IUTAM Symposium on Multiscale Modelling of Damage and Fracture Processes in Composite Materials SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume 135 Series Editor: G.M.L. GLADWELL Department of Civil Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L3GI Aims and Scope of the Series The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, and How much? The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative researchers giving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as it relates to solids. The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includes the foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics; statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies: vibrations of solids and structures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity and viscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structural control and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimental mechanics; biomechanics and machine design. The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are monographs defining the current state of the field; others are accessible to final year undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity. For a list of related mechanics titles, see final pages. IUTAM Symposium on Multiscale Modelling of Damage and Fracture Processes in Composite Materials Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, 23--27 May 2005 Edited by TOMASZ SADOWSKI Lublin University of Technology,Lublin, Poland AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 1-4020-4565-4 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4565-3 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-4566-2 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4566-0 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands. CONTENTS Preface ix Keynote Lecture 1: A Computational Damage Micromodel for Laminate Composites P. Ladevèze, G. Lubineau, D. Violeau, D. Marsal........................................................1 Keynote Lecture 2: Numerical Methods for Debonding in Composite Materials: A Comparison of Approaches R. de Borst……………………………………………………………………………………..13 Keynote Lecture 3: Atomic-Continuum Transition at Interfaces of Silicon and Carbon Nanocomposite Materials R. Pyrz………………………………………………………………………………………….23 Multiscale Modelling for Damaged Viscoelastic Particulate Composites A. Dragon, C. Nadot-Martin, A. Fanget.....................................................................33 A Shakedown Approach to the Problem of Damage of Fibre-Reinforced Composites D. Weichert, A. Hachemi............................................................................................41 Impact Behavior of Cellular Solids and their Sandwich Panels H. Zhao, I. Nasri, Y. Girard .......................................................................................49 Influence of Delamination on the Predicition of Impact Damage in Composites A. Johnson, N. Pentecôte, H. Körber...........................................................................57 Debonding or Breakage of Short Fibres in a Metal Matrix Composite V. Tvergaard...............................................................................................................67 A Microscale Model of Elastic and Damage Longitudinal Shear Behaviour of Highly Concentrated Long Fiber Composites S. Lenci.........................................................................................................................77 Analysis of Metal Matrix Composites Damage under Transverse Loading E. Oleszkiewicz, T. (cid:224)odygowski...................................................................................89 v vi Contents On the Out-of-Plane Interactions between Ply Damage and Interface Damage in Laminates D. Marsal, P. Ladevèze, G. Lubineau........................................................................97 The Elastic Modulus and the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Particulate Composites Using a Dodecahedric Multivariant Model E. Sideridis, G. A. Papadopoulos, V. N. Kytopoulos, T. Sadowski…………………..105 Prediction of Crack Deflection and Kinking in Ceramic Laminates D. Leguillon, O. Cherti Tazi, E. Martin.....................................................................113 Dynamic Buckling of Thin-Walled Composite Plates T. Kubiak....................................................................................................................123 Numerical and Experimental Models of the Fracture in the Multi -Layered Composites M. Jaroniek.................................................................................................................131 Multiscale Method for Optimal Design of Composite Structures Incorporating Sensors F. Collombet, M. Mulle, Y-H. Grunevald, R. Zitoune ...............................................141 Numerical Multiscale Modelling of Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Superconducting Strand B. A. Schrefler, D. P. Boso,M. Lefik ........................................................................151 Anisotropic Failure of the Biological Multi-composite Wood: A Micromechanical Approach K. Hofstetter, Ch. Hellmich, H. A. Mang...................................................................159 Antiplane Crack in a Pre-Stressed Fiber Reinforced Elastic Material E.-M. Craciun…………………………………………………………………………........1.67 Characterization and Practical Application of a Multiscale Failure Criterion for Composite Structures F. Laurin, N. Carrère, J. F. Maire, D. Perreux………………………………………….177 Contents vii Stress Field Singularities for Reinforcing Fibre with a Single Lateral Crack G. Mieczkowski, K .L. Molski………………………………………………………………185 Numerical Modelling of Mechanical Response of a Two-Phase Composite E. Postek, T. Sadowski, S. Hardy………………………………………………………….193 Modelling of Delamination Damage in Scaled Quasi-Isotropic Specimens S. R. Hallett, W. G. Jiang, M. R. Wisnom, B. Khan… ……… …………………………...201 Damage in Patrimonial Masonry Structures: The Case of the O-L Cathedral in Tournai (Belgium) L. Van Parys, D. Lamblin, G. Guerlement, T. Descamps………………………………209 The Macroscopic Strength of Perforated Steel Disks at Maximum Elastic and Limit State S. Datoussaïd, D. Lamblin, G. Guerlement, W. Kakol………………………………….217 Importance of Surface/Interface Effect to Properties of Materials at Nano-Scale J. Wang, B. L. Karihaloo, H. L. Duan, Z. P. Huang…… ……………………………...…227 On a Deformation of Polycrystalline Structures L. Berka, N. Ganev, P. Jen(cid:254)uš, P. Lukáš………………………………………………...235 A Multiscale Damage Model for Composite Laminate Based on Numerical and Experimental Complementary Tests C. Huchette, D. Lévêque, N. Carrère……………………………………………………..241 Influence of Strength Heterogeneity Factor on Crack Shape in Laminar Rock-Like Materials J. Podgórski, J. Jonak…………………………………………………………………….…249 Crack Propagation in Composites with Ceramic Matrix K. Konopka… ………… … ………… ……… … ………………………………………………..255 Experimental Investigations and Modelling of Porous Ceramics S. Samborski, T. Sadowski………………………………………………………………….263 Numerical Analysis of Stress Distributions in Adhesive Joints J. Kuczmaszewski, M. W(cid:225)odarczyk………………………………………………………...271 viii Contents APPENDIX: The Scientific Programme....................................................................279 The following papers were presented during Symposium but are not published in this volume: Materials Modeling from Atomistics Macro Behaviour S. Schmauder A Synergistic Multiscale Modelling Approach in Damage Mechanics of Composite Materials R. Talreja A Nonlocal Plasticity and Damage Model for Size Effect in Metal Matrix Composites G. Z. Voyiadjis, R.. K. Abu Al-Rub Designing, Testing and Manufacturing of Composite Aviation Products at “PZL-(cid:285)widnik” S.A. P. Chojnacki, M. Gregu(cid:225)a, M. Pa(cid:276)ko, K. Siedlecki. Advances and Trends in Composite Material Testing G. Socha Rheology and Fracture of Composite Materials S. Elsoufiev Strength Criteria for Composites – Current State and Future Trends H. Altenbach Multiscale Model for Upscaling of Strength Properties of Bituminous Composites J. Füssl, R. Lackner, J. Eberhardsteiner Multi-Scale Testing for Simple Micromechanical Models of Concrete J. G. M. van Mier and P. Trtik PREFACE The IUTAM Symposium on “Multiscale Modelling of Damage and Fracture Processes in Composite Materials” was held in Kazimierz Dolny, Poland , 23 -27 May 2005. The Symposium was attended by 48 persons from 15 countries. During 5 day meeting, 4 keynote lectures and 39 invited lectures were presented. This volume constitutes the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium. The main aim of the Symposium was to discuss the basic principles of damage growth and fracture processes in different types of composites: ceramic, polymer and metal matrix composites, cement and bituminous composites and wood. Nowadays, it is widely recognized that important macroscopic properties like the macroscopic stiffness and strength, are governed by processes that occur at one to several scales below the level of observation starting from nanoscale. Understanding how these processes influence the reduction of stiffness and strength is essential for the analysis of existing and the design of improved composite materials. The study of how these various length scales can be linked together or taken into account simultaneously is particular attractive for composite materials, since they have a well-defined structure at the nano, micro and meso-levels. The well-defined microstructural level can be associated with small particles or fibres, while the individual laminae can be indentified at the mesoscopic level. Moreover, the advances in multiscale modelling of damage and fracture processes to the description of the complete constitutive behaviour in composites which do not have a very well-defined microstructure, e.g. cementitious, bitumous composites and wood was analysed. In particular, the fracture mechanics and optimization techniques for the design of polymer composite laminates against the delamination type of failure was discussed. Computational modelling of laminated composites at different scales: microscopic mesoscopic and macroscopic with application of suitable plate/shell elements for thin composites was presented. With regard to ceramic matrix composites (CMC) the damage and fracture processes were described in three scales. The important problem of damage process of interfaces surrounding particles, grains or fibres in composites was analysed for different properties of the components of composites and in different scales. This Symposium clearly showed growing interests in the development of multiscale modelling approaches to model the macroscopic behaviour of different types of composite materials. The Proceedings present the current state of advances in multiscale modelling of composites and provide a reasonable knowledge to understanding the importance of the local phenomena and the spatial composite components distribution on the non-linear character of the overall response. ix