CH INESE GRAMMAR MADE EASY A PRACTICAL AND EFFECTIVE GUIDE FOR TEACHERS Jianhua Bai Chinese Grammar Made Easy xt71' i51ifif1; ,~,;.ft~ 150 11'J Chinese Grammar Made Easy A Practical and Effective Guide for Teachers ){t71' ~51-ffl--ffl- 1;,*,.ft~ 150 111j Jianhua Bai Kenyon College Chinese School, Middlebury College Yale University Press New Haven and London Copyright © 2009 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Publisher: Mary Jane Peluso Project Editor: Timothy Shea Production Editor: Ann-Marie Imbomoni Production Controller: Karen Stickler Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-0-300-12279-4 Library ofCongress Control Number: 2007942529 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents ~~AJJ!J. IX AcknowledgIllents .. X M~ Xl Introduction XIV %-§ /G1~E. . /G~~/G v . /G~o . *~ . ":J'e:," *tiJ . /G~ . /GiSZ.~oJ.!t, )(Elm ·· . "\tf?" ~.l::::t1 f.!x -'f' H.) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ** . l:t: At:tB .. I::t: jJi! 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We would like to thank the following colleagues for reading the manuscript and offering their valuable comments and suggestions: Juyu Sung and her students of Chung Yuan Christian University, Jian Guan ofNan Kai University, Ling Ding, Xue Li, and Li Xu of Beijing Normal University, and Amy Shen of the Chinese School of Middlebury College. Our thanks also go to Kun Feng, Fang Liu, Mengfei Qi, and Pengyu Zhao for their typing, formatting, and other editorial assistance. We would also like to thank Xiaoxia Hu, Jing Wang, Wu Lan, and many other teachers of the Chinese School of Middlebury College for their contribution at the early stage of this project. Our special thanks go to the reviewers ofour book: Comelius Kubler of Williams College, Carolyn Lee of Duke University, Shou-Hsin Teng ofNational Taiwan Normal University and Scott McGinnis of the Defense Language Institute for their encouragement and insightful comments. Last, but not least, we express our sincere gratitude to Mary Jane Peluso, Brie Kluytenaar, Elise Panza and Ann-Marie Imbomoni ofYale University Press for their valuable comments, strong support, and constant encouragement and professional guidance. Jianhua Bai Professor ofChinese, Kenyon College Director, Chinese School, Middlebury College x tE1e&iff1f ~jHffI¥J~~ r:p, ~~iff ~ I¥J ~fJTliJf Jtpx;5I~:bt~ T:m:~ I¥J1fffl 0 ~ ~m~I¥J~~~ffl, ~&m~~tE~.l¥Jm~~.r:p~~~m~, MWfr~~~~ {~£~f!fUo ~~m~~tEm~m~I¥J~Jt~~~btM~*I¥J, ~~&~ttm~~~, ~~ lli~ttmX~mffl~~~, ~m~~tt~~~~ffi~I¥J~.o tElffi!tJit ~~ ~~l=f, ~ f¥j !J}] ~ )J 1!f~.lLiff~m~, ~if]~ ~,~1e:fitif] I¥JliffJtit ~~~mill, M~~m~~~m~~~o~~~,lli~~£~m~~Jt~~~~OO 1¥J~.o~illm~M~~~~.:tE~~~~~I¥J~~~~, ~~m~~~~~~ ffim~B; g*~ffl~~1¥J~0*f¥j!J}]~~~~~*~~~~~~m~,~~I¥J~ ffl;