Jaina Scriptures and Philosophy Interest in Indian religion and comparative philosophy has increased in recent years, but despite this the study of Jaina philosophy is still in its infancy. This book looks at the role of philosophy in Jaina tradition, and its significance within the general developments in Indian philosophy. Bringing together chapters by philologists, historians and philosophers, the book focuses on karman theory, the theory of conditional predication, epistemo- logy and the debates of Jaina philosophers with representatives of competing tra- ditions, such as Ājīvika, Buddhist and Hindu. It analyses the relationship between religion and philosophy in Jaina scriptures, both Digambara and Śvetāmbara, and will be of interest to scholars and students of South Asian Reli- gion, Philosophy and Philology. Peter Flügel is Chair of the Centre of Jaina Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK. He is the series editor for the Routledge Advances in Jaina Studies series. Olle Qvarnström is Professor of History of Religions at Lund University, Sweden. Routledge advances in Jaina studies Series Editor: Peter Flügel School of Oriental and African Studies Jain Studies have become an accepted part of the Study of Religion. This series provides a medium for regular scholarly exchange across disciplinary bound- aries. It will include edited collection and monographs on Jainism. 1 Studies in Jaina History and Culture Disputes and dialogues Edited by Peter Flügel 2 History, Scripture and Controversy in a Medieval Jain Sect Paul Dundas 3 The History of Vegetarianism and Cow- Veneration in India Ludwig Alsdorf Edited by W. Bollée 4 Jaina Scriptures and Philosophy Edited by Peter Flügel and Olle Qvarnström Jaina Scriptures and Philosophy Edited by Peter Flügel and Olle Qvarnström First published 2015 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 selection and editorial matter, Peter Flügel and Olle Qvarnström; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Peter Flügel and Olle Qvarnström to be identified as authors of the editorial matter, and of the individual authors as authors of their contributions, has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jaina scriptures and philosophy / edited by Peter Flügel, Olle Qvarnström. pages cm. – (Routledge advances in Jaina studies) 1. Jainism–Sacred books. 2. Jaina philosophy. I. Flügel, Peter. II. Qvarnström, Olle. BL1310.4.J36 2015 294.4'82–dc23 2014048786 ISBN: 978-1-138-83989-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-73317-3 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear Contents List of figures vii List of tables viii Notes on contributors ix Introduction 1 PART I Scriptures 3 1 On the composition of the Uttarajjhāyā 5 HERMAN TIEKEN 2 A rare manuscript of the Bhagavatī Ārādhanā 21 PREM SUMAN JAIN  3  Śvetāmbara Āgamas in the Digambara tradition  34 SHIN FUJINAgA PART II Karman and ethics 41  4  What happened to Mahāvīra’s body?  43 JOHANNES BRONKHORST 5 The Niyatidvātriṃśikā ascribed to Siddhasena Divākara  49 OLLE QvARNSTRöM 6 Bee and mendicant: the two different versions in the extant Jaina Āgamas  60 KENJI WATANABE vi Contents  7  Lay atonements: investigation into the Śvetāmbara textual  tradition 68 NALINI BALBIR PART III Aspects of philosophy 131 8 Aspects of philosophy in the Ṣaṭkhaṇḍāgama 133 JAYANDRA SONI 9 Sensuous cognition – pratyakṣa or parokṣa? Jinabhadra’s  reading of the Nandīsūtra 145 ANNE CLAvEL 10  Vasudeva the philosopher: soul and body in Saṅghadāsa’s  Vasudevahiṇḍī 164 ANNA AURELIA ESPOSITO 11  Do attempts to formalize the Syād-vāda make sense?  181 PIOTR BALCEROWICz Appendix: publications of Willem B. Bollée 249 Index 255 Figures 7.1 Folio 9v of the British Library palm-l eaf manuscript Or. 1385 showing the anonymous Sāvayapacchitta, here labelled SPAn. 71 7.2 Ernst Leumann’s transcription of the Pune manuscript of the anonymous Sāvayapacchitta, here labelled SPAn. Notebook 128 in Leumann’s Nachlass 72–73 7.3 Folio 150r of the Patan palm-l eaf manuscript F 18 showing the beginning of Tilakācārya’s Sāvayapacchitta, here labelled SPT 74 7.4 Metalanguage and visualization: table in the Patan manuscript F 18, fol. 119r 89 7.5 Metalanguage and visualization: table on p. 86 of the 1960 edition of Dharmaghoṣasūri’s Saḍḍhajīyakappa (SJK) 90 9.1 Classification of pramāṇa according to SthSū and TS 145 9.2 Classification of pramāṇa according to NSū 1–5 147 9.3 Classification of pramāṇa according to NSū 1–30 149 Tables 2.1 Sanskrit Ṭippana on the Pune manuscript 24 2.2 Manuscripts of BhĀ 25 2.3 Comparative various readings 28 2.4 Chart No. 3 29 2.5 Chart No. 4 29 2.6 Chart No. 5 30 2.7a Chart No. 6A 31 2.7b Chart No. 6B 31 2.7c Chart No. 6C 32 9.1 Two levels of immediacy according to Jinabhadra 153 Contributors Nalini Balbir is Professor of Indology at the University of Paris-3 Sorbonne- Nouvelle. Her main fields of research are Pāli and Jain studies (www.iran- inde.cnrs.fr/IMg/pdf/publNBalbir.pdf ), both scriptures and practices. Among her recent publications on various facets of Jainism are an introductory essay to the English translation of E. Leumann’s Übersicht über die Āvaśyaka- Literatur by g. Baumann (L.D. Institute of Indology, 2010), a translation of Ācārya Nemicandra’s Dravyasaṃgraha (Hindi granth Karyalay, 2010) and Paṭadarśana (Tīrthaṃkara praṇīta dharmadeśanā antargata Śatruṃjaya māhātmya) (The Glory of Shatrunjya as Depicted in a 19th Century Jain Scroll) (Jain vishva Bharati University, 2010; with Dr K.K. Sheth). She is the co- author with K.v. Sheth, K.K. Sheth and C.B. Tripathi of the Catalogue of the Jain Manuscripts of the British Library (British Library, Institute of Indo- logy, 3 vols, 2006). She is also engaged in the Jainpedia website project which provides descriptions of digitized images of Jain manuscripts in the UK, together with an encyclopedia of Jainism online (www.jainology.org/ jainpedia/). Piotr Balcerowicz (www.orient.uw.edu.pl/balcerowicz) is Professor of Sanskrit and Indian Studies at the University of Warsaw. Until 2011 he served as Pro- fessor of International Relations at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw. He specializes in philosophical traditions of Asia and the West as well as in intercultural relations and the contemporary history of Asia, especially South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. His publica- tions include: Jaina Epistemology in Historical and Comparative Perspective (Stuttgart, 2001; reprinted: Delhi, 2008), Afghanistan: History – People – Politics (Warsaw, 2001), Jainism – An Ancient Indian Religion: History, Ritual, Literature (Warsaw, 2003), History of Classical Indian Philosophy. Part One: Beginnings, Analytical Trends and Philosophy of Nature (Warsaw, 2003), Jainism and the Definition of Religion (Mumbai, 2009), Early Asceti- cism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (Routledge, 2015). He has also edited a number of volumes, including: Logic and Belief in Indian Philosophy (Delhi, 2010), Art, Myths and Visual Culture of South Asia (Delhi, 2011), World View and Theory in Indian Philosophy (Delhi, 2012), Encyclopedia of Indian