstooS isPtheyrll Diusn hawmh, on urshiemd w henh ew asd ying. Theira ccouonfhist s g rowimnagl adayn,dt hcier cumstaonfhisc es deathha,v ger eastltyr engtmhye nnaerdr ative. The youngmeern w hos ervJeindn ainh his latyeera risn clude MrK .H .K hurshishi sde,c reCtaarpyt,aS in.M .A hsaann dL ieutenant MazharA hmedhis, navaAls .D.aCn.d,W ing-CommanAdtear Rabbahisni, air A.D.Cw.h,ow erhee lpwfiutlsh t oraibeosut th eir mastanedr i nt eachinmge t oa pprectihaleti ev ehloyp eso fP akistan. Somefi ftByr itownhsos erviendth e sub-continbeenfotr,ae n d sintchete r ansoffep ro weinr r 947h,a vtea lkteomd e ,a nds omoef ix ACKNOWLBDGBMBNTS thehma vleo anmeedl ettaenrdds i ariOefst .h eIsa em,es pecially oblitgoeV di ce-AdJmW.i. rJ aelff oGredn,e SraiFlrr ankM esservy, ColonEe.Sl t] .B irnCioel,o nGeelo ffreKyn owlaensd,S iFrr ancis Mudie. My chapotne' rP artitiporne's emnatneypd r obleTmhse.fa cts havbee ecnh eckbeyG de neLroalr Ids maSyi,Er r iMci evianldl Mer, AlaCna mpbell-Jowhhnows eornwe,i tAhd mir.EaalrM lo untbatten durihisn gt erasm V icer;o ayn db yM rI aSnt ephfoernmse,er d itor ofT hSeta tesmTahneh.ya vmea dceo rrecatinodsn usg gestions, but ansyh aodfoe p iniotnh amta yh avcer eipnttt ohn ea rraitimsvy eo wn. Theen tirem anuscrihasp tb eerne abdy S iHra wthoLrneew is, formeRre formCso mmiosnseitro t heG overnmeonftIn dia,a nd afterwGaorvdesrn oofrO rissa, byS iFrr anciLso wfo,r m any years editoofTr he T imofe Isn dMira Ed,w inHa wardfo,r meedirt oro f The Pioneeanrd MrM ajeMalike,d PrinciIpnaflo rmaOtifficero nt o thGeo vernmeonfPt a kistan.T heir vihasgilan,c Ieh ope,b rought my errordso wn toa minimum. Iwish also tothank Mr DerekP eelw,h ohas helpemde with researfrcohm t hbee ginning tothe end ofm y task. H.B. SALISBURWYI,L TS, 1954 x PART ONE