Jerome and the Monastic Clergy Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae Texts and Studies of Early Christian Life and Language Editors J.denBoeft–B.D.Ehrman–J.vanOort D.T.Runia–C.Scholten–J.C.M.vanWinden VOLUME119 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/vcs Jerome and the Monastic Clergy A Commentary on Letter 52 to Nepotian, with an Introduction, Text, and Translation By AndrewCain LEIDEN•BOSTON 2013 Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100characters coveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitableforuseinthehumanities. Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN0920-623X ISBN978-90-04-23706-3(hardback) ISBN978-90-04-24438-2(e-book) Copyright2013byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,GlobalOriental,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishersandMartinusNijhoffPublishers. 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CONTENTS Preface.................................................................. vii Abbreviations........................................................... ix Introduction............................................................ 1 References.............................................................. 25 TEXTANDTRANSLATION AdNepotianum......................................................... 32 COMMENTARY Chapter1................................................................ 60 Chapter2 ............................................................... 76 Chapter3 ............................................................... 84 Chapter4 ............................................................... 108 Chapter5 ............................................................... 120 Chapter6 ............................................................... 156 Chapter7 ............................................................... 172 Chapter8 ............................................................... 189 Chapter9 ............................................................... 204 Chapter10 .............................................................. 212 Chapter11............................................................... 223 Chapter12 .............................................................. 234 Chapter13 .............................................................. 240 Chapter14 .............................................................. 249 Chapter15 .............................................................. 253 Chapter16 .............................................................. 259 Chapter17 .............................................................. 267 BibliographyofAncientAuthors ....................................... 275 IndexofNamesandSubjects ........................................... 291 IndexofSources ........................................................ 296 IndexofLatinWords ................................................... 323 IndexofGreekWords................................................... 325 IndexofHebrewandAramaicWords................................... 326 PREFACE Thisvolumeprovidesthefirstfull-scalecommentary,inanylanguage,on whatispreservedinmoderneditionsofJerome’scorrespondenceasLetter 52,anepistolarytreatiseaddressedtotheyoungItalianpriestNepotianin whichJeromearticulateshisradicalplanforimposingastrictasceticcodeof conductonthecontemporaryclergy.Thiswork,presentedhereinanewly revisedLatineditionaccompaniedbyafacing-pageEnglishtranslation,is one of Jerome’s most famous and (in posterity) most influential writings, yetuntilnowithasnotreceivedthedepthofscholarlyanalysisthatonly a proper commentary can afford.1 In its scope this commentary seeks to comprehensivelyaddressallfacetsofthetext—stylistic,literary,philolog- ical(Latin,Greek,Hebrew),historical,archeological,religious,theological, text-critical—whicharepertinenttoitselucidation,and,assuch,itishoped thatscholarsandstudentsofdiverseresearchinterestsandspecialtieswill derivebenefitfromtheexplanations.Furthermore,ithasbeenmyaimto citecopiousparallelpassagesfromclassicalandpatristicliteraturesoasto properlysituatetheworkanditsauthorintheirintellectualmilieu.2 DuringthecourseofwritingthisbookIhaveprofitedfromintellectual exchangeswithanumberofscholarswhomitisadelighttoacknowledge: NeilAdkin,IvorDavidson,JudyEvansGrubbs,DavidHunter,NoelLenski, Josef Lössl, Ralph Mathisen, Tom McGinn, Philip Rousseau, and Danuta Shanzer.IoweadebtofgratitudetotheLoebClassicalLibraryFoundation andtheUniversityofColoradoCouncilonResearchandCreativeWorkfor funding an extended sabbatical leave which enabled me to complete the present commentary as well as one on another famous work by Jerome, 1 By contrast with the works of other major canonical Latin authors, Jerome’s have receivedlessattentioninthisregardthanistheirdue,butthereareneverthelesssomefine commentariesonseveralofhisworks,suchasN.Adkin,JeromeonVirginity:ACommen- taryontheLibellusdevirginitateservanda(Letter22)(Cambridge,2003);G.J.M.Bartelink, Hieronymus,Liberdeoptimogenereinterpretandi(Epistula57).EinKommentar(Leiden,1980); P.Lardet,L’ApologiedeJérômecontreRufin:Uncommentaire(Leiden,1997);J.H.D.Scourfield, ConsolingHeliodorus:ACommentaryonJerome,Letter60(Oxford,1993). 2 Hencethecommentator’staskisakintothatoftheepigrapher(seeL.Robert,Die Epigraphik der klassischen Welt [Bonn, 1970], 47), who ideally should ground his or her interpretations not in a myopic consideration solely of the text at hand but rather in a considerationofthistextalongsidesimilar(anddissimilar)texts. viii preface Jerome’sEpitaphonPaula:ACommentaryontheEpitaphiumSanctaePaulae, with an Introduction, Text, and Translation (Oxford, 2013). Finally, warm thanksareduetotheeditorsoftheVigiliaeChristianaeSupplementsseries foracceptingthisbookforpublication,andIwishtothankinparticularJan denBoeftforhisinvaluableconstructivecriticisms. ABBREVIATIONS AAAD Antichitàaltoadriatiche AAntHung ActaAntiquaAcademiaeScientiarumHungaricae AASOR AnnualoftheAmericanSchoolsofOrientalResearch AB AnalectaBollandiana ABR AmericanBenedictineReview AC L’Antiquitéclassique AClass ActaClassica:ProceedingsoftheClassicalAssociationofSouthAfrica AEHEV Annuairedel’Écolepratiquedeshautesétudes,Vesec.,sciencesreligieuses AHIg AnuariodehistoriadelaIglesia AJPh AmericanJournalofPhilology AJSL AmericanJournalofSemiticLanguages AJT AsiaJournalofTheology ALGP AnnalidelLiceoClassicoG.GaribaldidiPalermo ALMA ArchivumLatinitatisMediiAevi(BulletinDuCange) AnnNap Annalidellafacoltàdilettereefilosofiadell’UniversitàdiNapoli ANRW AufstiegundNiedergangderrömischenWelt:GeschichteundKulturRoms imSpiegelderneuerenForschung AnnSE Annalidistoriadell’esegesi AT Antiquitétardive AugStud AugustinianStudies BAGB Bulletindel’AssociationGuillaumeBudé BALAC Bulletind’anciennelittératureetd’archéologiechrétiennes BArchCr Bullettinodiarcheologiacristiana BASO BulletinoftheAmericanSchoolsofOrientalResearchinJerusalemand Baghdad BJ BonnerJahrbücherdesRheinischenLandesmuseumsinBonn BLE Bulletindelittératureecclésiastique BN BiblischeNotizen BRL BulletinoftheJohnRylandsLibrary BSAF BulletindelasociéténationaledesantiquairesdeFrance BStudLat Bollettinodistudilatini ByzF ByzantinischeForschungen CBQ CatholicBiblicalQuarterly CCC Civiltàclassicaecristiana CCSL CorpusChristianorumseriesLatina CE Chroniqued’Égypte ChH ChurchHistory CIL CorpusinscriptionumLatinarum CISA Contributidell’IstitutodiStoriaanticadell’UniversitàdelSacroCuore CivCatt Civiltàcattolica CJ ClassicalJournal