इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 14855-1 (2000): Plant Protection and Vector Control Equipment - Fogging Machines, Part 1: Pulse-Jet-Type Thermal Fogger [FAD 21: Farm Implements and Machinery] “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee”” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 14855 (Part 1) : 2000 --- Indian Standard PLANT PROTECTION AND VECTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT — FOGGING MACHINES — SPECIFICATION PART 1 PULSE-JET-TYPE THERMAL FOGGER ICS 65.060.40 Q BIS 2000 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 October 2000 Price Group 8 Farm Implements and Machinery Sectional Committee, FAD 59 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 1) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Farm Implements and Machinery Sectional Committee had been appro~ed by the Food and Agriculture Division Council. Thermal fogging equipment are used to produce fog of pesticide formulations. They are used as plant protection as well as vec~or control equipment. They work on- the principle that when droplets of a-vola~ile liquid come into contact with hot air stream (usually 300 ~ 30°C) at high velocity, the droplets shear-off and vaporizes and form a fog when condenses into cold atmospheric air. Thermal foggers are either hand carried or vehicle mounted. This standard is being published in two parts. Part 2 of this standard covers requirement of blower type thermal fogger whereas this part (Part 1) covers pulse-jet-type thermal fogger. In preparation of this standard assistance has been derived from WHO specification WHO/VBC/89-973 : 1989 ‘Thermal fogging equipment’ published by World Health Organization, Geneva and approved in 1989. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. IS 14855 (Part 1) : 2000 Indian Standard PLANT PROTECTION AND VECTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT — FOGGING MACHINES — SPECIFICATION PART 1 PULSE-JET-TYPE THERMAL FOGGER ... 1 SCOPE with air are fired so that the subsequent evaluation following the firing ofeach charge shall escape through This standard (Part 1) specifies material, a pipe, the diameter of which is smaller than that of constructional, performance and other requirements the combustion chamber, to increase the velocity of and methods of test of hand carried and vehicle the hot gases. mounted pulse-jet-type thermal fogger. 5.1.4 The pesticide formulation shall be in a con- 2 REFERENCE tainer that can be pressurized to force the liquid to a nozzle (or jet) fitted into the exhaust tube. The following standard contains provisions which through reference in this text, constitutes provision of 5.1.5 The machine shall be fitted with a safety cut- this standard. At the time of publication, the edition off valve toprevent the pesticide solution from flowing indicated was valid. All. standards are subject to into the exhaust gases when the pulse-jet engine has revision and parties to agreements based on this stopped. standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard 5.1.6 There shall be no sharp edges or projections indicated below: that might injure operators during normal operation. IS No. Title 5.1.7 The weight of a hand-camied unit, ready for 8480:1996 Crop protection equipment- operation, filled with fuel and pesticide formulation, Glossary of terms (.fhtrevision) shall not exceed 16 kg. The weight of larger units; vehicle-mounted, assembled for operation, including 3 TERMINOLOGY the weight of fuel and pesticide formulation, shall not exceed 250 kg. For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in 3 of IS 8480 shall apply. 5.2 Pump 4 MATERIALS A simple manually operated pump or equivalent shall be provided to pressurize the fuel containers when All materials used inthe construction shall be resistant, starting the machine. The capacity of the pump shall or painted or otherwise coated to provide resistance, provide a pressure of 30 kPa to 50 kPa and 8 kPa to to pesticides and chemicals used in their formulations 10kPa respectively for the two containers. The position under a wide range of climatic conditions and shall of the pump shall allow easy access to an electrical meet the performance criteria specified in 8.1. switch to connect a battery power supply via a spark plug fitted in the combustion chambers. 5 CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS NOTE — This switch is only operated until the machine has 5.1 General started torun continuously. 5.1.1 A thermal fog applicator shall have a system 5.3 Pulse-Jet Engine for producing aflow of hot air into which the pesticide formulation is metered. This shall consist of a combustion chamber with an 5.1.2 The air velocity shall be sufficient to shear the output of not less than 9.3 kW (8 000 kcal hour). It liquid into droplets and the temperature high enough should be fitted with a standard spark plug with an (300 ~ 30°C) to vaporize the droplets rapidly before electrode gap of 1 mm to 2 mm, and a carburetor the hot gas meets the surrounding air at ambient to meter the fuel and air flow. The fuel control valve , temperature. and air intake valves shall be easily removable for cleaning. Material used in construction of the com- 5.1.3 The pulse-jet-type thermal fogger, either hand- bustion chamber and exhaust tube shall be resistant to carried or vehicle mounted, shall have a combustion pesticide formulations and excessive heat. The exhaust chamber in which a series of charges of fuel mixed tube shall be protected by a guard. 1 IS 14855 (Part 1) : 2000 5.4 Fuel Tank d) Durability, with no operational problems after 50 h as described in 8.2.3. An in-built filter should be provided in the fuel tank or between fuel tank and the combustion chamber 6.2 Nozzle which will be easy to remove and clean or replace. The fuel tank shall be protected against excessive heat 6.2.1 When tested is accordance with method from the combustion chamber and exhaust tube. specified in 8.3.1 nozzle throughput shall not differ by ~ 5 percent of the declared value. 5.5 Pesticide Tank 6.2.2 When tested is accordance with the method The pesticide tank shall have a capacity of not less specified in 8.3.2 the droplet size shall be in the range than 5 litres. The tank opening shall be provided with of 8 ~m to 20 ~m VMD. an airtight lid which is easily fitted. An outlet shall be provided to facilitate drainage. If the tank is easily 6.3 Field Performance and Durability -. ..-. detachable, a separate outlet shall not be necessary. The tank shall be constructed of materials resistant to The pulse-jet-type thermal fogger shall successfully chemicals and be able to withstand apressure equal to undergo a field trial for a period of 50 h without a twice the recommended operating pressure without any change in the specifications provided by the leakage. manufacturers and development of major and/or frequent break downs of any part(s) of the unit. 5.6 Metering System The field trial shall be performed in accordance with The thermal fogger shall be provided with a series of the guidelines for field trials of ground space spraying jets of different internal nozzle diameter to control the equipment. Guidelines for field trials of ground spray- flow of insecticidal liquid in the range 10l/h to 35 l/h. ing equipment including fogging machines are given Larger units mounted on vehicles may have an output inAnnex A. of up to 160 I/h. There shall also be an easily accessible on-off valve. An adjustable metering system shall be 7 OTHER REQUIREMENT provided to control flow of insecticidal liquid. 7.1 Spare Parts and Tools 5.7 Mounting Frame and Strap The manufacturer, unless otherwise specified by the Small hand-carried thermal foggers shall be provided purchaser, shall supply spare parts and tools, including with a shoulder strap. Larger machines shall be funnels required for routine maintenance and mounted on a robust frame to withstand prolonged replacement during normal use of the equipment over vibration when the equipment is used on vehicles a period of one year. driven along tough roads and be equipped with parts or devices to reduce transmission of vibration of A list of spare parts, illustrated and; coded shall be the vehicle to components of the t hermal fogger. The provided to the purchaser. pesticide tank and fuel tank may be mounted on the same frame. 7.2 Operation and Maintenance Manual 5.7.1 Straps An adequately illustrated manual on the pulse-jet-type thermal fogger and its maintenance and repair, in the A chemical-resistant shoulder strap shall be provided language specified by the purchasing agency, shall be for small hand carried thermal foggers. The strap shall provided with each machine. The manual shall include be not less than 50 mm wide over the shoulder and complete instructions on the use, maintenance and adjustable in length. The strap shall be fitted with cleaning of the equipment and give a list of all parts. shoulder-pads which shall have a minimum width of 70 mm and a minimum length of 150 mm. The strap, including the covering of any additional padding, shall 7.3 Specification Sheet be, made of non-absorbent woven material. The strap Manufacturer shall supply the specifications of the shall withstand the test described in 8.4. machine consisting of the items listed in the data sheet given in Annex B. 6 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Engine 8 TEST PROCEDURES 8.1 Test for resistance of construction materials to The engine shall Dass the ~erformance tests described chemicals to test non-metallic parts of the thermal In 8.2- ~ith respe& to the ~ollowing criteria: fogger that are in contact with pesticide formulations the following solvent mixture shall be used: 40 percent a) Fuel consumption in l/b as described in 8.2.1; kerosene (by volume); 20 percent toluene (by volume); b) Ability of the engine to operate for not less than and 40 percent xylene (by volume). The part being one hour of fogging without the need to refuel; tested shall be soaked inthe mixture for 72 hatambient c) Noise level indecibels asdescribed in8.2.2 and temperature or at 20”C (whichever is the highest). The 2 IS 14855 (Part 1) : 2000 parts shall then be allowed todry in the air for afurther (0.5 m x0.5 m x 0.5 m) into which the fog isprojected 24 hours. After this exposure, the parts shall not deform while traveling past the opening at 1rrds and allowed and when they are reassembled they shall not leak and to settle for at least 15 min. Method for determining shall function normally. Care should be taken when droplet size spectra is given in Annex C. Temperature handling this mixture as it is toxic and inflammable. and humidity during the test shall be recorded. Other proven methods of droplet size determination may be 8.2 Pulse-Jet Engine used at the discretion of the testing authority, in particular advanced laser systems for measuring spray 8.2.1 Fuel Consumption droplets may also be used. All fuel shall be drained from the tank and ameasured 8.4 Strap Test volume of fuel shall be placed in the fuel tank. With the pesticide tank filled with kerosene or equivalent, that is without any active pesticide, the fogger shall A weight equivalent to the maximum operational -. be started and normal operating procedures used weight of the hand carried pulse-jet-type thermal to determine the length of time the engine will run with fogger shall be fixed to the lower end of the strap and the ensured volume of fuel. The mean fuel consumption fitting which has been removed from the sprayer and expressed in litres per hour shall be determined from firmly attached toahorizontal support so that the lower at least 2 tests, and the time for which the machine end is at least 20 cm above the ground. The weight runs on a full tank shall be calculated. shall be lifted to the height of the horizontal support and allowed todrop. The test shall be repeated 10times. 8.2.2 Noise Level The strap shall not be broken or damage by this test. The noise level shall be measured adjacent to the 9 MARKINGS operator’s ear when he is in the operating position. If the noise level exceeds 90 decibels (dB-A) the 9.1 The appropriate parts of the thermal fogger shall purchaser shall be provided with ear protectors be indelibly marked with the following: appropriate to the noise spectrum produced by the engine, as part of the equipment. The noise level shall a) Manufacturers name and registered trade-mark; never exceed 120 decibels. b) Capacity of pesticide tank in litres; 8.2.3 Durability of Engine c) Fuel tank capacity ‘inlitres; The thermal fogger shall be operated at the maximum d) Quality of fuel to be used for the engine; flow rate for at least 5 hours or 5 full tanks (whichever is longer) per day. After refilling of the fuel tank, e) Open and closed position of the cut-off valve the engine shall be restarted and any difficulties in on the spray line; restarting and maintenance required noted. This test shall be repeated for at least 10 days or total of f) Jet or restrictor size; 50 h without any major interruptio n in the use of the g) Setting position of the fuel valve; machine. h) Position of the batteries in the holder; and 8.3 Nozzle j) Batch or code number. 8.3.1 Throughput 9.2 BIS Standard Marking This shall be checked with the range of restrictors Each product may also be marked with the BIS provided with the machine to determine the time (not Standard Mark. less than 1 rein) to emit a known volume of liquid. Unless otherwise specified, odourless kerosene shall be the test liquid with viscosity and temperature 9.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by recorded. the provisions of Bureau ofIndian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The 8.3.2 Droplet Size details of conditions under which the Iicence for the use of Standard Mark maybe granted to manufacturers Glass slides coated with teflon or silicon may be or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of placed horizontally on a floor in a chamber Indian Standards. 3 IS 14855 (Part 1) : 2000 ANNEX A (Clause 6.3) GUIDELINES FOR FIELD TRIALS OF GROUND SPACE SPRAYING EQUIPMENT A-1 TRIAL AREA A-2.3 Pesticides A-1. 1 Selection An adequate stock of pesticide formulation recommended for the trial and suitable for the The trial area has to be well chosen and defined, taking equipment used has to be provided. In addition into consideration its suitability for operational evalu- kerosene or recommended flushing solvent should be ation, as well as entomological assessment. supplied for flushing the discharge assembly (the amount being 1l/day). ... . A-1.2 Size Equipment for mixing the pesticide and carrying it in The selection of the size of the area is governed by the the field normally includes buckets, funnels with type of equipment to be evaluated, whether portable strainers, and j,errycans. or vehicle-mounted. It also depends on whether it is planned to apply space spraying outdoors only or A-2.4 Fuel indoors only or both. The objective is to complete the treatment of the area within the prescribed time Fuel recommended by the manufacturer has to be used. depending on the operational output of the equipment The recommended proportion of petrol and oil in the and the application techniques. Vehicle-mounted fuel mixture for the two stroke engines must be adhered equipment is suitable in areas having adequate access to. Estimates; are usually based on the average roads, and the horizontal throw of the spray producer consumption per hour of daily use. A quantity of may reach more than 100 m away from the roadside lubricating oil must also be provided. at a vehicle speed of 5-10 km/h. Application by portable equipment is carried out at the operator’s A-2.5 Protective Equipment walking speed, and the spray droplets may be projected horizontally for more than 10 m. The requirements for protective equipment depend on the compound to be applied as well as operational A-1.3 Geographical Reconnaissance conditions. The following items, however, are normally recommended for the protection of spray operators: A detailed sketch-map of the area must be prepared to show the following: a) Two pairs of overalls for each operator to allow a freshly washed pair to be worn each day; a) Layout and numbers of buildings; b) A wide-brimmed hat or helmet for each b) Type and quality of roads; operator to cover the head and protect the face c) Type and size of water collectio ns; and and back of the neck from airborne pesticide d) Vegetation and forest belts. particles during the spraying; c) One pair of plastic goggles for each operator to Useful information to be collected should include type be worn during application of pesticides; and size of buildings; population census; climatic conditions; and accessibility of roads during the d) One pair of ear protectors (head-guard, ear evaluation period. muffs, hearing protectors) for each operator if the noise level produced by the engine exceeds A-2 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT the acceptable level of 90 decibels (dB-A) as indicated by the Iabo!atory tests. A-2.1 Number of Units to be Tested e) One respirator for each operator fitted with a special cartridge or protection from pesticides, Normally one unit of the vehicle mounted type can be to be worn when spraying highly concentrated evaluated in a project. In the case of portable equip- compounds suitable for ultra-low volume (ULV) ment, one or preferably two units may be tested application; depending on the size of the trial area, output of the machine and frequency of application. f) Spare cartridges for the respirator; @ Rubber or plastic gloves (domestic type), to be A-2.2 Tools and Spare Parts used by the operators when spraying and handling the pesticide; A set of necessary tools for the maintenance and repair h) One pair of shoes for each operator to protect of equipment is usually supplied by the manufacturer; the feet from being covered by pesticides during if not, it should be provided. The manufacturer has to spraying; and supply enough spare parts for routine replacement during normal use of the equipment. j) Soap, towels and water containers. 4 IS 14855 (Part 1) :2000 A-2.6 Testing Equipment A-3.1.2 Familiarity with the Unit The following items are required for testing the fuel Read carefully the instructions for assembling, the unit consumption, output, and performance of the equip- and become familiar with the type of fuel and oil to be ment: used, the method of starting and stopping the engine, the method of carrying (for portable type) or method ‘a) A tachometer, to measure the engine speed; ofmounting (for vehicle-mounted type), the filling and discharging of the fuel and pesticide ta,lks, and the b) An anemometer (portable), to measure the wind types of nozzle and restrictors provided. velocity; c) A dry and wet thermometer, to measure the A-3.1.3 Assembling the Equipment for Operation temperature and relative humidity; d) A viscometer, to measure the viscosity of Assemble the equipment and make it ready for pesticide formulations; operation, following the manufacturer’s instructions. e) A 1-litre graduated plastic cylinder; Refer to the specifications, and check thoroughly the following: f) A 100 ml graduated plastic cylinder; .@ A microscope, with a mechanical stage, a 10 x a) Materials of construction; eye piece and 10 x objective lens, for droplet b) Dimensions; count; c) Weight (when empty); h) Magnesium ribbon, for coating the slides with d) Capacity of fuel and pesticide tanks; alayer of magnesium oxide, andlor an adequate number of slides covered with silicon and e) Location of silencer or exhaust-pipe and its teflon; safety to the operator; j) Four slide boxes, each to hold 25 slides; f) Convenience in carrying (portable type) or loading and unloading (vehicle-mounted type); k) Twenty five aluminium slide holders, for holding the slides in the field. g) Flow adjustment or entering system, location and convenience of operation; and A-2.7 Forms h) Markings on engine and parts as specified. Forms for recording and reporting the required A-3.1.4 Starting the Engine information during the trial period should be prepared (see A-6). Following procedure shall be adopted: A-2.8 Transport a) Fi’11the fuel tank with recommended l’uel, and check the oil level in the crankcase of the Two flat-bed or pick-up truck s are required for compressor; transporting the equipment, pest icides and spray b) St!art the engine following the manui”:[cturcr>s operators. instructions; c) Wear ear protectors if necessary, as advised by A-3 METHODS the manufacturer or laboratory; Methods of testing and evaluation are confined to the d) Stop the engine and start it again; repeat a few design, operation, performance, and maintenance of times; equipment during the trial period. It is advisable that e) Check for leaks in the fuel line; the specit~cations for the equipment and the results of f) Fill the pesticide tank with water; laboratory tests should be known to individuals responsible for the programme before starting the trial. g) Operate the discharge system arid check for leaks; and A-3.1 Initial Tests h) Check if all gauges and controls m-ewtwking. Initial checks and tests should be conducted immedi- A-3.1.5 Engine Speed ately after the equipment is received and before the start of the actual field operations. a) Operate the engine at maximum speed, as directed by the manufacturer; and A-3.1.1 Checking of Equipment b) Measure the speed in revolutions per minute with a tachometer. Check the equipment carefully for any damage or dents. Checks should also be carried out on A-3.1.6 Fuel Consumption accessories, spare parts, and tools as described in specifications for equipment and manuals of operation a) Drain off fuel from the tank and carburetor; and maintenance as specified by the manufacturer. b) Place a measured volume of fuel in the fuel Method and quality of packing should also be checked. tank, and fill the pesticide tank with water; 5