Islam and the Arab Awakening This page intentionally left blank Islam and the Arab Awakening z TARIQ RAMADAN 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Tariq Ramadan 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ramadan, Tariq. [Islam et le réveil arabe. English] Islam and the arab awakening / Tariq Ramadan. p. cm. ISBN 978–0–19–993373–0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Democratization—Arab countries. 2. Social movements—Arab countries. 3. Revolutions—Arab countries. 4. Islam—21st century. I. Title. DS63.1.R3513 2012 909′.097492708312—dc23 2012005620 ISBN 978–0–19–993373–0 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Saliha and Zaid Shakir To Fawzia and Yusuf Islam To Ingeborg and Fred A. Reed This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction 1 1 . Made-to-Order Uprisings? 6 2. Cautious Optimism 23 3. Islam, Islamism, Secularization 67 4. Th e Islamic Reference 96 Conclusion 141 Acknowledgments 145 Appendices 147 Notes 213 Index 237 This page intentionally left blank Islam and the Arab Awakening