IstItuto veneto dI scIenze, lettere ed artI at t I tomo clxxIV classe dI scIenze fIsIche, matematIche e naturalI fascicolo I clxxVIII anno accademIco 2015-2016 venezIa 2016 ISSN 0392-6680 © copyright Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti - venezia 30124 venezia - campo s. stefano 2945 tel. 041 2407711 - telefax 041 5210598 [email protected] www.istitutoveneto.it Progetto e redazione editoriale: ruggero rugolo direttore responsabile: Francesco Bruni autorizzazione del tribunale di venezia n. 544 del 3.12.1974 stampato da cIerre GraFIca - sommacampagna (vr) 2016 IstItuto veneto dI scIenze, lettere ed artI study days on venetIan Glass the Birth of the great museum: the glassworks collections between the renaissance and the revival edited by rosa BarovIer mentastI and crIstIna tonInI venezIa 2016 si raccolgono qui alcuni dei contributi presentati dall’11 al 14 marzo 2015 al corso di alta formazione organizzato dall’Istituto veneto sul tema: Study days on Venetian Glass. The Birth of the Great museums: the Glassworks collections between the Renaissance and Revival Giornate di Studio sul vetro veneziano. la nascita dei grandi musei: le collezioni vetrarie tra il Rinascimento e Revival higher education course With the support of corning museum of Glass ecole du louvre Fondazione musei civici di venezia venice International Foundation victoria & albert museum With the participation of unesco regional Bureau for science and culture in europe venice (Italy) organised with the collaboration of aIHv – association Internationale pour l’Historie du verre – national Italian committee lama – laboratorio analisi materiali antichi dell’università Iuav, venezia museo del vetro, Fondazione musei civici di venezia our acknowledgements go to the regione del veneto and riedel cristal Scientific and organizing committee rosa Barovier mentasti, Glass historian sandro Franchini, Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti William Gudenrath, corning museum of Glass lorenzo lazzarini, lama- Iuav university of venice sandro Pezzoli, collector lino tagliapietra, artist and glass master cristina tonini, Glass historian marco verità, lama- Iuav university of venice Atti dell’istituto Veneto di scienze, lettere ed Arti Tomo CLXXIV (2015-2016) - Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali IndIce del FascIcolo PrImo rosella mamoli zorzi, «Foresti» in Venice in the Second Half of the 19th century: Their Passion for Paintings, Brocades, and Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 1 marco verità and sandro zecchin, Raw materials and Glassmaking Technology in nineteenth-century murano Glassworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . » 45 rosa Barovier mentasti and cristina tonini, Some Questions about the murano Revival . . . . . . . . . . . » 57 suzanne Higgott, edward William cooke (1811- 1880), english marine artist, diarist and collector: the Formation and dispersion of His Venetian Glass collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . » 87 Françoise Barbe, les verres émaillés vénitiens de la Renaissance du musée du louvre: provenance et collections au xIxe siecle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . » 119 reino liefkes, a Pattern Book of the Venice and murano Glass company ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . » 131 maria João Burnay, murano Glass Industry in the Portuguese Royal House collection: Rebirth and Splendor . » 145 rainald Franz, The Role of Venetian Glass in the collection of the mak Pattern Piece, collection Highlight and aesthetic Inspiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . » 155 VI INdIce luisa ambrosio, The Glass collection in the museo duca di martina of naples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pag. 165 elisa P. sani, new light on Venetian cameo Glass . . . . » 181 maria cristina Giménez raurell, Venetian Glass in cerralbo museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . » 195 rosella mamoli zorzi «ForestI» In venIce In tHe second HalF oF tHe 19th century: tHeIr PassIon For PaIntInGs, Brocades, and Glass The «foresti», that is foreign residents and visitors, in venice in the second half of the 19th century, seem to have shared one passion: «shopping», in the sense of dropping in at antiquarian shops to look for paintings, old brocades, old chairs, porcelain, and glass. collecting such items was certainly not exclusive to the 19th century – one can think of the great collections of the previous centuries, those of paintings provided to england by consul smith1 or the glass collection studied by William Gudenrath, King Frederick Iv’s collection of venetian glass at the rosenborg castle (copenhagen), consisting of gifts by the venetian senate but also bought by the King in murano on 16 February 17092 during his visit to venice, gathered in his extraordinary «Glass cabinet», a unique pendant to a more common «Porcelain cabinet». or one can also think of Walpole’s strawberry Hill collection of 24 lattimo 1 K. Pomian’s analysis of 18th-century collecting in venice underlines the continuity of collections in the venetian families up to the fall of the republic. also the collection of John strange, who was in venice from 1774 to 1790, should be mentioned. In his thorough analysis of collections in the 18th century, there seems to be no reference to glass, maybe because beautiful glass was considered simply part of the family’s everyday tools. Pomian 1985: 27 on strange, in the chapter collezionisti d’arte e di curiosità naturali. 5/II: 1-70. 2 during this famous visit the king used the name of count of oldenburg, and was received by the venetian nobility with great display of luxury. vivaldi dedicated to him 12 Sonate a violino e basso per cembalo urban 2007: 85-87. see also Boesen 1960. William Gudenrath, of the corning museum, has studied this collection, The collection of Venetian glass given to King Fredrich IV of denmark by the doge during the King’s Visit to Venice in 1709. co-author Kitty lameris, in a number of conference communications. Barovier 1982a: 137- 138; Barovier 1995, II: 845-905; urban 2007: 86. 2 rosella mamolI zorzI plates with views of venice, and of his «eight chocolate cups and saucers of lattimo with landscapes in brown», auctioned off in 18423. In the 19th century, the big difference lay in the fact that «things» in venice could be bought for small amounts of money, due to the poverty of the city, and the enormous quantity of art pouring into the market after the fall of the republic in 1797 and the French and austrian occupations. as for glass, guilds had been abolished in 1806, Bohemian glass was increasingly popular, raw materials were costly, and taxes («dazi») were high, as rosa Barovier mentasti has documented4. Published and unpublished diaries, letters, notebooks provide us with information and insight into 19th-century collecting. an example may be english marine artist e.W.cooke’s unpublished diary and his collection of glass in venice (1863-1865), examined, in this volume, by suzanne Higgott of the Wallace collection. my own first example is taken from zina Hulton’s unpublished diary, Fifty years in Venice. zina mazzini was an Italian lady, married to the British painter William Hulton, a couple who decided to live in venice. In her diary, zina Hulton annotated a comment on the house of mrs. Bronson (Fig. 1), an american lady known above all for having befriended poet robert Browning, in the 1880s, the last years of his life, during his repeated visits to venice, with his sister and his son: zina Hulton wrote: mrs. Bronson’s room was very personal. Its predominant colour was pale blue – merging with grey where the old stuff was faded. The furniture was all small, & there were many cabinets – one made almost entirely of mother of pearl – filled with her collection of old Venetian glass – mostly small pieces»5. mrs. Bronson’s house was the palazzino alvisi on the Grand canal, across from the salute, where she lived from 1875 (mamoli zorzi 1989: 34-38). mrs. Hulton was remembering the year 1888: we have no way 3 charleston 1959: I, 62-81. For the chocolate cups and saucers, 73. I am grateful to Kennneth l. Burnes, of the corning museum, for sending me this and other articles. 4 zorzi 1972: II. on the reasons of the early 19th century decadence of murano glass, see Barovier 1978; Barovier: 2002; Barovier 1982a: 179-220; Barovier 2006: 233-34. see also dorigato 2002: 172-224; dorigato 2006: 17-23. 5 Hulton: 49, my emphasis. «ForestI» In venIce 3 of knowing whether mrs. Bronson’s collection of glass was really of «old venetian glass», or of newly made copies, but there is no doubt about her passion for collecting glass. Henry James wrote on the casa alvisi and its interior as well. according to James, mrs. Bronson was not fond … of spacious halls and massive treasures, but of compact and familiar rooms, in which her remarkable accumulation of minute and delicate venetian objects could show. she adored – in the way of the venetian, to which all her taste addressed itself – the small, the domestic and the exquisite; so that she would have given a tintoretto or two, I think, without difficulty, for a cabinet of tiny gilded glasses or a dinner service of the right old silver6. one of mrs. Bronson’s «small gilded glasses» can be seen in ralph curtis’s painting, Whistler at a party (1879-80)7 (Fig. 2), surely referring to casa alvisi, as mrs. Bronson’s generous hospitality helped James mcneill Whistler during the freezing winter of 1879-80, when he was commissioned to produce some venetian etchings after his ruinous victory in the trial against ruskin, who had famously written, referring to Whistler’s paintings, «I have seen, and heard, much of cockney impudence before now; but never expected to hear a coxcomb ask two hundred guineas for flinging a pot of paint in the public’s face»8. Big paintings did interest other residents, such as the curtises, from 1885 the owners of most of the Palazzo Barbaro, represented with their son and daughter-in-law, in their salon in a famous painting by John sargent (Fig. 3). The curtises owned a tintoretto and bought9 a Portrait of cavalier Giovanni Grimani by Bernardo strozzi10, on may 21 1894 (the sale lasted from 15 to 22 may 1894) at the famous morosini-Gatterburg sale11. The curtises did not buy any of the «verrerie», listed from number 283 to number 311. some of the numbers included: «environ trois cent quatre-vingt pièces de verrerie ancienne à décor d’or …» (287 à 298); 6 James [1902] 1992: 73. 7 mccauley et al. 2004: 90, no.57. 8 adelson et al. 2006: 172. 9 curtis 1894. 10 The painting can be seen in sala XI of the Gallerie dell’accademia, where it was located in 1911. 11 zorzi 1972: I, 226-232. 4 rosella mamolI zorzI «centquarante-quatre pièces de verrerie à bords dorés…» (305 à 311)12. verrerie, however, was not listed on the cover of the catalogue (which mentioned «diamants, perles, orfévrerie, tableaux, guipures, dentelles, étoffes», in addition to «objets d’art et d’ameublement»). Fortunately the famous table centre-piece, the morosini 18th century «deser» or «table triumph», which is now in the murano museum, was bought for the museum13. Paintings and brocades also interested ralph curtis, a painter, the son of ariana and daniel sargent curtis. ralph curtis was a friendly «agent» offering Isabella stewart Gardner, the future founder of the Fenway court museum in Boston, all sort of antiquarians’ objects in his letters. a very interesting painter himself, ralph met mrs. Gardner, when «mrs. Jack» and her husband arrived in venice from the tour around the world which had taken them from Boston across the usa and across the Pacific, to Japan, china, India, and finally to egypt and venice, where they arrived in 188414. Isabella stewart Gardner bought a painting by ralph curtis (Ritorno dal lido, 1884), but, as is well-known, she also bought many other very famous old masters, including titian’s Rape of europa, offered to her by Bernard Berenson (1896) (but she did not buy titian’s amor sacro e amor profano, also offered to her by BB in 1899)15. For her, ralph curtis bought in 1896, two «fire dogs» and a «crimson velvet» «piviale» («cope»), writing to her that he had «beat[en] satan down to letting you have the fire dogs and this textile gem for 2000 lire»16: satan was richetti, the antique dealer. Isabella stewart Gardner was a compulsory shopper: on 25 July 1892, for instance, she went, with her husband, to «Guggenheim, Besarel, dalla torre and clerlé» in the morning, and to «carrer and dalla torre» in the afternoon17. 12 Vente 1894. 13 dorigato 2002: 151; Barovier 1982a: 151, 154, nos. 148 and 149. 14 mccauley et al. 2004: 142. 15 letters of Bernard Berenson 1987: 55-56, passim for the Rape of europa, and 182-88 for amor Sacro e amor Profano. mrs. Gardner wrote she had already spent too much. 16 James 1998: 194. 17 In 1916 clerlé was in Palazzo avogadro, s. silvestro 1113, as documented in catalogo 1916. James 2009: 188.