इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 7917 (1994): Freight Containers - Air/Surface (Intermodal) General Purpose Containers and Tests [TED 12: Freight Containers and Pallets] “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee”” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” Is 7917:1994 ISO 8323:1985 Indian Standard FREIGHT CONTAINERS — AIR/SURFACE (INTERMODAL) GENERAL PURPOSE CONTAINERS– SPECIFICATION AND TESTS (First Revision) UDC 62186988 @BIS 1994 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 March 1994 Price Group 12 SI 7917: 1994 IS0 8323: 1985 Indian Standard THGIERF SRENIATNOC ECAFRUS/RIA- ESOPRUPLARENEG)LADOMRETNI( -SRENIATNOC NOITACIFIC~EPS DNA STSET (First Revision) 0 Introduction 1.2 The coding, identification and marking of these con- tainers shall be in accordance with IS0 6346. To denote the 0.1 General container as an air/surface (intermodal) container, the symbol illustrated in figure 1 shall be located at the top left-hand corner The basic requirements for the air/surface tintermodal) con- of the end walls and side walls and, as appropriate, on the roof, tainer are presented in clauses 1 to 6, while the detailed design complying with the requirements of IS0 6346 (see annex 8.3 of requirements are laid down in annex A. Annex B sets out the this International Standard). sections of other International Standards which apply to the air/surface container. NOTE - If any other markings are used on the container,-they shall in no way interfere with the location of the marks required by IS0 6346. IS0 4128 presents the requirements for air mode general pur- pose containers. 1.3 The container types covered ~by this International Stan- dard are : Requirements for containers to be transported by rotary-wing aircraft are excluded from these International Standards. When wV Marking code identification required, an International Standard will be developed for this type of container. Air/surface intermodal 90 to 99 : Fixed wing (general cargo) NOTE - The essential basic and detail criteria are identified by use of the key word”‘shall”. Recommended basic and detail criteria are iden- tified by use of the key word “should”, and, while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing serviceable, economical and practical air/surface containers. 2 References IS0 668, Series 1 freight containers - Classification, external 0.2 Definition of container type dimensions and ratings. air/surface (intermodal) container : An article of transport IS0 1161, Series 1 freight containers - Corner fittings - equipment having an internal volume of 1 ms or more, fitted Specification. with top and bottom corner fittings, with restraint provisions compatible with an aircraft restraint system, and an entirely IS0 14%/l, Series 1 freight containers - Specification and flush base bottom to allow handling on rollerized cargo hand- , testing - Part 1 : General cargo containers for general pur- ling systems. poses. * . . The container is primarily intended for transport by air and IS0 3074, Series 1 freight containers - Handling and secur- interchange with surface transport modes (road, rail and sea). ing. IS0 4116, Ground equipment requirements for compatible with 1 Scope and -field of application aircraft unit load devices. 1.1 This International Standard sets out the basic re- IS0 4128, Aircraft - Air mode modular containers. quirements for the specification and testing of air/surface (intermodal) containers for general cargo, which are suitable IS0 6346, Freight containers - Coding, identification and for international exchange and for conveyance by road, rail and marking. sea as well as by freighter versions of high capacity fixed-wing aircraft, including interchange between these modes of IS0 8097, Aircraft - Minimum airworthiness requirements and transport. test conditions for certified air cargo unit load devices. 1) 1) At present at the stage of draft (de facto NAS 3610). SI 7917: 1994 IS0 8323 : 1985 3 General characteristics 4 Dimensions and ratings 3.1 Airworthiness 4.1 External dimensions Airworthiness requirements laid nwod by the applicable The overall external dimensions and tolerances of the con- authorities shall be recognized for container design features tainers, covered by this International Standard, are those such as ultimate loads (see 5.2.11, rapid decompression (see established for series lA, 16, 1C and 1D freight containers in 5.3.21, fire protection and markings. IS0 668 (see annex B.l of this International Standard). No part of the container shall project beyond these specified overall ex- For this purpose, IS0 8097 shall be applied. ternal dimensions. 3.2 Tare weight 4.2 Minimum internal dimensions Taking into consideration the unique aircraft requirements, container design should utilize the combination of design and Internal dimensions of containers shall be as larqe as possible, material which results in as low a tare weight as possible. but at least equal to those values given in table-l 3.3 Customs sealing The dimensions apply when measured at a temperature of 20 OC (88 OF). Measurements taken at other temperaturesshall Since air/surface (intermodal) containers are expected to travel be adjusted accordingly. mostly on international routes under customs control, con- tainer design shall meet the appropriate requirements of the Where a corner fitting projects into the internal space, as : following international conventions specified by table 1, that part of the corner fitting projecting I into the container shall not be considered as reducing the size a) UN/IMO : (International Maritime Organization) of the container. I Customs convention on containers, Geneva, 1972-12-02. : b) UN/ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) , Customs convention on the interna&nal transport of goods 4.2.1 Door opening under cover of TIR carnets .17/R Convention). Geneva, 1975-11-14. The container shall be designed to make the maxiqum possible internal cross-section available for loading. The requirements affecting container-design appear in annex 4 of the convention quoted in a) and in annex 2 of the convention Each container shall be provided with a door opening at least at quoted in b), Regulations on technical conditions applicable to one end. containers which may be accepted for international transport : under customs seal. Door openings shall be as large as possible, but not less than - : The main items to be taken into consideration for container minimum door height 2 134 mm (84 in) design appear in clause A.5 of annex A of this International Standard. - minimum door width : 2 288 mm (90 in) In accordance with annex 5 of the convention quoted in a) and with annex 3 of the convention quoted in b), an approval cer- tificate should be issued by a competent national authority, and 4.3 Ratings an approval plate as specified [minimum dimensions 200 mm x 100 mm (8 in x 4 in)] should be affixed accor- For the ratings of cuntainers suitabie for air and surface dingly in the vicinity of the lower edge of the container door. transport, the following definitions apply. Table 1 - Minimum internal dimensions Minimum width Minimum length Freight container Minimum - ____ designation height mm in mm ft in 1A 11 998 39 4 318 1B 2 197 mm 8 931 29 3 518 1c (7 ft 2 l/2 in) 2 330 91 3/4 5867 19 3 1D 2 802 9 2 5116 2 SI 7917: 1994 IS0 8323: 1985 4.3.1 maximum gross weight’] : The maximum_allowable 5.1.1 Stacking : combined weight of the container and its cargo Air/surface (intermodal) containers shall be capable of being : R, : maximum gross weight of an air/surface container stacked in position as follows (see table 3) - : R, : maximum gross weight of a surface container (stacking terminal storage beneath two general cargo con- only) tainers of the same size loaded to their ratings, as laid down in IS0 666 - 2R, 4.3.2 tare weight’), T : The weight of the empty container, - ship transport, below deck only : beneath one general including its normal complement of loading restraint devices. cargo container of the same size loaded to its rating, as laid down in IS0 666 - R, 4.4 Maximum gross weight, R,l), and distributed load for air/surface (intermodal) containers For stacking, the maximum gross weight, R,, for surface mode (intermodal) general cargo containers shall not exceed the The container shall not be used, in any transport system, at values given in table 2b). gross weights in excess of those given in table 2a). Table 2b) - Maximum gross weight of container, R, Table 2al - Maximum gross weight of container, R, Surface container Maximum gross weight, R, Air/surface intermodal Maximum gross weight, R, designation container designation kg lb kg lb 1A 30 480 -67 200 1A 20 412 45 000 1B 25 400 56000 1B 15 876 35 000 1c 20 3201) 44800 1c 11 340 25 000 1D 10 160 22400 1D 5 670 12 500 II A weight of 24 000 kg (52 920 lb) is contemplated for eht C1 -noc tainer as a future increase to this rating ni 0SI 668 is envisaged. However, a uniformly distributed load up to 6 759 kg (14 900 lb1 may be placed in any 3 m (IO ftl linear length for 5.1.2 Lifting from top corner fittings 1 ,A 1 B and 1 C containers. Series 1 ,A 1B and 1 C containers shall be capable of being 4.5 Centre of gravity lifted, from the four top corner fittings, with the lifting force ap- plied vertically. The ID container shall be capable of being Cargo placement shall limit the centre of gravity to within the lifted, from the four top corner fittings, with the lifting forces : envelope indicated below applied at any angle between the vertical and 60” to the horizontal (see 6.3 - test No. 2). a) * 10 % of the external width, meas u red from the geometric centre; 5.1.3 Lifting from bottom corner fittings b) I!I 5 % of the external length, measured from the Series lA, lB, 1C and ID containers shall be capable of being geometric centre; lifted, from the bottom corner fittings, by means of lifting devices exerting force on the bottom corner fittings only and cl between a height of 356 mm (14 in) to 1 219 mm attached to a single transverse central spreader beam’above the (45 in), measured from the bottom of the base. container (see 6.4 - test No. 3). To obtain the above asymmetric conditions, cargo density is assumed to vary linearly. 5.1.4 Ground handling 5 Basic design requirements*’ 5.1.4.1 Vertical movements The ground handling equipment will subject the container to 5.1 General certain loads that shall be taken into account by the designer. The lifting and lowering of containers onto supports is assumed All containers shall be weatherproof. to produce a dynamic load. The combined effect of this dynamic load, the varying centre of gravity of load within the Containers, when loaded to maximum gross weight, shall be container and gravity is assumed to produce an equivalent ver- capable of fulfilling the operating requirements specified in tical load not greater than 2,OR, (see 6.2 - test No. 1, 6.3 - 5.1.1 to 5.1.4. test No. 2, 6.4 - test No. 3). 1) The term “weight” is retained here, instead of the correct technical term “mass”, ni order ot mrofnoc ot tnerrUc commercial egasu )2 For yratnemelppus deliated design ,stnemeriuqer ees xenna .A 3 SI 7917: 1994 IS0 8323: 1985 Table 3 - Stacking Terminal storage Ship transport, below deck only 4 cl & Ship deck cl q R 4 cl RS P Due to the flat bottom configuration, for terminal storage, of 606 mm x 306 mm (24 in x 12 in), applied vertically compatible IS0 interlayer fittings or other separator means may downwards Csee6 .8.2 - test No. 7.1). be attached to the applicable corner fittings. 5.1.4.5 Deck lashing For stacking in ship cells (that is, the top two tiers), interlayer fittings shall be attached to each of the four bottom corner fit- No requirements for deck lashing are laid down, as air/surface tings (see IS0 3874). containers shall be carried below deck only (top two positions) for ship transport. 5.1.4.2 Horizontal movements 5.1.4.6 Base restraint on roller bed vehicles The design of the container shall take into account the longitudinal external restraint conditions which may be ex- Slots to be used for ground transport restraint on roller bed perienced during transportation by rail, so that the container vehicles, not equipped with twistlock fittings, shall be pro- shall be capable of withstanding a horizo ntal acceleration of 2g vided, as shown in figure 7. The inner face of each outward slot through the base, while being supported a n d restrained only at (or block) shall be capable of restraining, laterally, 33 % of the the four bottom corner fittings (see 6.5 - test No. 4). maximum gross weight (R,). The design of the container shall also take into account the The container lower edge member shall be capable of restrain- maximum operational forward forces which may be ex$reri- ing an upward load of 20 % of the maximum gross weight (R,) enced during surface transportation, so that the container shall in the slot area. These loads shall be applied simwltaneously be capable of withstanding a horizontal acceleration of 0,4g (see 6.13 - test No. 12). through the end walls or doors (see 6.6.2 - test No. 5.1). Account shall also be taken, in the design of the container, of -5.1.4.7 Grappler arms the maximum operational side forces which may be experi- enced during surface transportation, so that the container shall No optional provision is made for handling containers by means be capable of withstanding a horizontal acceleration of 0,6g of grappler arms or similar devices. through the sic! . valls (see 6.7.2 - test No. 6.1). 5.1.4.8 Loading by trucks or similar devices 5.1.4.3 Bridging and cresting The container floor shall withstand the concentrated dynamic The container shall be capable of negotiating a crest or bridge, loads imposed while being loaded by powered industrial trucks when being moved along a rollerized conveyor system, without or similar devices (see 6.9 - test No. 8). suffering permanent deformation or damage (see 6.12 - test No. 11). 5.2 Aircraft restraint loads 5.1.4.4 Roof strength (walking loads) 5.2.1 Ultimate loads The container roof shall be capable of withstanding a uniformly Air containers differ from their surface counterparts in that they distributed mass of not less than 300 kg (666 lb), over an area play an integral part in the aircraft restraint system, and are, 4 IS 7917: 1994 IS0 8323 : 1985 therefore, subject to additional design complexity, imposed by 5.3.3 The container body shall incorporate fittings at its top aircraft certification requirements. For this reason, this Inter- four corners in accordance with IS0 1161 (see annex 8.2 of this national Standard specifies design parameters not normally in- International Standard). The protrusion of the upper faces of cluded in International Standards. the top corner fittings shall be kept to a minimum of 6 mm (l/4 in) above the roof of the container. The container shall be designed to bear the ultimate loads given in IS0 8097 (see annex 8.4 of this International Standard), The bottom four corners shall incorporate fittings in actor while being supported on a roller system, in accordance with dance with figure 10. 5.4.6, base restrained, in accordance with 5.2.2 and 5.2.3, and with the centre of gravity of the cargo located at any point in Dimensions and tolerances between corner fittings shall be in the envelope, specified in 4.5. accordance with IS0 668 (see annex B.l of this International Standard). Under these loads, the container may exhibit permanent defor- mation, but it shall not break up to the extent of discharging cargo. 5.4 Container base 5.2.2 Base restraint loads 5.4.1 The container shall have a smooth bottom below which there shall be no protrusions. The lower surface of the edge Side loads shall be exerted on the container base. Upward, for- members and the bottom corner fittings shall be flush with the ward and aft loads shall be exerted by a fitting, as shown in bottom surface of the base (see figure 9). figure 4, inserted into the restraint slots, shown in figures 2 and 3. The design shall allow the forward and aft loads to be : 5.4.2 Along the length of the container, the bottom surface exerted on the following number of load-bearing slots shall be flat to within 3 mm (0.125 in). This shall allow for a : waviness factor, crest to crest, at a minimum pitch of 915 mm - 1A MO ft) container 11 slots (36 in). : - 1B (30 ft) container 8 slots 5.4.3 The base edge shall have the restraint slots which con- : - 1C (20 ft) container 5 slots form to figures 2 and 3. End slots Shall be provided in accor- dance with figure 7. The vertical surface of the base edge be- : - 1D (10 ft) container 2 slots tween the restraint slots shall be smooth and continuous, in order to provide a suitable interface for the automatic aircraft The ultimate forward and aft loads for each slot shall be restraint latches. The lower profile of the edges shall be as 8 340 daN (18 750 lb), imparted by a restraint latch, as shown shown in figures 3 and 7. in figure 4, acting on the abutment face. For forward and aft loads, the load-bearing slots shall be considered effective either 5.4.4 Securing points shall be provided internally for the at- on one or both sides of the container. tachment of devices for the lashing of cargo, and these points shall be located on 600 mm (24 in) centres around the periphery The container shall be designed to be restraine d in spite of ver- of the base, excluding the door si!l area. These points shall be tical loads exerted by 50 to 60 % of the total num ber of slots, “D” rings, or equivalent, each capable of imparting a force of equally distributed on each side. The upward load shall be 1 776 daN (4 000 lb) in any direction. exerted by a minimum fitting, as shown in figure 4, inserted in the side restraint slots (see 6.6.3, 6.6.4, 6.7.3, 6.7.4, 6.8.3 and 1 6.8.4). 5.4.5 So~that the container conforms to the aircraft system deflected shape, the 1A and 1B container base, loaded to the 5.2.3 Base restraint loads - ID containers rated maximum gross weight (see table 2), shall be free to +( deflect k 9,5 mm 3/8 in), without rigid restraint by the In addition to the requirements of 5.2.2, end restraint slots shall side walls. Base stiffness in the forward and aft direction in the be designed to restrain a 1 D container against ultimate forward, plane of the base shall have a maximum vaiue of aft and vertical upward loads, when used in conjunction with 339 075 N.m*/m (3 x 106 Ibf.in*/in) or 824000 Pa per restraint fittings, located as shown in figure 5 and in the con- 25.4 mm. figuration illustrated in figure 6. The container end slot dimen- ETON - esehT A1 dna 1 B reniatnoc stnemeriuqer etaler ot tnerruc air- sions and location are shown in figure 7. tfarc dna yam dednemaeb rof erutuf .tfarcria 5.3 Container assembly 5.4.6 The base shall provide for support and ease of move- 5.3.1 Container body construction shall be rugged and ment when loaded to the rated maximum gross weight on the weatherproof. following minimum conveyor systems : 5.3.2 A minimum total of 77.4 cm* (12 in*) of vent area for - Four rows of rollers, approximately-equally spaced over each 3 m (10 ft) length of container shall be provided, if the a width of 1 930 mm (76 in), measured between the centres door seal area is not sufficient to fulfil this venting requirement. of rows. Each row comprises 38 mm (1.5 in) diameter Each vent shall be adequately protected from cargo load shift parallel rollers, 76 mm (3 in) long, uncrowned, with an edge to ensure that the required vent area is available during rapid radius of 1,5 mm (0.06 in), spaced 254 mm (10 in) apart. depressurization in an aircraft. The container travels perpendicular to the roller centrelines. 5 SI 7917: 1994 IS0 8323: 1985 - Swivel castors, with 254 mm (1 in) diameter wheels, tainers in the loaded or unloaded condition may be provided as having a contact length of 51 mm 12 in), located on a optional features. The fork-lift pockets, where provided, shall 305 mm x 305 mm (12 in x 12 in) grid pattern. The con- comply with the dimensional requirements specified in figure 8. tainer travels in all directions across the grid. The pockets shall pass completely through the base structure of the container so that -lifting devices may be inserted from - Ball transfer units, with 25.4 mm (1 in) diameter balls, either side (see 6.10 - test No. 9). located on a 127 mm x 127 mm (5 in x 5 in) grid pattern. The container travels in all directions across the grid. Pocket design shall take into account that fork-lift tynes will not extend the full width of the container. Tilt backwards up to loo, (See 6.9.2 - test No. 8.2.) and lifting and load support equivalent to 1,25R will be im- parted by the upper tunnel structure against the two tyne blades, neither of which are more than 200 mm (8 in) wide nor 5.4.7 The base design shall allow for deflections of no more less than 1 828 mm (72 in) in length. In selecting the material than the thickness of the interlayer adaptor fittings in ground used for pocket faces and tunnels, consideration shall be given handling nor than the combined dimensions of the adaptor and to the fact that tynes are steel blades which will be inserted the proud location of the upper fittings of thesurface container k 3O to the centreline of the pocket. which it is stacked on in ship-cell handling. For design pur- poses, this combined dimension is assumed to be 19 mm (0.75 in). 5.6.2 Provisions for internal hanging devices Accordingly, under dynamic conditions, or the static equivalent Transport of cargo by means of hanging devices may be con- thereof, no part of the base shall deflect more than 19 mm sidered as an optional feature. It should be borne in mind, (0.75 in.) (see 6.2 - test No. 1). however, that such features may have a considerable influence on container design and testing, due to the load path imparted _ 5.5 Closures and doors by hanging loads. Therefore, standards and requirements for this feature are subject to further study and definition. 5.5.1 Any closure in the container which, if unsecured, could be hazardous, shall be provided with an adequate securing system having some indication outside the container that the 6 closure is secured in the appropriate operating position. In par- Testing ticular, doors should be capable of being securely fastened in the open and closed position, while the container is being sup- 6.1 General ported solely by the lower corner fittings or on the minimum conveyor systems, as described in IS0 4116. Air/surface (intermodal) containers, complying with the design requirements specified in clause 5, shall not be inferior to con- 5.5.2 The lower edge of the door and its attached hardware tainers which have passed the tests specified in 6.2 to 6.13 in- shall not encroach on the mandatory restraint slot areas as clusive. It is recommended that the test for weatherproofness shown in figure 7. (test No. 10) be carried out last. Unless otherwise stated, operational design loads are used in all 5.5.3 The door latches shall be designed to a llow the opening tests. For substantiation of analytical data, when required, and shutting of the door, when the container is on an uneven tests, in selected cases, may be repeated under ultimate load surface that varies up to 12,7 mm (0.5 in.) over the width of the conditions. If this becomes necessary, the container tested in door opening. *. this way shall not be used in service, until structural and design parameters have been completely restored. Where a test is not 55.4 Provision shall be made for a mechanical device to in- stipulated, the design requirements specified in clause 5 may dicate that doors are positively locked. be verified either by calculation or testing. 5.5.5 Particular attention should be given to the prevention of 6.1.1 The symbol R, denotes the maximum gross weight of water leaking through door-to-body interface areas (see 6.11 - the air/surface (intermodal) container [see table 2all and the test No. 10). symbol P denotes the maximum payload of the container under test, that is the tare weight, T, subtracted from the maximum : 5.5.6 Handles, straps, or handholds shall be provided on the gross weight door of the 1D container to assist manual movement of the R,=P+T container. These devices shall withstand a 450 daN (1 000 lb) pull in any direction, and should provide an area equivalent to P= R,- T 152 mm (6 in) wide by 76 mm (3 in) deep for gripping with a gloved hand. The symbol R, denotes the assumed maximum gross weight of the surface container lsee table 2b)l. 5.6 Optional features 6.1.2 The test load within the container shall be uniformly 5.6.1 Fork-lift pockets distributed, unless otherwise specified. The maximum varia- tions in the centre of gravity, as specified in 4.5, shall be con- 5.6.1.1 Fork-lift pockets used for handling 1C and 1D con- sidered for tests Nos. 5.2, 5.3, 6.2, 63, 7.2, 7.3, 8.2 and 11. 6