Islam without Extremes A MUSLIM CASE FOR LIBERTY Mustafa Akyol W. W. Norton & Company New York · London Copyright © 2011 by Mustafa Akyol All rights reserved Printed in the U nited States of America First Edition Epigraphs for part I and chapter 5 reprinted with permission of Cambridge U niversity Press from The Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 2B. Copyright © 1970 by Cambridge U niversity Press. Epigraph for chapter 1 reprinted with permission of the Acton Institute, from Toward a Free and Virtuous Society by Robert A. Sirico. Copyright © 1997 by the Acton Institute. Epigraph for chapter 2 reprinted with permission of Oxford U niversity Press, from What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response by Bernard Lewis. Copyright © 1992 by Bernard Lewis. Epigraphs for chapters 3 and 8 reprinted with permission of the U niversity of Chicago Press, from Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies by Leonard Binder. Copyright © 1988 by the U niversity of Chicago Press. All rights reserved. Epigraph for chapter 7 reprinted with permission of Benjamin R. Barber, from a paper presented at the Istanbul Seminars, organized by Reset Dialogues on Civilization. Copyright © 2008 by Benjamin R. Barber. Epigraph for part III reprinted with permission of Michael Novak, from The Universal Hunger for Liberty: Why the Clash of Civilizations Is Not Inevitable by Michael Novak. Copyright © 1994 by Michael Novak. Epigraph for chapter 9 reprinted with permission of Vincent Cornell, from his paper entitled “Islam: Theological Hostility and the Problem of Difference.” Copyright © 1993 by Vincent Cornell. For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 For information about special discounts for bulk purchases, please contact W. W. Norton Special Sales at