«He 3Haio, HTO npeflCTOHT MHe B 6yAyineM - HO CTOJO>KO npeacroHT 3aTpyflHeHHH H BHyTpeHHHX H BHemHHx! OcyxcfleH H Ha ubiraHCKyio 5KH3HL· - H He CBHTb ΜΗβ, BHflHO, THe3Aa ΗΗΓΑβ H HHKOTAa!» (Turgenev to Druzhinin, December 1856) «ToJIbKO TbI ΠΟΜΗΗΗ MOO CJIOBO, ΠΠβΜΛΗΗΗΚ*. He CBHTb 3Κβ H Te6e rHe3Aa HHTAe, CKHTaTbc* Te6e Ββκ. BOT Te6e MOH 3aBeT.» (Glafira Petrovna to Fyodor Lavretsky) HBAH ΟΕΡΓΕΕΒΗΗ ΤΥΡΓΕΗΕΒ HBOPHHCKOE ΓΗΕ3Λ0 Edited with notes and a commentary by PATRICK WADDINGTON Lecturer at the QueerCs University of Belfast d8b PERGAMON PRESS OXFORD - LONDON - EDINBURGH . NEW YORK TORONTO . SYDNEY · PARIS . BRAUNSCHWEIG Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford 4&5 Fitzroy Square, London W.l Pergamon Press (Scotland) Ltd., 2 & 3 Teviot Place, Edinburgh 1 Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York 10523 Pergamon of Canada Ltd., 207 Queen's Quay West, Toronto 1 Pergamon Press (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 19a Boundary Street, Rushcutters Bay, NSW 2011, Australia Pergamon Press S.A.R.L., 24 rue des Écoles, Paris 5e Vieweg & Sohn GmbH, Burgplatz 1, Braunschweig Copyright © 1969 Patrick Waddington First edition 1969 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-24070 This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. Printed in Germany 08 012922 6 (flexicover) 08 012923 4 (hard cover) Foreword IN THE editions of Russian literature published in the Pergamon Oxford Russian Series we have hitherto concentrated on the works of ^writers during the Soviet period. Published volumes include selections from Kazakov, Nagibin, Nilin, Antonov, Paustovskii, Sholokhov, Panova and Yevtushenko, together with an anthology of Soviet Russian Verse. Further editions of Erenburg, Mayakov- skii, Olesha, Tendryakov, Blok,.Shvarts and Bulgakov are being prepared. The present volume is the first of a projected series of editions of Russian nineteenth-century literary works. Comments on its structure, and suggestions for further volumes, would be welcomed. Sussex, 1968 C. V. JAMES VII Preface THIS edition of Dvoryanskoye gnezdo is intended primarily for university students, and especially for those who have time or inclination to study a particular novel in more detail than is generally possible. It should also be of interest, however, to anyone reading Turgenev who, like the average student, has no access to multi-volume dictionaries or critical editions. Vocabulary and irregular inflexions are given in the Notes wherever standard dictionaries and grammar-books may prove inadequate. Background information is given wherever it will help the lively and intelligent student the better to understand Turgenev in his nineteenth-century context. These characteristics, the one linguistic and the other literary-historical, are difficult to keep in balance; but I trust there will be few who come to the novel only for its language or only for its content. In the Commentary which follows the text of the novel, I have refrained as far as possible from literary criticism. My intentions were first to elucidate Turgenev's subject, the reasons for, his choosing it, and the circumstances of its development in the form of a novel; and only secondly to point to certain features of his style and manner of composition which can better be studied in the works listed in the third section of my Bibliography. I wish to acknowledge my particular debt to the researches of Alexeyev and Izmailov, without which this edition would not have been possible. I must also thank Dr. Kallistos Ware for his helpful information on the Russian Orthodox Church. Belfast, 1968 PATRICK WADDINGTON IX a Ha mB ae D LAVRETSKY ΑΗΛρβΗ (? IlecTOBa =) JlaBpeintHA Πβτρ AHHa ΑΗΛΡβΗΗ = IlaBJIOBHa (ca. 1750-1819) (d. 1808) KajuiHona ΓJIaφHpa HeaH ManKapjioBHa IleTpoBHa ΠβτροΒΗΗ = Cepre(1774-1840) (1786-1830) pa IlaBJioBHa ΦβΑορ PiBaHBiH JlaBpeuKHö (b. 1807) b. 1814) Aaa (CWH) (1835?) (b. 1837) clear, for instance, in what way the two families ZA AN HH = ?) Bapea( is not GY OF LI riaBen Kopoöb(b. 1780 ctural; it GENEALO JleHOHKa (b.1831) arily conje E ss TH peujeaH?) Map<|>a nMO(J)eeBHa 7727-1846?) MHxanji = KaJIHTHH (d. 1831?) HTHH able are nece ΤΗΜθφβΟ riecTOB (= JlaB .ZjMHTpHÖ IlecTOB T(1(d. 1807?) MapbH OB ^MHTpHeBHa (1792?-1845?) I Jtoa KaJI(b.1823) Several details of this tally became related. IlecT Note: origin ABOPSIHCKOE ΓΗΕ3ΑΟ 1858 I BeceHHHH, cBeTjiMH ReHh KJioHHjicH K Beqepy; He5ojib- mne po30BBie TyqKH CTOHJIH BLICOKO B HOHOM He6e H, Ka3a- jiocb, ΗΘ HJIBIJIH MHMO, a yxoftHJiH B caMyio rjiyÔB Jia3ypn. EfepeA pacKpLiTBiM OKHOM KpacHBoro AOMH, B OAHOH H3 KpaäiHHx yjiHn; ryßepHCKoro ropo^a 0... (Aejio npoHcxoAHJio B 1842 Tojiy), cH^ejiH ppe >ΚΘΗΗΙ]ΗΗΜ — o^na jieT ΠΗΤΗΑΘ- CHTH, APyran yme CTapymna, ΟΘΜΉΉΘΟΗΤΉ JieT. riepByio H3 HIHX 3Bajin Mapbeii /^ΜΗΤΡΉΘΒΗΟΗ KaJiHTH- HOH. Ee Mync, ÖBIBHIHH ryßepHCKHH nponypop, Η3ΒΘΟΤΗΒΙΗ B OBoe BpeMH AGJien,,— ΗΘΠΟΒΘΚ ÖOHKHH H ΡΘΗΙΗΤΘΛΒΗΒΙΗ, HcejroHbin H ynpHMbiH,— yMep JieT A^CHTL· TOMy Ha3aA. OH nojiyHHji H3pHAHoe BOCHWraHHe, ymjion. B yHHBepcHTeTe, HO, ρθ>ΚΑβΗΗΙ>ΙΗ B COCJIOBHH βββΗΟΜ, paH-0 HOHHJI ΗθθβχθΑΗ- MOCTL· npojio>KHTL· ce6e Aopory n Ha6nTb AeHbry. MapbH ^MHTpneBHa BWHiJia aa Hero no JIIOÔBH: OH 6BIJI H-eAypeH co6oK), yMeH H, KorAa ΧΌΤΘΛ, o^eHb jiio6e3eH. MapbH ,Ο,ΜΙΙΤ- pneBHa (B AGBHn;ax IlecTOBa) eiiie B AercTBe JinntHJiacb po- AHTejieô, npoBejia HOOKOJIBKO JieT B ΜΟΟΚΒΘ, Β HH-craTyre, H, BepHyBHiHCB OTTyAa, >KHjia B ππτΗΑβθΗΤΗ BepcTax OT 0..., B poAOBOM CBoeM cejie ΠοκροΒθκοΜ, c τβτκοΗ Aa c cTapmHM 6paroM. EpaT ^τιοτ CKopo nepeoejEHJica B EieTepôypr Ha cjiy>K6y H Aep>Kaji H cecrpy H Tency B qepHOM Tejie, nona BHe3anHaa CMepTB He nojionmjia npeAejia ero nonpHHiy. MapbH ^MHTpneBHa HacjieAOsajia ΠοκροΒθκοβ, HO He AOJiro >KHJia B neu; Ha Βτοροϋ >κβ ΓΟΑ nocjie ee CBaAbßbi c KajiH- THHbiM, κΌτορΜΗ B HecKOjibKo ΑΗΘΗ ycneji noKopHTb ee cepAiie, ΠοκροΒθκοβ ÔMJIO npoMeneHo Ha Apyroe HMeHHe, ropa3A0 öojiee AoxqRH-oe, HO HeRpacHBoe H 6e3 ycaAi>6bi; H B TO we BpeMH KajiHTHH npHOÖpeji AOM B ropoAe 0..., TAe H nocejMjicH c >κβΗ0Η) Ha nocTOHH»oe HGBTeji&eTBO. ΠρΉ jìoue HaxoAHJiCH OOJIBHIOH caA*, OAHOH CTopoflOH OH BbixoAHJi πρκΜο B nojie, 3a ropoA. «GTajio 6biTb,— pern m KaJIHTHH, ÔOJIblHOH HeOXOTHHK AO CeJIbCKOH ΤΜΙΠΗΗΗ,— B AepeBHio TacKaTbcn HeeaneM». MapbH ^MHTpneBHa ne pa3 1 B flyine noHcajiejia o CBOeM xopomeHBKOM ΠοκροΒθκοΜ c Becejioii peHKoii, HIHPOMIMH jiyraMH H 3ΘΛΘΗΒΙΜΗ poniaMH; HO OHa ΗΉ B ΗΘΜ He npeKocjiOBHJia My>Ky H ÖJiaroroßejia πρβ,π; ero yMOM H 3HaHHeM cBeia. Kor^a me, nocjie HHT- HaOTaTiiJieTHero 6pana, OH yMep, ocTaBHB CBina H ppyx ßo^epeii, MapLH ÂMHTPHeBHa y^e Ä0 ΤΌΓΟ npHBBiKJia κ CBoeMy ßoivty H K ropio^cKioö HŒÏ3HH, HTO cawa He 3axoTejia BLiexaTL H3 O... MapLH ^MHTpiieBHa B MOJIOAOCTH HOJiB30BajiacL· penyra- Π,ΗΘΗ MHJieHbKOH ÖJIOHAHHKH; H B nHTLflecHT jieT ΗβρτΗ ee ΗΘ 6BIJIH JIIIHieHbl HpHHTHOCTH, XOTH ΗβΜΗΟΓΟ paCHyXJIH H cnjiMJiHCL·. OHa ßbiJia öojiee ^yBOTBHTejiBHa, He>KejrH Äo6pa, H flo 3pejiBix JieT coxpamuia HHCTHTyTCKHe saManiKH; OHa H3'6ajiOBajia ce6a, Jierno pa3,a;paH<ajTacB H Rame njiaKajia, Rorßa HapyniajiHCB ee ΠΡΠΒΒΉΚΗ; 3aTO OHa ÔBiJia o*ie.HB jiaoKO'Ba H JiK)6e3Ha, Kor.ua Bice ee >KejiaHHH HCHOJIHHJIHCB H HHKTO eô He npeKocjiOBHJi. J\ou ee npHHaiHJie>Kaji κ HHC- jry πρΗΗΤΗβΗΗΐΗχ B popote. CocTOHHHe y Heâ 6BLJIO BecB- Ma xopoinee, He CTOJIBKO Hacjie^CTBeHHoe, OKOJIBIKO 6jiaro- πρποβρβτβΗΗθβ My>KeM. 06e ftonepn >KHJIH C Heio; CBIH BOC- HHTBIBajIGH B OftHOM H3 Jiy^IHIHX Ka3eHHBIX 33Ββ#βΗ!ΗΗ Β IleTepßypre. GrapyinKa, CH^eBinaH c MapBen ^ΜΗτρΗβΒΗθΗ no# ακοΗΐκοΜ, ÔBiJia Ta caMaa Terna, cecrpa ee orna, c κοτοροιο OHa npoBeJia HeKor^a HecKOJiBKo ye^HHeHHBix JieT B ΠΟΚ- pOiBCKOM. 3ßaJI!H ee ΜαρφθΗ ΤΗΜθφββΒΗΟΗ IleCTOBOH. OHa cjiBiJia Hy^aHKiOH, Hpae HMejia He3aBHCiïMBiH, roBopnjia BceM npaB^y B rjia3a H npn eaMBix cKy^HBix cpeACTBax Aep>Ka- jiacB TaK, Ka« oy^TO 3a Heu BO#HJIHCB TBICHHH. OHa τβρ- πβτΒ He Morjia ΠΟΚΟΗΗΟΓΟ KajiHTHHa H, nan TOJIBKO ee njie- Mnmrana BBiniJia 3a nero 3aMy>K, yAaJiHJiacB B CBOIO Aepe- Bynrcy, r#e npo^HJia uejiBix ftecjiTB JieT y My>KaKa B .Kyp- HOH H36e. MapBH J],MHTpneBHa ee noôanBajiacB. ^epnoBo- Jiocaa H 6BiCTporjia3aH Rame B cxapocTH, MajieHBKaa, BocTpoHocaH, Mapφa TirjM^eeBHa xo^Hjia HCHBO, ,n,ep>Ka- JiaCB ΠρΗΜΟ H rOBOpHJia CKOpO H BHHTHO, TOHKHM H 3ByH- HB1M IOJIOCKOM. 0,Ha HOCTOiTHHO HOGHJia ÔejIBIH ΗβΠ'βΗ ,H 6β- Jiyio κoφτy. — 0 neM TBi 3T0? — onpocHJia ona B^pyr MapBio ^MHT- pneBHy.— 0 HCM B3ABixaeniB, MaTB MOH? 2 — TaK,— npoMOJiBHJia Ta.— Kairae ny^ecHBie oÖJiaKa! — TaK Te6e HX >KaJiKo, ^το JIH? MapBH ^MHrpneBHa ΗΗ^ΘΓΟ ΗΘ OTBe*iaJia. — Ητο 3το ΓΘΑΘΟΗΟΒΟΚΗΗ ΗΘΗΛΘΤ? — nporoBopHJia Map<$a ΤΐΓΜθφθθΒΗα, npoBopHo meBejiH ΟΠΗΠ^ΜΗ (ona BH- 3ajia 6ojiBmoii mepcTHHon map φ).—OH 6M noB3ßuxaJi ΒΜΘΟΤΘ c T060K),— He TO coBpaji obi HTO-HH6>7I;I». — Kan BBI Bcer^a οτροτο ο ΗΘΜ OT3BiBaerecB! Gepreö ΠθΤρθΒΙΠ — ΠΟ^ΓΓβΗΗΒΙΗ ΗΘΛΟΒβΚ. — ΠΟΗΤΘΗΗΒΙΗ! — noBTopHjia c yKopH3HOH CTapymKa. — H Kan OH noKOHHOMy My>Ky 6BIJI npe^aH! — nporoBO- pnjia MapBH flMHrrpHeBiia,— AO OHX nop ΒΟΠΟΜΚΗΤΒ Ο ΗΘΜ paBHOflyniHo ne ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ. — Enje 6BI! TOT ero aa yinn H3 rpH3H BBiTanpui,— npo- BopnaJia Μαρφ& ΤκΜθφθβΒΗα, Η ΟΠΗΗ;ΒΙ em;e βπ-CTpee 3axo- #HJIH B e e pyKax. — ΓΛΗ^ΗΤ TaKHM cMHpeHHHKOM,— Hanajia OHa cHoea,— roJiOBa Ben ce^aa, a ^το ροτ pacKpoeT, TO cojDKeT HJIH na- cnjierHOTaeT. A em;e ΟΤ&ΤΟΚΗΗ ΟΟΒΘΤΗΗΚ! Hy, H TO 0Ka3aTB: ΠΟΠΟΒΗΗ! — Κτο nee 6e3 rpexa, TeTynraa? 3Ta cjiaöocTB B HeM eCTB, KOH6HHO. CepreH ΠβΤρθΒΗ*! BOCIIHTaHHH, ΚΟΗβΗΗΟ, He nojiyHHji, no^paHijy3CKH He ΓθΒορητ; HO OH, BOJIH Bama, npïïHTHBIH ^ejIOBeK. — ßa, OH py^KH y ΤΘ6Η BCë jra>KeT. Πο-φραΗΠ[γ3€κπ He ΓθΒορϋτ,—ana 6e^a! fl caina ne CHJiBHa BO (JpaHn;y3- CKOM «^HaJiexTe». Jlymne 6H OH HH no-KaKOBOKH He ΓΟΒΟ- PHJI: He Jiraji 6BI. fla BOT OH, KCTa™, jieroK Ha novtHHe,— npnßaBHJia Mapφa ΤπΜθφββΒΜ, rjiHHyB Ha yjinmy.— BOH OH inaraeT, TBOH ΠΡΗΗΤΗΒΙΗ nejiOBeK. 9KOH AJIHHHBIH, CJIOB- HO aiiCTÎ MapBH ^MHTpHeBHa nonpaBHJia CBOH JIOKOHBI. Mapφa ΤπΜθφβΘΒΗα c ycMemKOH nocMOTpejia Ha nee. — HTO »TO y τββκ, HHKaK ce^oô BOJIOC, MOTB MOH? TBI noSpaHH CBOH) IlajianiKy. Hero OHa CMOTPHT? — y>K BBi, TeTymKa, Bcer^a...— npoßopMOTajia c ,n;oca- A;OH MapBH JjMUTpHeBHa H 3acTyqajia najiBijaMH no pywe Kpeceji. — Cepren ΠβτροΒΗ^ ΓβΑβθΗθΒθΚΗΐί! — nponHiijaji KpacHon^eKHH Ka3aHOK, BBICKOMHB H3-3a flBepn. 3 π Bomeji ^eJioBeK ΒΒΙΟΟΚΟΓΟ pocTa, B ΟΠΡΗΤΗΟΜ οιορτγκβ, κοροτβΗΒΚΐιχ naHTajiOHax, cepBix aaMmeBBix nepqaTicax H flayx raJicryKax — O^HOM HepnoM, CBepxy, flpyroM 6ejiOM, CHH3y. Bcë B ΗβΜ ßBimajio npHjraraeM H UPHCTOHHOCTBIO, Ha^HHaa c 6jiaroo6pa3Horo jraiia H rjiaflKO npHHecaHHBix BHCKOB flo canoroB 6b3 KaÔJiyKOB H 6ea cKpBiay. OH ΠΟΚΛΟ- HHJICH CnepBa Χ03ΗΗΚβ flOMa, ΠΟΤΟΜ Μαρφθ ΤΗΜθφββΒΗβ H, MeßJieHHo CTamiHB nepHaTKH, no^OHieji κ pynKe MapBH ^ΜΗΤΡΗΘΒΗΒΙ. IIoiiejiOBaB ee ΠΟ^ΤΗΤΘΛΒΗΟ H flßa pa3a cpn- fly, OH ceji He ToponncB B npecjia H C yjiBiÖKOH, nornpan caMBie KOHHHKH naJiBi^GB, nporoBopnji: — A EjraaaBera MnxaöjioBHa sAopoBBi? — fla,— OTBenajia MapBH ^MinptieBHa,—OHa B ca^y. — H EjreHa MuxaiLjioBHa? — JleHo^Ka B ca,ny το>κβ.— Ηβτ JTH nero ΗθΒβΗΒΚθΓθ? — KaK He 6BITB-C, KaK He 6LITB-C,— B03pa3Hji IOCTB, MeßJieHHo Mopraa H BBiTHrHBaa ryÔBi.— ΓΜ!.. a;a BOT ÏIO- HcajryÜTe, ecTB HOBOCTB, H npeyAHBHTejiBHaa: JlaBpeiiKHH Φββορ HßaHBiH npnexaji. — Oe^a! — BoaKJiHKHyjia Mapφa THMO$eeBHa.—fla TBI, HOJIHO, He CO^HHHeniB JIH, OTeiJ ΜΟΗ? — HHKaK ΗβΤ-C, H HX CaMOJlH^IHO BHfleJI. — Hy, aro enje ne ßoicaaaTejibCTBO. — O^eHB n03A0p0BeJIH,—npOflOJDKaJI ΓθΑ'βΟΗΟΒΟΚΗΗ, HOKasBiBaa BUA, öy^TO ne cJiBiniaji aaMenaHiiH ΜαρφΒΐ TH- ΜθφββΒΗΒΐ,— B njie^ax eiiie nrape cTajin, H pyMHHeu; BO BCK) Hieny. — ΠοβΑθ-ροΒνβΛ,— npoH3HecJia e paccraHOBKOH MapBH /ÎMHTpHeBHa,— Rameica, e nero 6BI eMy 3,n;opoBeTB? — JJa^c,— B03pa3Hji refleoHOBCKHH,—ApyroH na ero Meere H B €Β·θτ-το noKaaaTbcn nocoBecTHJi'CH 6BI. — 3TO ΟΤΉΘΓΟ? — nepeßüJia Ma^a ΤΐΓΜθφββΒω,— 3το Ητο 3a B3flop? ^ejiOBBK BoaBpaTHJiCH Ha poflHHy — Ky^a >κ eMy fleTBCH npHKanceTe? H ßjiaro OH B *ieM BHHOBaT 6BIJI! — My>K Bcer,ia BHHOBaT, cyAapBiHH, ooMejiiocB BaM AO- jiOHCHTB, Kor#a HceHa Hexopoino Βθββτ οβΰπ. — 9το TBI. 6aTK)inKa, ΟΤΤΟΓΟ ΓΟΒΟΡΗΠΙΒ, ΗΤΟ caiM >KeHaT He ÔBIJI. 4