Table Of Content

Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface..................................................................................................................................................................1 0.1. Contents of This Book......................................................................................................................1 0.2. Related Books...................................................................................................................................2 0.3. Java Programming Resources Online...............................................................................................2 0.4. Examples Online...............................................................................................................................3 0.5. Conventions Used in This Book.......................................................................................................4 0.6. We'd Like to Hear from You............................................................................................................5 0.7. Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................6 0.7.1. David Flanagan.................................................................................................................6 0.7.2. Jim Farley.........................................................................................................................6 0.7.3. William Crawford.............................................................................................................6 0.7.4. Kris Magnusson................................................................................................................6 1.1. Enterprise Computing Defined.........................................................................................................8 1.2. Enterprise Computing Demystified..................................................................................................8 1.3. The Java Enterprise APIs..................................................................................................................9 1.3.1. JDBC: Working with Databases.....................................................................................10 1.3.2. RMI: Remote Method Invocation...................................................................................10 1.3.3. Java IDL: CORBA Distributed Objects..........................................................................11 1.3.4. JNDI: Accessing Naming and Directory Services..........................................................11 1.3.5. Enterprise JavaBeans......................................................................................................12 1.3.6. Servlets............................................................................................................................12 1.3.7. JMS: Enterprise Messaging............................................................................................13 1.3.8. JTA: Managing Distributed Transactions.......................................................................13 1.4.1. Enabling E−Commerce for a Mail−Order Enterprise.....................................................14 1.4.2. Updating CornCo with Enterprise JavaBeans................................................................15 1.4. Enterprise Computing Scenarios.....................................................................................................16 1.5. Java Enterprise APIs Versus Jini....................................................................................................17 2.1. JDBC Architecture..........................................................................................................................18 2.2. JDBC Basics...................................................................................................................................20 2.3. JDBC Drivers..................................................................................................................................20 2.3.1. JDBC URLs....................................................................................................................21 2.3.2. The JDBC−ODBC Bridge..............................................................................................23 2.4. Connecting to the Database............................................................................................................24 2.5. Statements.......................................................................................................................................24 2.5.1. Multiple Result Sets........................................................................................................25 2.6.1. Handling Nulls................................................................................................................26 2.6.2. Large Data Types............................................................................................................27 2.6.3. Dates and Times..............................................................................................................28 2.6. Results.............................................................................................................................................29 2.7. Handling Errors...............................................................................................................................30 2.7.1. SQL Warnings................................................................................................................31 2.8. Prepared Statements........................................................................................................................31 2.9. Metadata..........................................................................................................................................32 2.9.1. DatabaseMetaData..........................................................................................................33 2.9.2. ResultSetMetaData.........................................................................................................34 2.10. Transactions..................................................................................................................................34 2.11. Stored Procedures.........................................................................................................................36 2.12. Escape Sequences.........................................................................................................................38 2.13. JDBC 2.0.......................................................................................................................................40 2.13.1. Results Handling...........................................................................................................41 2.13.2. Batch Updates...............................................................................................................43 2.13.3. Java−Aware Databases.................................................................................................43 i Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 2.13.4. BLOBs and CLOBs......................................................................................................45 2.13.5. The JDBC Standard Extension.....................................................................................46 3.1. Introduction to RMI........................................................................................................................47 3.1.1. RMI in Action.................................................................................................................47 3.1.2. RMI Architecture............................................................................................................49 3.1.3. RMI Object Services.......................................................................................................49 3.1.3.1. Naming/registry service...............................................................................................50 3.1.3.2. Object activation service..............................................................................................53 3.1.3.3. Distributed garbage collection.....................................................................................55 3.2.1. Key RMI Classes for Remote Object Implementations..................................................55 3.2. Defining Remote Objects................................................................................................................55 3.3. Creating the Stubs and Skeletons....................................................................................................56 3.4. Accessing Remote Objects as a Client............................................................................................56 3.4.1. The Registry and Naming Services................................................................................59 3.4.2. Remote Method Arguments and Return Values.............................................................60 3.4.3. Factory Classes...............................................................................................................61 3.5. Dynamically Loaded Classes..........................................................................................................61 3.5.1. Configuring Clients and Servers for Remote Class Loading..........................................63 3.5.2. Loading Classes from Applets........................................................................................64 3.6. Remote Object Activation...............................................................................................................65 3.6.1. Persistent Remote References.........................................................................................66 3.6.2. Defining an Activatable Remote Object.........................................................................68 3.6.2.1. The Activatable class...................................................................................................68 3.6.2.2. Implementing an activatable object.............................................................................70 3.6.3. Registering Activatable Objects.....................................................................................70 3.6.3.1. Registering an activatable object without instantiating...............................................70 3.6.3.2. Passing data with the MarshalledObject......................................................................71 3.6.4. Activation Groups...........................................................................................................73 3.6.4.1. Registering activation groups......................................................................................74 3.6.4.2. Assigning activatable objects to groups.......................................................................75 3.6.5. The Activation Daemon..................................................................................................75 3.6.5.1. The daemon's dual personality.....................................................................................76 3.7.1. RMI with JNI Versus CORBA.......................................................................................76 3.7. RMI and Native Method Calls........................................................................................................77 3.8. RMI over IIOP................................................................................................................................78 3.8.1. Accessing RMI Objects from CORBA...........................................................................78 4.1. The CORBA Architecture...............................................................................................................81 4.1.1. Interface Definition Language........................................................................................81 4.1.2. Object Request Broker....................................................................................................84 4.1.3. The Naming Service.......................................................................................................85 4.1.4. Inter−ORB Communication............................................................................................85 4.2. Creating CORBA Objects...............................................................................................................86 4.2.1. An IDL Primer................................................................................................................86 4.2.1.1. Modules.......................................................................................................................87 4.2.1.2. Interfaces......................................................................................................................88 4.2.1.3. Data members and methods.........................................................................................89 4.2.1.4. A complete IDL example.............................................................................................89 4.2.2. Turning IDL Into Java....................................................................................................90 4.2.2.1. A simple server class...................................................................................................90 4.2.2.2. The helper class...........................................................................................................90 4.2.2.3. The holder class...........................................................................................................91 ii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 4.2.2.4. The client and server stubs...........................................................................................91 4.2.3. Writing the Implementation............................................................................................92 4.3. Putting It in the Public Eye.............................................................................................................93 4.3.1. Initializing the ORB........................................................................................................95 4.3.2. Registering with a Naming Service................................................................................96 4.3.3. Adding Objects to a Naming Context.............................................................................98 4.4. Finding Remote Objects.................................................................................................................99 4.4.1. Initial ORB References.................................................................................................100 4.4.2. Getting Objects from Other Remote Objects................................................................101 4.4.2.1. Using a naming context.............................................................................................102 4.4.2.2. Using multiple naming services.................................................................................104 4.4.3. Stringified Object References.......................................................................................106 4.5. What If I Don't Know the Interface?............................................................................................106 4.5.1. Dynamic Invocation Interface......................................................................................106 5.1. The Servlet Life Cycle..................................................................................................................107 5.2. Servlet Basics................................................................................................................................109 5.2.1. HTTP Servlets...............................................................................................................111 5.2.2. Forms and Interaction...................................................................................................112 5.2.3. POST, HEAD, and Other Requests..............................................................................115 5.2.4. Servlet Responses.........................................................................................................115 5.2.5. Servlet Requests............................................................................................................117 5.2.6. Error Handling..............................................................................................................118 5.2.6.1. Status codes................................................................................................................119 5.2.6.2. Servlet exceptions......................................................................................................120 5.2.6.3. A file serving servlet..................................................................................................121 5.2.7. Security.........................................................................................................................121 5.8.1. HttpSessionBindingListener.........................................................................................122 5.8.2. Session Contexts...........................................................................................................123 5.3. Servlet Chaining...........................................................................................................................124 5.4. Custom Servlet Initialization........................................................................................................124 5.5. Thread Safety................................................................................................................................125 5.6. Server−Side Includes....................................................................................................................126 5.7. Cookies.........................................................................................................................................127 5.8. Session Tracking...........................................................................................................................130 5.9. Databases and Non−HTML Content............................................................................................132 5.10. The Servlet API 2.1.....................................................................................................................134 5.10.1. Request Dispatching...................................................................................................136 5.10.2. Shared Attributes........................................................................................................138 5.10.3. Resource Abstraction..................................................................................................138 6.1. JNDI Architecture.........................................................................................................................139 6.2. A JNDI Example...........................................................................................................................141 6.3. Introducing the Context................................................................................................................141 6.3.1. Using the InitialContext Class......................................................................................142 6.3.2. Other Naming Systems.................................................................................................142 6.5.1. The Command Interface...............................................................................................144 6.5.2. Loading an Initial Context............................................................................................144 6.5.3. Running the Shell..........................................................................................................146 6.6.1. How Names Work........................................................................................................147 6.6.2. Browsing a Naming System.........................................................................................148 6.6.3. Listing the Bindings of a Context.................................................................................148 6.4. Looking Up Objects in a Context.................................................................................................149 iii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 6.5. The NamingShell Application......................................................................................................150 6.6. Listing the Children of a Context.................................................................................................153 6.7. Creating and Destroying Contexts................................................................................................153 6.8. Binding Objects............................................................................................................................154 6.9. Accessing Directory Services.......................................................................................................155 6.9.1. X.500 Directories..........................................................................................................157 6.9.2. The DirContext Interface..............................................................................................158 6.9.3. The Attributes Interface................................................................................................159 6.9.4. The Attribute Interface..................................................................................................160 6.10. Modifying Directory Entries.......................................................................................................162 6.11. Creating Directory Entries..........................................................................................................163 6.12. Searching a Directory.................................................................................................................163 6.12.1. Search Criteria............................................................................................................164 6.12.2. Search Results.............................................................................................................164 6.12.3. Search Controls...........................................................................................................166 6.12.4. A Search Command....................................................................................................168 7.2.1. The EJB Client..............................................................................................................169 7.2.2. The Enterprise JavaBeans Object.................................................................................171 7.2.3. The EJB Container........................................................................................................171 7.1. A Note on Evolving Standards.....................................................................................................172 7.2. EJB Roles......................................................................................................................................172 7.3. Transaction Management..............................................................................................................173 7.3.1. Making the EJB Server Aware of Database Transactions............................................175 7.3.2. Transaction Isolation Levels.........................................................................................176 7.4.1. Home Interface.............................................................................................................176 7.4.2. Remote Interface...........................................................................................................177 7.4.3. The Bean Implementation.............................................................................................178 7.4. Implementing a Basic EJB Object................................................................................................180 7.5. Implementing Session Beans........................................................................................................182 7.5.1. Stateless Versus Stateful Session Beans.......................................................................184 7.5.2. Optional Transaction Support.......................................................................................185 7.6. Implementing Entity Beans..........................................................................................................186 7.6.1. Primary Keys................................................................................................................187 7.6.2. Finder Methods.............................................................................................................188 7.6.3. Entity Bean Implementation.........................................................................................188 7.6.3.1. A persistent ProfileBean............................................................................................191 7.6.4. The Entity Context........................................................................................................192 7.6.5. Life Cycle of an Entity Bean........................................................................................194 7.6.6. Handles on Entity Beans...............................................................................................195 7.6.7. Container−Managed Persistence..................................................................................196 7.6.7.1. Handling complex data structures..............................................................................197 7.7. Deploying an Enterprise JavaBeans Object..................................................................................198 7.7.1. Container−Managed Data Mapping.............................................................................199 7.7.2. Access−Control Deployment Attributes.......................................................................204 7.7.3. Generating the Container Classes and Deployment Descriptor....................................204 7.7.4. Packaging Enterprise JavaBeans..................................................................................205 7.8. Using an Enterprise JavaBeans Object.........................................................................................205 7.8.1. Finding Home Interfaces Through JNDI......................................................................209 7.8.2. Creating/Finding Beans................................................................................................210 7.8.3. Using Client−Side Transactions...................................................................................212 7.9. Changes in EJB 1.1 Specification.................................................................................................212 iv Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 7.9.1. XML−Based Deployment Descriptors.........................................................................213 7.9.2. Entity Beans Required..................................................................................................214 7.9.3. Home Handles...............................................................................................................215 7.9.4. Detailed Programming Restrictions for Bean Implementations...................................215 7.9.5. Assorted Other Changes...............................................................................................216 8.1. Relational Databases.....................................................................................................................217 8.2. Data Types....................................................................................................................................218 8.3. Schema Manipulation Commands................................................................................................219 8.3.1. CREATE TABLE.........................................................................................................219 8.3.2. ALTER TABLE............................................................................................................219 8.3.3. DROP............................................................................................................................219 8.4. Data Manipulation Commands.....................................................................................................219 8.4.1. SELECT........................................................................................................................221 8.4.1.1. String comparisons....................................................................................................221 8.4.1.2. Subqueries and joins..................................................................................................223 8.4.1.3. Groups........................................................................................................................224 8.4.2. INSERT........................................................................................................................224 8.4.3. UPDATE.......................................................................................................................225 8.4.4. DELETE.......................................................................................................................226 8.5. Functions.......................................................................................................................................227 8.5.1. Aggregate Functions.....................................................................................................227 8.5.2. Value Functions............................................................................................................228 8.5.2.1. Date/time functions....................................................................................................229 8.5.2.2. String manipulation functions....................................................................................230 8.6. Return Codes.................................................................................................................................231 10.1. IDL Keywords............................................................................................................................231 10.2. Identifiers....................................................................................................................................232 10.2.1. Mapping Identifiers to Java........................................................................................233 10.3. Comments...................................................................................................................................233 10.3.1. Mapping Comments to Java.......................................................................................233 10.4.1. Strings and Characters................................................................................................233 10.4.1.1. Mapping strings and characters to Java...................................................................234 10.4. Basic Data Types........................................................................................................................235 10.5. Constants and Literals.................................................................................................................238 10.5.1. Mapping Constants to Java.........................................................................................243 10.5.2. Boolean Literals..........................................................................................................244 10.5.3. Numeric Literals.........................................................................................................245 10.5.3.1. Integer literals..........................................................................................................245 10.5.3.2. Floating−point literals..............................................................................................246 10.5.3.3. Fixed−point literals..................................................................................................246 10.5.3.4. Mapping numeric literals to Java.............................................................................247 10.5.4. Character Literals........................................................................................................247 10.5.5. String Literals.............................................................................................................248 10.6. Naming Scopes...........................................................................................................................248 10.7. User−Defined Data Types..........................................................................................................249 10.7.1. Typedefs......................................................................................................................249 10.7.1.1. Mapping typedefs to Java........................................................................................249 10.7.2. Arrays..........................................................................................................................249 10.7.2.1. Mapping arrays to Java............................................................................................249 10.7.3. Sequences....................................................................................................................250 10.7.3.1. Mapping sequences to Java......................................................................................250 v Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 10.7.4. Structs.........................................................................................................................250 10.7.4.1. Mapping structs to Java...........................................................................................251 10.7.5. Enumerations..............................................................................................................252 10.7.5.1. Mapping enumerations to Java................................................................................253 10.7.6. Unions.........................................................................................................................254 10.7.6.1. Mapping unions to Java...........................................................................................254 10.8. Exceptions...................................................................................................................................254 10.8.1. Standard Exceptions...................................................................................................255 10.8.2. Mapping Exceptions to Java.......................................................................................255 10.9. Module Declarations...................................................................................................................256 10.9.1. Mapping Modules to Java...........................................................................................256 10.10. Interface Declarations...............................................................................................................256 10.10.1. Attributes..................................................................................................................257 10.10.2. Methods....................................................................................................................257 10.10.2.1. Parameters..............................................................................................................258 10.10.2.2. Exceptions..............................................................................................................259 10.10.2.3. Context values........................................................................................................262 10.10.2.4. Call semantics........................................................................................................262 10.10.3. Interface Inheritance.................................................................................................263 10.10.3.1. Method and attribute inheritance...........................................................................264 10.10.3.2. Constant, type, and exception inheritance.............................................................264 10.10.3.3. IDL early binding...................................................................................................265 10.10.4. Mapping Interfaces to Java.......................................................................................265 10.10.4.1. Helper and holder classes......................................................................................266 10.10.4.2. Attributes...............................................................................................................267 10.10.4.3. Methods.................................................................................................................267 11.1. Naming Service...........................................................................................................................268 11.2. Security Service..........................................................................................................................269 11.3. Event Service..............................................................................................................................269 11.4. Persistent Object Service............................................................................................................269 11.5. Life Cycle Service.......................................................................................................................270 11.6. Concurrency Control Service......................................................................................................270 11.7. Externalization Service...............................................................................................................271 11.8. Relationship Service...................................................................................................................271 11.9. Transaction Service.....................................................................................................................272 11.10. Query Service............................................................................................................................272 11.11. Licensing Service......................................................................................................................274 11.12. Property Service........................................................................................................................274 11.13. Time Service.............................................................................................................................275 11.14. Trading Service.........................................................................................................................276 11.15. Collection Service.....................................................................................................................276 1. Finding a Quick−Reference Entry...................................................................................................277 2. Reading a Quick−Reference Entry..................................................................................................278 2.1. Class Name, Package Name, Availability, and Flags......................................................278 2.2. Description.......................................................................................................................279 2.3. Synopsis...........................................................................................................................280 2.3.1. Member availability and flags......................................................................................281 2.3.2. Functional grouping of members..................................................................................282 2.4. Class Hierarchy................................................................................................................282 2.5. Cross References..............................................................................................................283 2.6. A Note About Class Names.............................................................................................284 vi Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface Colophon..............................................................................................................................................284 Copyright © 2001 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved....................................286 Logos and Trademarks............................................................................................................289 Disclaimer...............................................................................................................................299 1. Finding a Quick−Reference Entry...................................................................................................310 2. Reading a Quick−Reference Entry..................................................................................................312 2.1. Class Name, Package Name, Availability, and Flags......................................................315 2.2. Description.......................................................................................................................329 2.3. Synopsis...........................................................................................................................356 2.3.1. Member availability and flags......................................................................................365 2.3.2. Functional grouping of members..................................................................................370 2.4. Class Hierarchy................................................................................................................400 2.5. Cross References..............................................................................................................422 2.6. A Note About Class Names.............................................................................................434 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................438 Part 1: Introducing the Java Enterprise APIs.........................................................................446 Part 2: Enterprise Reference..................................................................................................454 Part 3: API Quick Reference.................................................................................................462 Chapter 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................470 Chapter 2. JDBC.............................................................................................................................................474 Chapter 3. Remote Method Invocation.........................................................................................................529 Chapter 4. Java IDL.......................................................................................................................................532 Chapter 5. Java Servlets.................................................................................................................................534 Chapter 6. JNDI..............................................................................................................................................543 Chapter 7. Enterprise JavaBeans..................................................................................................................545 Chapter 8. SQL Reference.............................................................................................................................559 Chapter 9. RMI Tools.....................................................................................................................................569 Chapter 10. IDL Reference............................................................................................................................651 Chapter 11. CORBA Services Reference......................................................................................................651 Chapter 12. Java IDL Tools...........................................................................................................................651 Chapter 13. The java.rmi Package................................................................................................................652 Chapter 14. The java.rmi.activation Package..............................................................................................653 Chapter 15. The java.rmi.dgc Package.........................................................................................................653 vii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Chapter 16. The java.rmi.registry Package..................................................................................................653 Chapter 17. The java.rmi.server Package....................................................................................................656 Chapter 18. The java.sql Package.................................................................................................................657 Chapter 19. The javax.ejb Package...............................................................................................................657 Chapter 20. The javax.ejb.deployment Package..........................................................................................658 Chapter 21. The javax.jms Package..............................................................................................................659 Chapter 22. The javax.naming Package.......................................................................................................659 Chapter 23. The javax.naming.directory Package......................................................................................660 Chapter 24. The javax.naming.spi Package.................................................................................................660 Chapter 25. The javax.servlet Package.........................................................................................................661 Chapter 26. The javax.servlet.http Package.................................................................................................661 Chapter 27. The javax.sql Package...............................................................................................................661 Chapter 28. The javax.transaction Package.................................................................................................662 Chapter 29. The javax.transaction.xa Package............................................................................................663 Chapter 30. The org.omg.CORBA Package.................................................................................................663 Chapter 31. The org.omg.CORBA.DynAnyPackage Package...................................................................663 Chapter 32. The org.omg.CORBA.ORBPackage Package.........................................................................666 Chapter 33. The org.omg.CORBA.portable Package.................................................................................667 Chapter 34. The org.omg.CORBA.TypeCodePackage Package................................................................667 Chapter 35. The org.omg.CosNaming Package...........................................................................................668 Chapter 36. The org.omg.CosNaming. NamingContextPackage Package................................................669 Chapter 37. Class, Method, and Field Index................................................................................................669 How to Use This Quick Reference.................................................................................................................669 How to Use This Quick Reference.................................................................................................................669 Part 1. Introducing the Java Enterprise APIs..............................................................................................671 viii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Part 2. Enterprise Reference..........................................................................................................................672 Part 3. API Quick Reference..........................................................................................................................673 ix

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683 Pages·2001·2.541 MB·English
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Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface..................................................................................................................................................................1 0.1. Contents of This Book......................................................................................................................1 0.2. Related Books...................................................................................................................................2 0.3. Java Programming Resources Online...............................................................................................2 0.4. Examples Online...............................................................................................................................3 0.5. Conventions Used in This Book.......................................................................................................4 0.6. We'd Like to Hear from You............................................................................................................5 0.7. Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................6 0.7.1. David Flanagan.................................................................................................................6 0.7.2. Jim Farley.........................................................................................................................6 0.7.3. William Crawford.............................................................................................................6 0.7.4. Kris Magnusson................................................................................................................6 1.1. Enterprise Computing Defined.........................................................................................................8 1.2. Enterprise Computing Demystified..................................................................................................8 1.3. The Java Enterprise APIs..................................................................................................................9 1.3.1. JDBC: Working with Databases.....................................................................................10 1.3.2. RMI: Remote Method Invocation...................................................................................10 1.3.3. Java IDL: CORBA Distributed Objects..........................................................................11 1.3.4. JNDI: Accessing Naming and Directory Services..........................................................11 1.3.5. Enterprise JavaBeans......................................................................................................12 1.3.6. Servlets............................................................................................................................12 1.3.7. JMS: Enterprise Messaging............................................................................................13 1.3.8. JTA: Managing Distributed Transactions.......................................................................13 1.4.1. Enabling E−Commerce for a Mail−Order Enterprise.....................................................14 1.4.2. Updating CornCo with Enterprise JavaBeans................................................................15 1.4. Enterprise Computing Scenarios.....................................................................................................16 1.5. Java Enterprise APIs Versus Jini....................................................................................................17 2.1. JDBC Architecture..........................................................................................................................18 2.2. JDBC Basics...................................................................................................................................20 2.3. JDBC Drivers..................................................................................................................................20 2.3.1. JDBC URLs....................................................................................................................21 2.3.2. The JDBC−ODBC Bridge..............................................................................................23 2.4. Connecting to the Database............................................................................................................24 2.5. Statements.......................................................................................................................................24 2.5.1. Multiple Result Sets........................................................................................................25 2.6.1. Handling Nulls................................................................................................................26 2.6.2. Large Data Types............................................................................................................27 2.6.3. Dates and Times..............................................................................................................28 2.6. Results.............................................................................................................................................29 2.7. Handling Errors...............................................................................................................................30 2.7.1. SQL Warnings................................................................................................................31 2.8. Prepared Statements........................................................................................................................31 2.9. Metadata..........................................................................................................................................32 2.9.1. DatabaseMetaData..........................................................................................................33 2.9.2. ResultSetMetaData.........................................................................................................34 2.10. Transactions..................................................................................................................................34 2.11. Stored Procedures.........................................................................................................................36 2.12. Escape Sequences.........................................................................................................................38 2.13. JDBC 2.0.......................................................................................................................................40 2.13.1. Results Handling...........................................................................................................41 2.13.2. Batch Updates...............................................................................................................43 2.13.3. Java−Aware Databases.................................................................................................43 i Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 2.13.4. BLOBs and CLOBs......................................................................................................45 2.13.5. The JDBC Standard Extension.....................................................................................46 3.1. Introduction to RMI........................................................................................................................47 3.1.1. RMI in Action.................................................................................................................47 3.1.2. RMI Architecture............................................................................................................49 3.1.3. RMI Object Services.......................................................................................................49 3.1.3.1. Naming/registry service...............................................................................................50 3.1.3.2. Object activation service..............................................................................................53 3.1.3.3. Distributed garbage collection.....................................................................................55 3.2.1. Key RMI Classes for Remote Object Implementations..................................................55 3.2. Defining Remote Objects................................................................................................................55 3.3. Creating the Stubs and Skeletons....................................................................................................56 3.4. Accessing Remote Objects as a Client............................................................................................56 3.4.1. The Registry and Naming Services................................................................................59 3.4.2. Remote Method Arguments and Return Values.............................................................60 3.4.3. Factory Classes...............................................................................................................61 3.5. Dynamically Loaded Classes..........................................................................................................61 3.5.1. Configuring Clients and Servers for Remote Class Loading..........................................63 3.5.2. Loading Classes from Applets........................................................................................64 3.6. Remote Object Activation...............................................................................................................65 3.6.1. Persistent Remote References.........................................................................................66 3.6.2. Defining an Activatable Remote Object.........................................................................68 3.6.2.1. The Activatable class...................................................................................................68 3.6.2.2. Implementing an activatable object.............................................................................70 3.6.3. Registering Activatable Objects.....................................................................................70 3.6.3.1. Registering an activatable object without instantiating...............................................70 3.6.3.2. Passing data with the MarshalledObject......................................................................71 3.6.4. Activation Groups...........................................................................................................73 3.6.4.1. Registering activation groups......................................................................................74 3.6.4.2. Assigning activatable objects to groups.......................................................................75 3.6.5. The Activation Daemon..................................................................................................75 3.6.5.1. The daemon's dual personality.....................................................................................76 3.7.1. RMI with JNI Versus CORBA.......................................................................................76 3.7. RMI and Native Method Calls........................................................................................................77 3.8. RMI over IIOP................................................................................................................................78 3.8.1. Accessing RMI Objects from CORBA...........................................................................78 4.1. The CORBA Architecture...............................................................................................................81 4.1.1. Interface Definition Language........................................................................................81 4.1.2. Object Request Broker....................................................................................................84 4.1.3. The Naming Service.......................................................................................................85 4.1.4. Inter−ORB Communication............................................................................................85 4.2. Creating CORBA Objects...............................................................................................................86 4.2.1. An IDL Primer................................................................................................................86 4.2.1.1. Modules.......................................................................................................................87 4.2.1.2. Interfaces......................................................................................................................88 4.2.1.3. Data members and methods.........................................................................................89 4.2.1.4. A complete IDL example.............................................................................................89 4.2.2. Turning IDL Into Java....................................................................................................90 4.2.2.1. A simple server class...................................................................................................90 4.2.2.2. The helper class...........................................................................................................90 4.2.2.3. The holder class...........................................................................................................91 ii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 4.2.2.4. The client and server stubs...........................................................................................91 4.2.3. Writing the Implementation............................................................................................92 4.3. Putting It in the Public Eye.............................................................................................................93 4.3.1. Initializing the ORB........................................................................................................95 4.3.2. Registering with a Naming Service................................................................................96 4.3.3. Adding Objects to a Naming Context.............................................................................98 4.4. Finding Remote Objects.................................................................................................................99 4.4.1. Initial ORB References.................................................................................................100 4.4.2. Getting Objects from Other Remote Objects................................................................101 4.4.2.1. Using a naming context.............................................................................................102 4.4.2.2. Using multiple naming services.................................................................................104 4.4.3. Stringified Object References.......................................................................................106 4.5. What If I Don't Know the Interface?............................................................................................106 4.5.1. Dynamic Invocation Interface......................................................................................106 5.1. The Servlet Life Cycle..................................................................................................................107 5.2. Servlet Basics................................................................................................................................109 5.2.1. HTTP Servlets...............................................................................................................111 5.2.2. Forms and Interaction...................................................................................................112 5.2.3. POST, HEAD, and Other Requests..............................................................................115 5.2.4. Servlet Responses.........................................................................................................115 5.2.5. Servlet Requests............................................................................................................117 5.2.6. Error Handling..............................................................................................................118 5.2.6.1. Status codes................................................................................................................119 5.2.6.2. Servlet exceptions......................................................................................................120 5.2.6.3. A file serving servlet..................................................................................................121 5.2.7. Security.........................................................................................................................121 5.8.1. HttpSessionBindingListener.........................................................................................122 5.8.2. Session Contexts...........................................................................................................123 5.3. Servlet Chaining...........................................................................................................................124 5.4. Custom Servlet Initialization........................................................................................................124 5.5. Thread Safety................................................................................................................................125 5.6. Server−Side Includes....................................................................................................................126 5.7. Cookies.........................................................................................................................................127 5.8. Session Tracking...........................................................................................................................130 5.9. Databases and Non−HTML Content............................................................................................132 5.10. The Servlet API 2.1.....................................................................................................................134 5.10.1. Request Dispatching...................................................................................................136 5.10.2. Shared Attributes........................................................................................................138 5.10.3. Resource Abstraction..................................................................................................138 6.1. JNDI Architecture.........................................................................................................................139 6.2. A JNDI Example...........................................................................................................................141 6.3. Introducing the Context................................................................................................................141 6.3.1. Using the InitialContext Class......................................................................................142 6.3.2. Other Naming Systems.................................................................................................142 6.5.1. The Command Interface...............................................................................................144 6.5.2. Loading an Initial Context............................................................................................144 6.5.3. Running the Shell..........................................................................................................146 6.6.1. How Names Work........................................................................................................147 6.6.2. Browsing a Naming System.........................................................................................148 6.6.3. Listing the Bindings of a Context.................................................................................148 6.4. Looking Up Objects in a Context.................................................................................................149 iii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 6.5. The NamingShell Application......................................................................................................150 6.6. Listing the Children of a Context.................................................................................................153 6.7. Creating and Destroying Contexts................................................................................................153 6.8. Binding Objects............................................................................................................................154 6.9. Accessing Directory Services.......................................................................................................155 6.9.1. X.500 Directories..........................................................................................................157 6.9.2. The DirContext Interface..............................................................................................158 6.9.3. The Attributes Interface................................................................................................159 6.9.4. The Attribute Interface..................................................................................................160 6.10. Modifying Directory Entries.......................................................................................................162 6.11. Creating Directory Entries..........................................................................................................163 6.12. Searching a Directory.................................................................................................................163 6.12.1. Search Criteria............................................................................................................164 6.12.2. Search Results.............................................................................................................164 6.12.3. Search Controls...........................................................................................................166 6.12.4. A Search Command....................................................................................................168 7.2.1. The EJB Client..............................................................................................................169 7.2.2. The Enterprise JavaBeans Object.................................................................................171 7.2.3. The EJB Container........................................................................................................171 7.1. A Note on Evolving Standards.....................................................................................................172 7.2. EJB Roles......................................................................................................................................172 7.3. Transaction Management..............................................................................................................173 7.3.1. Making the EJB Server Aware of Database Transactions............................................175 7.3.2. Transaction Isolation Levels.........................................................................................176 7.4.1. Home Interface.............................................................................................................176 7.4.2. Remote Interface...........................................................................................................177 7.4.3. The Bean Implementation.............................................................................................178 7.4. Implementing a Basic EJB Object................................................................................................180 7.5. Implementing Session Beans........................................................................................................182 7.5.1. Stateless Versus Stateful Session Beans.......................................................................184 7.5.2. Optional Transaction Support.......................................................................................185 7.6. Implementing Entity Beans..........................................................................................................186 7.6.1. Primary Keys................................................................................................................187 7.6.2. Finder Methods.............................................................................................................188 7.6.3. Entity Bean Implementation.........................................................................................188 7.6.3.1. A persistent ProfileBean............................................................................................191 7.6.4. The Entity Context........................................................................................................192 7.6.5. Life Cycle of an Entity Bean........................................................................................194 7.6.6. Handles on Entity Beans...............................................................................................195 7.6.7. Container−Managed Persistence..................................................................................196 7.6.7.1. Handling complex data structures..............................................................................197 7.7. Deploying an Enterprise JavaBeans Object..................................................................................198 7.7.1. Container−Managed Data Mapping.............................................................................199 7.7.2. Access−Control Deployment Attributes.......................................................................204 7.7.3. Generating the Container Classes and Deployment Descriptor....................................204 7.7.4. Packaging Enterprise JavaBeans..................................................................................205 7.8. Using an Enterprise JavaBeans Object.........................................................................................205 7.8.1. Finding Home Interfaces Through JNDI......................................................................209 7.8.2. Creating/Finding Beans................................................................................................210 7.8.3. Using Client−Side Transactions...................................................................................212 7.9. Changes in EJB 1.1 Specification.................................................................................................212 iv Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 7.9.1. XML−Based Deployment Descriptors.........................................................................213 7.9.2. Entity Beans Required..................................................................................................214 7.9.3. Home Handles...............................................................................................................215 7.9.4. Detailed Programming Restrictions for Bean Implementations...................................215 7.9.5. Assorted Other Changes...............................................................................................216 8.1. Relational Databases.....................................................................................................................217 8.2. Data Types....................................................................................................................................218 8.3. Schema Manipulation Commands................................................................................................219 8.3.1. CREATE TABLE.........................................................................................................219 8.3.2. ALTER TABLE............................................................................................................219 8.3.3. DROP............................................................................................................................219 8.4. Data Manipulation Commands.....................................................................................................219 8.4.1. SELECT........................................................................................................................221 8.4.1.1. String comparisons....................................................................................................221 8.4.1.2. Subqueries and joins..................................................................................................223 8.4.1.3. Groups........................................................................................................................224 8.4.2. INSERT........................................................................................................................224 8.4.3. UPDATE.......................................................................................................................225 8.4.4. DELETE.......................................................................................................................226 8.5. Functions.......................................................................................................................................227 8.5.1. Aggregate Functions.....................................................................................................227 8.5.2. Value Functions............................................................................................................228 8.5.2.1. Date/time functions....................................................................................................229 8.5.2.2. String manipulation functions....................................................................................230 8.6. Return Codes.................................................................................................................................231 10.1. IDL Keywords............................................................................................................................231 10.2. Identifiers....................................................................................................................................232 10.2.1. Mapping Identifiers to Java........................................................................................233 10.3. Comments...................................................................................................................................233 10.3.1. Mapping Comments to Java.......................................................................................233 10.4.1. Strings and Characters................................................................................................233 10.4.1.1. Mapping strings and characters to Java...................................................................234 10.4. Basic Data Types........................................................................................................................235 10.5. Constants and Literals.................................................................................................................238 10.5.1. Mapping Constants to Java.........................................................................................243 10.5.2. Boolean Literals..........................................................................................................244 10.5.3. Numeric Literals.........................................................................................................245 10.5.3.1. Integer literals..........................................................................................................245 10.5.3.2. Floating−point literals..............................................................................................246 10.5.3.3. Fixed−point literals..................................................................................................246 10.5.3.4. Mapping numeric literals to Java.............................................................................247 10.5.4. Character Literals........................................................................................................247 10.5.5. String Literals.............................................................................................................248 10.6. Naming Scopes...........................................................................................................................248 10.7. User−Defined Data Types..........................................................................................................249 10.7.1. Typedefs......................................................................................................................249 10.7.1.1. Mapping typedefs to Java........................................................................................249 10.7.2. Arrays..........................................................................................................................249 10.7.2.1. Mapping arrays to Java............................................................................................249 10.7.3. Sequences....................................................................................................................250 10.7.3.1. Mapping sequences to Java......................................................................................250 v Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface 10.7.4. Structs.........................................................................................................................250 10.7.4.1. Mapping structs to Java...........................................................................................251 10.7.5. Enumerations..............................................................................................................252 10.7.5.1. Mapping enumerations to Java................................................................................253 10.7.6. Unions.........................................................................................................................254 10.7.6.1. Mapping unions to Java...........................................................................................254 10.8. Exceptions...................................................................................................................................254 10.8.1. Standard Exceptions...................................................................................................255 10.8.2. Mapping Exceptions to Java.......................................................................................255 10.9. Module Declarations...................................................................................................................256 10.9.1. Mapping Modules to Java...........................................................................................256 10.10. Interface Declarations...............................................................................................................256 10.10.1. Attributes..................................................................................................................257 10.10.2. Methods....................................................................................................................257 10.10.2.1. Parameters..............................................................................................................258 10.10.2.2. Exceptions..............................................................................................................259 10.10.2.3. Context values........................................................................................................262 10.10.2.4. Call semantics........................................................................................................262 10.10.3. Interface Inheritance.................................................................................................263 10.10.3.1. Method and attribute inheritance...........................................................................264 10.10.3.2. Constant, type, and exception inheritance.............................................................264 10.10.3.3. IDL early binding...................................................................................................265 10.10.4. Mapping Interfaces to Java.......................................................................................265 10.10.4.1. Helper and holder classes......................................................................................266 10.10.4.2. Attributes...............................................................................................................267 10.10.4.3. Methods.................................................................................................................267 11.1. Naming Service...........................................................................................................................268 11.2. Security Service..........................................................................................................................269 11.3. Event Service..............................................................................................................................269 11.4. Persistent Object Service............................................................................................................269 11.5. Life Cycle Service.......................................................................................................................270 11.6. Concurrency Control Service......................................................................................................270 11.7. Externalization Service...............................................................................................................271 11.8. Relationship Service...................................................................................................................271 11.9. Transaction Service.....................................................................................................................272 11.10. Query Service............................................................................................................................272 11.11. Licensing Service......................................................................................................................274 11.12. Property Service........................................................................................................................274 11.13. Time Service.............................................................................................................................275 11.14. Trading Service.........................................................................................................................276 11.15. Collection Service.....................................................................................................................276 1. Finding a Quick−Reference Entry...................................................................................................277 2. Reading a Quick−Reference Entry..................................................................................................278 2.1. Class Name, Package Name, Availability, and Flags......................................................278 2.2. Description.......................................................................................................................279 2.3. Synopsis...........................................................................................................................280 2.3.1. Member availability and flags......................................................................................281 2.3.2. Functional grouping of members..................................................................................282 2.4. Class Hierarchy................................................................................................................282 2.5. Cross References..............................................................................................................283 2.6. A Note About Class Names.............................................................................................284 vi Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Preface Colophon..............................................................................................................................................284 Copyright © 2001 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved....................................286 Logos and Trademarks............................................................................................................289 Disclaimer...............................................................................................................................299 1. Finding a Quick−Reference Entry...................................................................................................310 2. Reading a Quick−Reference Entry..................................................................................................312 2.1. Class Name, Package Name, Availability, and Flags......................................................315 2.2. Description.......................................................................................................................329 2.3. Synopsis...........................................................................................................................356 2.3.1. Member availability and flags......................................................................................365 2.3.2. Functional grouping of members..................................................................................370 2.4. Class Hierarchy................................................................................................................400 2.5. Cross References..............................................................................................................422 2.6. A Note About Class Names.............................................................................................434 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................438 Part 1: Introducing the Java Enterprise APIs.........................................................................446 Part 2: Enterprise Reference..................................................................................................454 Part 3: API Quick Reference.................................................................................................462 Chapter 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................470 Chapter 2. JDBC.............................................................................................................................................474 Chapter 3. Remote Method Invocation.........................................................................................................529 Chapter 4. Java IDL.......................................................................................................................................532 Chapter 5. Java Servlets.................................................................................................................................534 Chapter 6. JNDI..............................................................................................................................................543 Chapter 7. Enterprise JavaBeans..................................................................................................................545 Chapter 8. SQL Reference.............................................................................................................................559 Chapter 9. RMI Tools.....................................................................................................................................569 Chapter 10. IDL Reference............................................................................................................................651 Chapter 11. CORBA Services Reference......................................................................................................651 Chapter 12. Java IDL Tools...........................................................................................................................651 Chapter 13. The java.rmi Package................................................................................................................652 Chapter 14. The java.rmi.activation Package..............................................................................................653 Chapter 15. The java.rmi.dgc Package.........................................................................................................653 vii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Chapter 16. The java.rmi.registry Package..................................................................................................653 Chapter 17. The java.rmi.server Package....................................................................................................656 Chapter 18. The java.sql Package.................................................................................................................657 Chapter 19. The javax.ejb Package...............................................................................................................657 Chapter 20. The javax.ejb.deployment Package..........................................................................................658 Chapter 21. The javax.jms Package..............................................................................................................659 Chapter 22. The javax.naming Package.......................................................................................................659 Chapter 23. The javax.naming.directory Package......................................................................................660 Chapter 24. The javax.naming.spi Package.................................................................................................660 Chapter 25. The javax.servlet Package.........................................................................................................661 Chapter 26. The javax.servlet.http Package.................................................................................................661 Chapter 27. The javax.sql Package...............................................................................................................661 Chapter 28. The javax.transaction Package.................................................................................................662 Chapter 29. The javax.transaction.xa Package............................................................................................663 Chapter 30. The org.omg.CORBA Package.................................................................................................663 Chapter 31. The org.omg.CORBA.DynAnyPackage Package...................................................................663 Chapter 32. The org.omg.CORBA.ORBPackage Package.........................................................................666 Chapter 33. The org.omg.CORBA.portable Package.................................................................................667 Chapter 34. The org.omg.CORBA.TypeCodePackage Package................................................................667 Chapter 35. The org.omg.CosNaming Package...........................................................................................668 Chapter 36. The org.omg.CosNaming. NamingContextPackage Package................................................669 Chapter 37. Class, Method, and Field Index................................................................................................669 How to Use This Quick Reference.................................................................................................................669 How to Use This Quick Reference.................................................................................................................669 Part 1. Introducing the Java Enterprise APIs..............................................................................................671 viii Preface (Java Enterprise in a Nutshell) Table of Contents Part 2. Enterprise Reference..........................................................................................................................672 Part 3. API Quick Reference..........................................................................................................................673 ix

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