NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE CODE: ISL 374 COURSE TITLE: ISLAMIC POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS 1 ISL 374 ISLAMIC POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS COURSE GUIDE ISL 374 ISLAMIC POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Course Team Prof. Ahmed Bako (Course Developer/Writer) - Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto Prof. Razaq Deremi Abubakr (Course Editor) - University of Ilorin Prof. Asif F. Ahmed,( Programme Leader) – NOUN Dr. A. R. Mustapha (Course Coordinator) – NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 2 National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island, Lagos Abuja Office 5 Dar-es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-604-0 All Rights Reserved 3 ISL 374 ISLAMIC POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS CONTENTS PAGE Introduction……………………………………………..... iv What you will Learn in this Course……………………… iv Course Aim………………………………………………. iv Course Objectives………………………………………… v Working through this Course…………………………….. v Course Materials…………………………………………. v Study Units……………………………………………….. vi Textbooks and References……………………………….. vii Assignment File…………………………………………... viii Assessment Schedule……………………………………… viii Tutor-Marked Assignment……………………………….. viii Final Examination and Grading………………………….. viii Course Marking Scheme…………………………………. ix How to Get the Most from this Course…………………… ix Facilitation/Tutors and Tutorials…………………………. xi Summary………………………………………………….. xi 4 INTRODUCTION ISL 374: Islamic Political Institutions is a two-credit unit course in the second semester of the 300 level students running the B. A. in Islamic Studies programme at the National Open University of Nigeria. The course consists of 15 units divided into three modules. This course is a foundation course for the understanding of Islamic political institutions and thoughts. The political thought of Islam has a long and often debated tradition and consequently it has been misconceived and misinterpreted especially by the agents and collaborators of the Western imperialist powers. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE The course ISL374: Islamic Political Institutions is designed to introduce you to the historical origin, development, and features of Islamic political system with special emphasis on the basic Islamic institutions and political ideas. This course will enable you to understand the general pattern of the development of the Islamic political system since the time of the Prophet through the periods of the rightly guided Caliphs, the Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid, Ottoman Empire, and the Sokoto Caliphate. Key institutions that developed under the Islamic pattern of government during the said period of study will be examined. This course will give you a better understanding of the contemporary situation of those countries of the world with majority of their population as Muslim. This course can stand on its own as an introduction to the contemporary political dilemma of those Muslim countries in the world. It can for example, enhance your understanding of the long and bitter conflicts between the Shia-Sunni in different parts of the Muslim world. It can also serve as an introduction to an advanced course on Islamic political philosophy and ideas of Islam. COURSE AIM The aim of this course is to introduce you to some of the basic Islamic political institutions and the political ideas of Muslim scholars and jurists. The course will give you a broad understanding of the meaning and functions of Islamic political institutions since the early years of their development. The course will also introduce and provide you with a broad understanding of the key concepts and ideas of Islamic political thinkers and jurists. The course will also provide to you with the necessary skills to understand how Islamic political thought and ideas influenced modern political ideas and institutions. 5 ISL 374 ISLAMIC POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS COURSE OBJECTIVES Each of the 15 units of this course has specific objectives in addition to the general objectives. You may want to refer to them during your study of a particular unit to check on the progress you are making. On successful completion of this course you should be able to: • explain what Islamic political institutions are and define them • list some of the major institutions in Islamic political system • discuss the origin and development of the Islamic state • discuss the life of Muhammad and his contributions to the first Islamic state, especially in the administration of the Ummah • explain some of the fundamental problems that confronted the Islamic state in its formative years • discuss the political ideas of Muslim jurists and scholars, especially Ibn Khaldūn, IbnTaymiyyah, Ibn Sīnā, Al- Māwardī, Al- Ghazālī Sheikh Uthman Danfodiyo and Muhammad Bello • explain how Muslim political thoughts compare with contemporary political ideas • discuss the contributions of the early Islamic states (the Umayyad and the Abbasids) to the development of Islamic political ideas and institutions • explain some of the reasons that led to the collapse of the Caliphate as the most important Islamic institution. WORKING THROUGH THIS COURSE To complete this course you are required to read the study units, recommended text books and all other materials provided by the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). All the units contain self- assessment exercises, and at a point during the course you will be required to submit assignment for assessment purposes. At the end of this course you will be required to write a final examination. Please find below the components of the course and all what you will be expected to do. COURSE MATERIALS 1. Course Guide 2. Study Units 3. Text Books and other Reference Materials 4. Assignment file 5. Presentation 6 In addition you should also obtain the text material provided by the NOUN, you are also advised to purchase relevant text books and or journal to enhance your understanding of the course. STUDY UNITS Module 1 Unit 1 The Jāhiliyyah Period Unit 2 Early Life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Unit 3 Marriage to Khadījah and Advent of Islam Unit 4 Migration to Madinah and the Foundation of the Islamic State Unit 5 The Conquest of Makkah and the Triumph of Islam Module 2 Unit 1 The Institution of the Caliphate Unit 2 The Problem of Succession Unit 3 The Khulafā’al-Rāshidūn Unit 4 The Umayyads, the Abbasids, the Aglabids, Fatimids and the Ottoman Turks Unit 5 The Sokoto Caliphate Module 3 Unit 1 The Vizier and the Qādī Unit 2 The Muhtasib, Wāli Mazālim and Şāhibu ‘s-Shurţah Unit 3 Al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Al-Māwardī, Ibn Khaldūn and Al-Ghazālī Unit 4 The Sokoto Jihad Leaders and Scholars Unit 5 The Post Colonial Nigerian Muslim Scholars Each unit contains a number of self-assessment exercises that are meant to guide and judge your understanding of the unit covered; please take them seriously. Together with the tutor-marked assignments, the self- assessment exercises will assist you to achieve the stated learning objectives of each unit and of the course in general. TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES Some of the books that are central to this course are out of print. Nevertheless, try as much as possible to purchase one or two. Abdul, M.O. (1976).The Classical Caliphate: Islamic Institutions. Lagos: Islamic Publication Bureau. 7 ISL 374 ISLAMIC POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Hitti, P.K. (1970). History of the Arabs. Macmillan Haykal, M.H. (1982). The Life of Muhammad. North American Trust limited Lewis, B. (1995). The Middle-East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 years, Scribner, New York. Ubah, C.N. (2001). Islam in African History. Kaduna: Baraka Press. Last, M. (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. Ibadan: University Press Sulaiman, I, (1987). The Islamic State and the Challenge of History: Ideals, Policies and Operation of the Sokoto Caliphate. England: Mansell Publishing. The Qur’ān: Arabic Text with Corresponding English Meanings by Saheed International, Riyadh, Abulqasim publishing House, 1997 Glasse, C. (2005). The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam. EPP Books Services. Umar, B. (2001). “A Note on Muhammad Bello’s Conception of Political Values.” Al- Nahdah: A Journal of Islamic Heritage, 3(1 & 2). Hassan, A.T. (1999). “IbnKhaldun’s Concept of Asabiyyah: A Factor of Relevance in the Study of the Rise and Fall of the Central Government of the Sokoto Caliphate.” In Al-Nahdah: A Journal of Islamic Heritage, 3(1 & 2). Usman, Y.B. (Ed.). Studies in the History of the Sokoto Caliphate. Zaria. ABU, ASSIGNMENT FILE There are two aspects to the assessment of this course. In this file, you will find all the details of the work you must submit to your tutor for marking. The marks you obtain from these assignments will count towards the final grade that you will score. All information on assignments will be found in the assignment file. There are many assignments for this course, with each unit having at least one assignment. These assignments are meant to assist you understand the course. 8 ASSESSMENT There are two components to the assessment of this course. First, are the Tutor-Marked Assignments; and second, is a written examination at the end of the semester. In tackling both modes of assignments, you are required to use all what you learn from each unit and the course as a whole. Endeavour to submit your assignment to your tutor and in good time. The work you submit to your tutor as assignment will account for thirty per cent and the final examination seventy per cent. TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT There are 11 tutor-marked assignments (TMAs) in this course and you need to submit all. However, only the best three will be recorded. The remaining will equally be graded and return to you but will not be recorded for assessment purposes. When each assignment is completed, send it together with the TMA form to your tutor. Please ensure that each assignment reaches your tutor on or before the deadline. If for any reason you cannot submit please contact your tutor before the deadline. Extension will not be granted after the due date unless with the permission of the tutor. FINAL EXAMINATION AND GRADING The final Examination for ISL374: Islamic Political Institutions will be of two and a half hours duration and totals 70 per cent of the total course grade. The examination will consist of questions, which reflect the exercises and TMAs you have previously encountered. All issues and areas discussed in the course will be examined. You are advised to revise the entire course before sitting for the examination. COURSE MARKING SCHEME ASSESSMENT MARKS Assignments Any best three with each having 10%. Total for Assignments equals to 30% Final Examination 70% Total 100% 9 ISL 374 ISLAMIC POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS COURSE OVERVIEW AND PRESENTATION SCHEDULE Unit Title Week Module 1 Unit 1 The Jāhiliyyah Period Week 1 Assignment 1 Unit 2 Early Life of Prophet Week 2 Assignment 2 Muhammad(PBUH) Unit 3 Marriage to Khadījah and Advent of Week 3 Assignment 3 Islam Unit 4 Migration to Madinah and the Week 4 Assignment 4 Foundation of the Islamic State Unit 5 The Conquest of Makkah and the Week 5 Assignment 5 Triumph of Islam Module 2 Unit 1 The Institution of the Caliphate Week 6 Assignment 6 Unit 2 The Problem of Succession Week 7 Assignment 7 Unit 3 The Khulafā’al-Rāshidūn Week 8 Assignment 8 Unit 4 The Umayyads,the Abbasids, the Week 9 Assignment 9 Aghlabids, Fatimids and the Ottoman Turks Unit 5 The Sokoto Caliphate Week Assignment 10 10 Module 3 Unit 1 The Vizier and the Qādī Week Assignment 11 11 Unit 2 The Muhtasib, Wāli Mazālim and Week Assignment 10 Şāhibu ‘s-Shurţah 10 Unit 3 Al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Al-Māwardī, Week Assignment 11 Ibn Khaldūn 11 and Al-Ghazālī Unit 4 The Sokoto Jihad Leaders and Week Assignment 12 Scholars 12 Unit 5 The Post Colonial Nigerian Muslim Week Assignment Scholars 13 13, 14, 15 & 15 Revision HOW TO GET MOST FROM THIS COURSE In distance learning the study units replace the university lecturer. This is one of the great advantages of distance learning; you can read and work through specially designed study materials at your own pace, and at a time and place that suit you best. Think of it as reading the lecture instead of listening to a lecturer. 10