Japanese Foreign Policy Today This page intentionally left blank Japanese Foreign Policy Today A Reader Edited by Inoguchi Takashi and Purnendra Jain Palgrave JAPANESE FOREIGN POLICY TODAY Copyright © Inoguchi Takashi and Purnendra Jain, 2000. Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 2000 978-0-312-22707-4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any man ner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quota tions embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2000 by PALGRAVE™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE™ is the new global publishing imprint of St. Martin's Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-62531-4 ISBN 978-1-349-62529-1 ( eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-62529-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data / Japanese foreign policy today edited by Inoguchi Takashi and Purnendra Jain. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Japan-Foreign relations-1989- I. Inoguchi, Takashi. II. Jain, Purnendra. DS891.2 .J36 2000 327.52-dc21 99-462010 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Westchester Book Composition First edition: November 2000 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The transcription of personal names in this book follows country practice, with exceptions made for the name order adopted in publications originally pub lished in English. CONTENTS About the Authors vu Introduction: Beyond Karaoke Diplomacy? Inoguchi Takashi and Pumendra]ain XI PART 1: THE ACTORS 1. Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy, Tanaka Akihiko 3 2. Emerging Foreign Policy Actors: Subnational Governments and Nongovernmental Organizations, Purnendra Jain 18 PART II: THE ISSUES 3. Japan and International Organizations, Edward Newman 43 4. Globalization and Regionalization, Moon Chung-in and Park Han-kyu 65 5. Japanese Foreign Policy and Human Rights, Ian Neary 83 6. Japanese Environmental Foreign Policy, Ohta Hiroshi 96 7. Japanese Role in PKO and Humanitarian Assistance, Caroline Rose 122 8. Ironies ofJ apanese Defense and Disarmament Policy, Tsuchiyama ]itsuo 136 9. Official Development Assistance (ODA) As a Japanese Foreign Policy Tool, Fukushima Akiko 152 PART III: THE RELATIONSHIPS 10. U.S.-Japan Relations in the Post-Cold War Era: Ambiguous Adjustment to a Changing Strategic Environment, Akaha Tsuneo 177 11. Japan and the European Union, Reinhard Drifte 194 12. The Waiting Game: Japan-Russia Relations, C. W Braddick 209 vi CONTENTS 13. Japanese Foreign Policy Toward Northeast Asia, Kamiya Matake 226 14. Japanese Relations with Southeast Asia in an Era of Turbulence, Lam Peng Er 251 15. Japan and South Asia: Between Cooperation and Confrontation, Purnendra Jain 266 16. Japan and Australia, Rikki Kersten 283 Bibliography 297 Index 312 ABOUT THE AUTHORS AKAHA Tsuneo is director of the Center for East Asian Studies at the Mon teray Institute of International Studies, California. He received his Ph.D. in international relations from the University of Southern California. He is author ofJ apan in Global Ocean Politics (University of Hawaii Press and the Law of the Sea Institute, 1985), editor of Politics and Economics in the Russian Far East: Chang ing Ties with Asia-Pacific (Routledge, 1997), and Politics and Economics in Northeast Asia: Nationalism and Regionalism in Contention (St. Martin's Press, 1999); co editor of International Political Economy: A Reader (Harper Collins, 1991), and Japan in the Posthegemonic World (Lynne Rienner, 1993). He is currently spear heading a multinational collaborative research project on international cooperation in establishing regional order Northeast Asia. C. W. BRAD DICK is Professor oflnternational Relations at Musashi Univer sity, Tokyo. He is a graduate of the University of Wales and the University of London and received his D. Phil. from Oxford University for a thesis entitled: japan and the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1964 (forthcoming from St. Antony's/Macmillan). He is also the author of numerous articles on Japan's postwar foreign relations, including most recently, "In the Shadow of the Mono lith: Japan's China Policy During the Early Cold War, 1949-1954," in Harold Fuess ed., The Japanese Empire in East Asia and Its Postwar Legacy, Munich: Judi cium Verlag, 1998, and "Distant Friends: Britain and Japan in the Age of Global ization, 1958-1995," in Ian Nish and Yoichi Kibata, eds., The History cif Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000: The Political Diplomatic Dimension, Volume II 1931-2000. (Forthcoming from Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press [in Japan ese] and Macmillan [in English], 1999). Reinhard DRIFTE is Professor ofJ apanese Studies and in the Department of Politics at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne and former Director of the Newcastle East Asia Centre (1989-96). Author of many books, book chapters, and articles on issues of Japan's defense, security, foreign policy, and Japan- viii About the Authors Europe relations, his latest book is Japan's Quest for a Permanent Security Council Seat: A Matter of Pride or justice (Macmillan/St. Antony's Series; St. Martin's Press, 2000;Japanese edition Iwanami Shoten, 2000). FUKUSHIMA Akiko is a Senior Researcher at the National Institute for Research Advancement, a government-affiliated policy research organization based in Tokyo. She has served as a member of the Committee on International Economy of the Prime Minister's Office since 1995. She received her master's degree in international politics from Johns Hopkins University and her Ph.D. in international public policy from Osaka University. She is the author ofjapanese Foreign Policy: The Emerging Logic of Multilateralilsm (London: Macmillan, 19 99). !NOGUCHI Takashi is Professor of International Relations at the University of Tokyo. In addition to more than two dozen books in Japanese on interna tional relations and politics, he is the author in English of japan's International Relations (Pinter Publishers, 1991), japan's Foreign Policy in an Era of Global Change (Pinter Publishers, 1993), and Global Change: A Japanese Perspective (Macmillan, forthcoming), has edited and co-edited, among others, the Political Economy of Japan: The International Context (Stanford University Press, 1989), United States-japan Relations and International Institutions After the Cold War (Grad uate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of Cali fornia, San Diego, 1995), Northeast Asian Regional Security (United Nations University Press, 1997), The Changing Nature of Democracy (United Nations Uni versity Press, 1999), Cities and the Environment (United Nations University Press, 1999), and American Democracy Promotion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). Pumendra JAIN is Professor ofJ apanese Studies and Head of the Centre for Asian Studies at the University ofA delaide in Australia. He is the author of Local Politics and Policymaking in japan (Commonwealth Publishers, 1989), coauthor of Japan's Internationalisation at the Grassroots Level (in Japanese, Habetosha, 1996), editor of Distant Asian Neighbours: Japan and South Asia (Sterling Publishers, 1996), and Australasian Studies ofj apan: Essays and Annotated Bibliography (Central Queensland University Press, 1998), and co-editor of Japanese Politics Today: Beyond Karaoke Democracy? (Macmillan, 1997). KAMIYA Matake is Associate Professor of International Relations at the National Defense Academy ofJ apan. He is also a member of the editorial board of the Australian Journal of International Affairs. He served as Distinguished Research Fellow at the Centre for Strategic Studies, New Zealans, during 1994-95. He is the author of over fifty articles, book chapters, and other works in Japanese and English in the areas of international relations and international security. His recent publications in English include: "The U.S.-Japan Alliance and Regional Security Cooperation: Toward a Double-layered Security Sys tem," in Restructuring the US. :Japan Alliance, Ralph Cossa, ed. (CSIS Press: 1997) and "Will Japan Go Nuclear? Myth and Reality" (Asia-Pacific Review, 1995). About the Authors lX Rikki KERSTEN obtained her Ph.D. in modern history from Oxford Univer sity. She is currently Senior Lecturer in Modern Japanese History, University of Sydney, Australia. She is the author of Democracy in Postwar Japan: Maruyama Masao and the Search for Autonomy (Routledge, 1996). LAM Peng Er obtained his Ph.D. from Columbia University and is Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute, University of Singapore. He has published sev eral research papers in such journals as Japan Forum, Pacific Affairs, and Asian Sur vey. He is the co-editor of Managing Political Change in Singapore (Routledge, 1997), Lee's Lieutenants: Singapore's Old Guard (Allen & Unwin, 1999), and author of Green Politics in Japan (Routledge, 1999). MOON Chung-in is Professor of Political Science and Director of Yonsei University's Institute for Korean Unification Studies in Seoul. Author of many books, book chapters, and articles, both in English and in Korean, his latest books are: Post-Cold War, Democratization and National Intelligence (Yonsei University Press, 1996), Democracy and the Korean Economy (Hoover Institution Press, 1999), Air Power Dynamics and Korean Security (Yonsei University Press, 1999), and Democratization and Globalization in Korea (Yonsei University Press, 1999). Ian NEARY has taught at Huddersfield and Newcastle Universities, and has been professor of government, Essex University, since 1989. He has been visiting professor at the Department of Law, Kyushu University on several occasions, most recently in the summer of 2000. He has published books and articles on human rights in Japan and East Asia and the pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom and Japan. His current projects include a textbook on Japanese politics and a biography of Matsumoto Jiichiro. Edward NEWMAN is Academic Programme Associate at the Peace and Gov ernance Programme of the United Nations University. He was educated at the University of Keele and the University of Kent, where he received a Ph.D. in international relations. He has taught at Shumei University,Japan (1996-98), the University of Kent (1993-95), andAoyama Gakuin University (1999). His pub lications include UN Secretary-Genera/from the Cold War to the New Era (Macmil lan, 1998), The Changing Nature cif Democracy (co-edited, United Nations University Press, 1998), Cities and the Environment (co-edited, UNU Press, 1999). He is currently working on a project on The United Nations and Human Security: Mediating post-fVestphalian International Relations, which will be published by Macmillan. OHTA Hiroshi obtained his MA in international affairs from the School of International Service, the American University, and his Ph.D. from the Depart ment of Political Science of Columbia University. His doctoral dissertation is "Japan's Politics and Diplomacy of Climate Change" (Columbia University, 1995). He is currently Professor in the School of International Politics, Eco nomics, and Business at Aoyama Gakuin University in Tokyo.