IS 13801 : 2013 Hkkjrh; ekud pdksjnkj lhesaV daØhV Vkbysa µ fof'kf"V ¼igyk iqujh{k.k½ Indian Standard CHEQUERED CEMENT CONCRETE TILES — SPECIFICATION ( First Revision ) ICS 91.100.30 © BIS 2013 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 May 2013 Price Group 5 Flooring Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 5 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Flooring Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Chequered cement concrete flooring titles are mostly used for footpaths, driveways, entrance and stair-cases of public buildings, passages of auditoriums and storage godowns, etc. Large number of cement concrete chequered tiles are being manufactured and used in our country. This standard was first published in 1993 in order to provide necessary guidance to manufacturers and users of cement concrete chequered tiles. This revision has been undertaken to keep abreast with the experience gained while applying the provisions of the earlier version and to include further modifications in light of the same. Chequered cement concrete tiles have traditionally been manufactured by pressure process. Tiles are also being manufactured by other processes such as vibration process, either alone or in combination with pressure process. This standard however leaves it to the manufacturer to adopt any process of manufacturer. The following major changes have been incorporated in this revision: a) Classification of chequered cement concrete tiles introduced; b) Requirement on thickness of tiles including tolerance has been re-defined and minimum thickness specified separately for single layer/mono-layer and double layer tiles; and c) Additional size of 400 mm introduced; The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex H. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. IS 13801 : 2013 Indian Standard CHEQUERED CEMENT CONCRETE TILES — SPECIFICATION ( First Revision ) 1 SCOPE 4 CLASSIFICATION This standard covers chequered cement concrete 4.1 Cement concrete chequered tiles shall be of two flooring tiles of plain, coloured and terrazo types. classes as given below depending on the duty they perform: 2 REFERENCES a) General Purpose Tiles — Used for light traffic The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions loads such as in entrances and staircases of which through reference in this text, constitute office buildings, schools, colleges, hospitals provisions of this standard. At the time of and residential buildings and in footpaths and publication, the editions indicated were valid. All driveways within building compounds. standards are subject to revision and parties to b) Heavy Duty Floor Tiles — Used for heavy agreements based on this standard are encouraged traffic conditions such as in industrial to investigate the possibility of applying the most godowns and industrial workshop floors; recent editions of the standards indicated in platforms; ramps and entrances of public AnnexA. buildings; passages of auditoriums; and in public footpaths and pavements within 3 TERMINOLOGY commercial building compounds. For the purpose of this standard the definitions given in IS 1237 and the following shall apply. 5 MATERIALS 3.1 Chequered Tiles—Chequered tiles are cement 5.1 Cement tiles or terrazzo tiles having grooves on the surface of Cement used in the manufacture of tiles shall be 33 the tile making it anti-slippery. The area of chequered Grade ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269 grooves should not be less than 2 percent of the total or 43 Grade ordinary Portland cement conforming to surface area of the tile. The chequered groove can be IS 8112 or 53 Grade ordinary Portland cement in any shape and length, but the depth of the grooves conforming to IS 12269 or Portland pozzolana cement should not be less than 3 mm. (flyash based) conforming to IS 1489 (Part 1) or 3.2 Plain Chequered Tiles—Chequered tiles, in the Portland pozzolana cement (calcined clay based) manufacture of which pigments and stone chips are conforming to IS 1489 (Part 2) or Portland slag cement not used in the wearing surface. conforming to IS 455 or rapid hardening Portland cement conforming to IS 8041 or white Portland 3.3 Chequered Coloured Tiles—Chequered tiles cement conforming to IS 8042. having a plain wearing surface wherein pigments are used but not stone chips. 5.2 Aggregates 3.4 Terrazo Chequered Tiles—Chequered tiles at Aggregates used in the backing layer of tiles shall least 25 percent of whose wearing surface is composed conform to the requirements of IS 383. For the wearing of stone chips in a matrix of plain or coloured Portland layer, unless otherwise specified aggregates shall cement mixed with or without pigments and consist of marble chips or any other natural stone chips mechanically ground and filled. of similar characteristics and hardness, marble powder or dolomite powder or mixture of the two. 3.5 Monolayer Tiles—Chequered tiles on which there is only one layer that is wearing layer, and which does 5.3 Pigments not contain backing layer. 5.3.1 Pigments, synthetic or otherwise, used for 3.6 Double Layer Tiles—Chequered tiles which colouring tiles shall have durable colour. It shall not contain a wearing layer as well as a backing layer. contain matters detrimental to concrete and shall 1 IS 13801 : 2013 according to the colour required be one of the following Table 1 Size of Cement Concrete Flooring Tiles or their combination: (Clause 7.1) All dimensions in millimetres. Pigments Relevant Indian Standard Sl Length Breadth Minimum Thickness No. Black or red or brown pigments IS 44 Single Layer or Double Layer Mono-layer Tile Tile Green pigments IS 54 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) i) 200 200 17 22 Blue pigments IS 55 or IS 56 or ii) 250 250 17 22 IS 3574 (Part 2) iii) 300 300 20 25 iv) 400 400 20 25 White pigments IS 411 NOTE — The thickness shall be measured at two points Yellow pigments IS 50 or IS 3574 situated approximately 50 mm from the ends on the fracture (Part 1) line of the tile that was tested for wet transverse strength according to 12.5. The total thickness is the arithmetic mean 5.3.2 Colours other than mentioned above may also be of these two measurements. used. 5.3.3 The pigments shall not contain zinc compounds 8 TOLERANCES or organic dyes. 8.1 Tolerances on length or breadth of tiles shall be 5.3.4 Lead pigments shall not be used unless otherwise ±1mm. In addition, the difference in length of side specified by the purchaser. between the longest side and the shortest side in the sample shall not exceed 1 mm. 6 MANUFACTURE 8.2 Tolerance on thickness shall be +15 percent of the 6.1 Chequered cement concrete flooring tiles shall be minimum thickness (no tolerance on the negative side manufactured from a mixture of cement, natural shall be permitted). In addition, the difference in aggregates, and colouring materials where required, thickness between the thickest and the thinnest tile in by pressure process or vibration or both so that the the sample shall not exceed 10 percent of the minimum tiles meet the required strength. thickness. NOTE — When manufactured by pressure process alone, the 8.3 Thickness of Wearing Layer tiles shall be subjected to a pressure of not less than 14 N/ mm2. 8.3.1 The thickness of wearing layer measured from 6.2 The tiles shall be manufactured in single layer/ the top of the chequers shall be as specified in mono-layer or in double layer. Table2. 6.3 The proportion of cement to aggregate in the Table 2 Thickness of Wearing Layer for Double backing of the double layer tiles shall be not leaner Layer Tiles than 1 : 3 by mass. Single layer/mono-layer tiles shall have only the wearing layer. Sl Class of Tile Minimum Thickness No. of Wearing Layer for 6.4 Where colouring material is used in the wearing Double Layer Tile layer, it shall not exceed 10 percent by mass of cement mm used in the mix. (1) (2) (3) i) Chequered tiles, plain or coloured 5 6.5 On removal from the mould, the tiles shall be kept or terrazzo with chip size varying in moist condition continuously for such a period that from the smallest up to 12 mm, for would ensure their conformity to the requirements of general purpose ii) Chequered terrazzo with chip size 6 this standard. varying from the smallest up to 20 mm, for general purpose 7 DIMENSIONS iii) Chequered tiles, plain or coloured 6 or terrazzo with chip size varying 7.1 The size of chequered cement flooring tiles shall from the smallest up to 20 mm, for be as given in Table 1. heavy duty 7.1.1 Half tiles rectangular in shape shall also be 8.3.2 The thickness of the wearing layer shall be available. Half tiles for use with full tiles in the floor measured at several points along the fracture line of shall have dimensions which shall be such as to make the tile that was tested for wet transverse strength in two half tiles when joined together, to match with the accordance with 12.5. The arithmetic mean of the two dimensions of the one full tile. 2 IS 13801 : 2013 measurements which yielded the lowest value shall be 12.3 Straightness the minimum thickness of the wearing layer. When tested according to the procedure given in AnnexD, 9 SPECIAL SHAPE AND SIZE the gap between the thread and the plane of the tile shall not exceed 1 percent of the length of the edge. Shapes and sizes of tiles other than those specified in 7.1 may be manufactured when agreed upon 12.4 Water Absorption between the supplier and the purchaser but the depth When tested according to the procedure laid down in of the grooves shall not be less than 3 mm. The tiles Annex E, the average percent of water absorption shall shall also meet all other requirements of the standard. not exceed 10. NOTE — In rectangular tiles, the requirements for the difference in the length of sides as specified in 7.1 shall be 12.5 Wet Transverse Strength applicable both to the length and width of the tiles. When tested according to the procedure laid down in 10 GENERAL QUALITY Annex F, the average wet transverse strength shall not Unless otherwise specified, the tiles shall be supplied be less than 3 N/mm2. with initial grinding and grouting of the upper layer. 12.6 Resistance to Wear The upper layer of the tiles shall be free from projections, depressions, cracks (hair cracks not When tested in the manner specified in Annex G, the included), holes, cavities and other blemishes. The wear shall not exceed the following values: edges of the wearing layer may be rounded. a) For general purpose chequered 11 FINISH tiles : 1) Average wear : 3.5 mm The colour and texture of the wearing layer shall be uniform throughout its thickness. No appreciable 2) Wear on individual : 4 mm difference in the appearance of the tiles, from the point specimen of view of colour of aggregate, its type and its b) For heavy duty chequered tile : distribution on the surface of the wearing layer shall 1) Average wear : 2 mm be present. 2) Wear on individual : 2.5 mm NOTES specimen 1 When indenting for coloured chequered tiles, the purchaser 13 MARKING should specify the colour. It should be noted that due to the nature of the product, the range of colours for flooring tiles is 13.1 Tiles shall be legibly and indelibly marked on the limited and the tiles may not be produced to match all the back with the identification of the source of colours. Purchasers are recommended to consult the manufacturers while selecting the colours of tiles which they manufacturer. Heavy duty tiles shall be marked ‘H’. wish to procure. 2 Exact matching of the shade of the colour may not be always 13.2 BIS Certification Marking possible in actual manufacture. There may be some variations in colour in different batches due to variations in the basic Each tile may also be marked with the Standard Mark. colour of raw materials. 13.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by 12 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT the provision of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. 12.0 The tests on tile shall not be carried out earlier The details of conditions under which a licence for the than 28 days from the date of manufacture. use of the Standard Mark may be granted to 12.1 Flatness of the Tile Surface manufacturers or producers, may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. When tested according to the procedure laid down in Annex B, the amount of concavity and convexity in 14 PACKING the tiles shall not exceed 1 mm. The tiles shall be packed according to the usual trade 12.2 Perpendicularity practice and adequately protected. When tested in accordance with the procedure laid 15 SAMPLING AND CRITERION FOR down in Annex C, the longest gap between the arm of CONFORMITY the ‘square’ and the edge of the tiles shall not exceed 2 15.1 The consignment of chequered cement concrete percent of the length of the edge. flooring tiles shall be divided into a number of lots in 3 IS 13801 : 2013 accordance with 15.1.1. Each lot shall be inspected 15.3 Number of Samples and Criterion for separately for ascertaining its conformity to the Conformity requirements of this standard. For each characteristic the number of sample tiles to 15.1.1 Lot be selected from a lot and the criterion for determining the conformity of the lot on the basis of the test results All the chequered cement concrete flooring tiles in a on those samples, shall be in accordance with consignment which are of same class, shape and size inspection level 1 in Table 1 and AQL 6.5 percent in and manufactured by a single manufacturer from Table 3A of IS 2500 (Part 1). identical raw materials, under identical conditions of manufacture shall be grouped together to constitute a 15.4 If the samples drawn for testing one characteristic single lot. can be utilized for testing any other characteristic, 15.2 The sample of tiles for inspection and testing shall without introducing any prejudice in the test results of be chosen from a lot at random. For guidance in the latter, it would not be necessary to take fresh procedure of random selection IS 4905 may be referred. samples for the latter characteristics. ANNEX A (Clause 2) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 44 : 1991 Iron oxide pigments for paints — Specification: Specification (second revision) (Part 1) : 1991 Fly ash based (third revision) 50 : 1980 Specification for lead and scarlet (Part 2) : 1991 Calcined clay based (third revision) chromes (third revision) 2500(Part 1) : Sampling procedure for inspection 54 : 1988 Specification for green oxide of 2000 by attributes: Part 1 Sampling chromium for paints (second schemes indexed by acceptance revision) quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot 55 : 1970 Specification for ultramarine blue for inspection (third revision) paints (first revision) 3574 Specification for organic pigments 56 : 1993 Prussian blue ( iron blue ) for paints for paints: — Specification (second revision) (Part 1) : 1965 AZO pigments (Toluidine Red; 269 : 1989 Ordinary Portland cement, 33 grade Chlorinated p-Nitroaniline Red; — Specification (fourth revision) Arylamide Yellows and Para Red) 383 : 1970 Specification for coarse and fine (Part 2) : 2000 Phthaloyanines (first revision) aggregates from natural sources for 4905 : 1968 Methods for random sampling concrete (second revision) 8041 : 1990 Rapid hardening Portland cement — 411 : 1991 Titanium dioxide, anatase, for paints Specification (second revision) — Specification (third revision) 8042 : 1989 White Portland cement — 455 : 1989 Specification for Portland slag Specification (second revision) cement (fourth revision) 8112 : 1989 43 grade ordinary Portland cement 1237:2012 Cement concrete flooring tiles — — Specification (first revision) Specification (second revision) 12269 : 1987 Specification for 53 grade ordinary 1489 Portland pozzolana cement — Portland cement 4 IS 13801 : 2013 ANNEX B (Clause 12.1) METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF FLATNESS OF TILE SURFACE B-1 Six full size tiles selected in accordance with 15 test is repeated along the second diagonal. The larger shall be tested in the manner specified in B-2 to B-4. gap is the amount of concavity. B-2 Flatness of the tile surface is tested by means of a B-4 For testing surfaces that are convex, the ruler is metal ruler, whose length is not less than the tile placed on the surface of the tile along one of the diagonal. diagonals so that the distances between the ruler and the tile, at the ends of the diagonal, are equal. The B-3 For testing surfaces that are concave, the ruler is largest gap is measured between the ruler and tile and placed on the surface of the tile along one of the the test is repeated along the second diagonal. The diagonals so that the ruler touches the tile at not less larger gap is the amount of convexity. than two points. The largest gap is measured and the ANNEX C (Clause 12.2) METHOD OF THE DETERMINATION OF PERPENDICULARITY C-1 Six full size tiles selected in accordance with 15 distance between the other arm of the ‘square’ and shall be tested in the manner specified in C-2. the other edge is measured at the end of the tile. The test is repeated such that two opposite edges C-2 One arm of a ‘square’, the arms of which are shall be tested. longer than the sides of the tile, is placed along one of the edges of the tile, so that the corner of C-3 The largest gap between the arm of the ‘square’ the ‘square’ touches the corner of the tile. The and the edge of the tile shall be reported. ANNEX D (Clause 12.3) METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF STRAIGHTNESS D-1 Six full size tiles selected in accordance with 15 largest gap between the thread and the plane is shall be tested in the manner specified in D-2. recorded. The test is repeated alongside each of the other edges. The gap between the thread and the plane D-2 Two corners of the tile surface shall be connected of the tile shall not exceed 1 percent of the edge length. with a fine thread alongside one of the edges and the 5 IS 13801 : 2013 ANNEX E (Clause 12.4) METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION E-1 Six full size tiles selected in accordance with 15 M −M shall be used for the test. They shall be immersed in Water absorption, percent by mass =× 1 2 100 M water for 24 h, then taken out and wiped dry. 2 E-2 Each tile shall be weighed immediately after where saturation and wipping as in E-1. The tile shall then be M = mass of the saturated specimen, in g; and dried to a constant weight in an oven maintained at 1 M = mass of the oven-dried specimen, in g. 110 ± 5°C, cooled to room temperature and re-weighed. 2 E-4 The average value shall be reported. E-3 The water absorption for each tile shall be determined as follows: ANNEX F (Clause 12.5) METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF WET TRANSVERSE STRENGTH F-1 Six full size tiles selected in accordance with 15 length of the padding shall be at least as long as the shall be tested in wet condition after soaking in water tile. for 24 h. F-5 The load shall be applied gradually and at a uniform F-2 The specimen shall be placed horizontally on two rate not exceeding 2 000 N per minute, until the tile parallel steel supports, with wearing surface upwards breaks. and its sides parallel to the supports. At least one of F-6 The load P which caused the breaking of the tiles the supports shall be self-adjusting. shall be recorded. The thickness shall be determined F-3 The load shall be applied by means of a steel rod as the average of two measurements at the location of parallel to the supports and midway between them. The the fracture, 50 mm from each edge (see 7.1 and 8.3.2). length of the supports and of the loading rod shall be The wet transverse strength f shall be calculated as longer than the tile. Their diameter shall be 12 mm. follows: The surface of the rod and supports in contact with the 3PI tile shall be rounded. The span between the supports f = N/mm2 shall be as follows: 2bt2 Size of Tile Span where mm mm P = breaking load, in N; 200 × 200 150 I = span between supports, in mm; 250 × 250 200 300 × 300 250 b = tile width, in mm; and 400 × 400 350 t = fracture thickness of the tiles measured from the fracture line, in mm. F-4 A plywood padding about 3 mm thick and 20mm F-7 The average wet transverse strength shall be wide shall be placed between the tile and each of the reported. supports and between the tile and the steel rod. The 6 IS 13801 : 2013 ANNEX G (Clause 12.6) METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO WEAR G-1 METHOD of the specimen and the reading of the instrument taken. The position of the dial gauge and the sitting of the contactor shall G-1.1 Six full size tiles selected in accordance with 15 be the same during the subsequent measurement after abrasion. shall be tested in the manner specified in G-1.2 2 The measurement for thickness both before and after the test to G-1.5. shall be taken at five points (one at the centre and four at the corners) as shown in Fig. 2. G-1.2 Preparation of Test Specimens The test specimens shall be square in shape and of size 70.6 mm × 70.6 mm (that is, 500 mm2 in area). They shall be sawn off one only from each tile, preferably from the central part of the tile. The deviation in the length of the specimen shall be within ±2 percent. The surface to be tested shall be ground to remove the grouting/filling. G-1.3 Apparatus and Accessories G-1.3.1 Abrasion Testing Machine The abrasion of specimens shall be carried out in a machine conforming essentially to the requirement given in G-2. G-1.3.2 The abrasive powder used for the test shall conform to the requirements given in G-3. G-1.3.3 Measuring Instrument FIG. 2 POINT SHOWING MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS A suitable instrument capable of measurements to an accuracy of 0.01 mm shall be used for determining the G-1.4 Procedure of Test change in the thickness of the specimen after abrasion. The specimens shall be dried at 110 ± 5°C for 24 h NOTES and then weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. The specimen 1 The arrangement for measurement of thickness with the after initial drying and weighing shall be placed in the instrument may be as given in Fig. 1. Shoulders A and B are thickness measuring apparatus (see G-1.3.3, Note 1) right angles and the base C is machined at top to an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The test specimen shall be placed on the base with its wearing surface upwards and the reading of with its wearing surface upwards and sides in contact with the the measuring instrument taken. shoulders. The measuring instrument (or dial gauge) shall be set up firmly so that the contactor slightly presses on the surface G-1.4.1 The grinding path of the disc of the abrasion testing machine (see G-2) shall be evenly strewn with 20 g of the abrasive powder. The specimen shall then be fixed in the holding device with the surface to be ground facing the disc, and loaded at the centre with 300 N. The grinding disc shall then be put in motion at a speed of 30 rev/min and the abrasive powder is continuously fed back on to the grinding path so that it remains uniformly distributed in a track corresponding to the width of the test piece. After every 22 revolutions, the disc shall be stopped, the abraded tile powder and the remainder of the abrasive powder shall be removed from the disc, and fresh abrasive powder in quantities of 20 g applied each time. After FIG. 1 ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF every 22 revolution the specimen shall be turned about THICKNESS the vertical axis through an angle of 90° in the 7 IS 13801 : 2013 clockwise direction and it should be repeated 9 times G-1.6 The average wear and the wear on individual thereby giving total number of revolutions of 220. The specimens shall be reported. disc, the abrasive powder and the specimen shall be G-2 ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE kept dry throughout the duration of the test. After the ABRASION TESTING MACHINE abrasion is over, the specimen shall be re-weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. It shall then be placed in the thickness G-2.1 General measuring apparatus once again in an identical manner and the reading taken with the same position and setting The testing apparatus shall be a grinding device of the dial guage as for the measurement before consisting essentially of a horizontally fixed smooth abrasion. grinding disc of about 750 mm diameter rotating about a vertical axis and furnished with a replaceable grinding NOTE — If, after the specimen has been subjected to the path. The essential features are shown in Fig. 3. abrasion test, it is found that the tile has chipped off at any of the points of measurement, that measurement should be G-2.2 Grinding Path discarded in calculating the average. However, a minimum of three residual measurements on a specimen should be G-2.2.1 Cast iron shall be used as the material for ensured. grinding path. Its scaleroscope hardness shall lie G-1.5 Determination of Wear between 30 and 50. This hardness shall be ascertained at least 10 times on the rim and at several points in the The wear shall be determined from the difference in grinding path by means of a Shore’s scaleroscope with readings obtained by the measuring instrument before diamond hammer. and after the abrasion of the specimen. The value shall be checked up with the average loss in thickness of the G-2.2.2 The grinding path shall be a 200 mm wide specimen obtained by the following formula: annular space on the grinding disc between distances of 120 mm and 320 mm from the centre. The grinding t= (W1−W2)V1 path shall be repaired and restored when it has worn W ⋅A out by more than 0.5 mm after use or when the furrows 1 formed in it exceed 0.2 mm in depth. When the grinding where path is restored, its hardness shall be determined afresh. When irreparable, it shall be changed. t = average loss in thickness, in mm; W1 = initial mass of the specimen, in g; G-2.3 Rotation Disc W = final mass of the abraded specimen, in g; 2 The disc shall be driven at 30 rev/min. The speed of rotation V1 = initial volume of the specimen, in mm3; and shall not deviate by more than one revolution per minute. A = surface area of the specimen, in mm2. There shall be automatic mechanisms for counting, indicating the revolutions of the disc and for stopping the All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 3 GENERAL FEATUR ES OF ABRASION TESTING MACHINES 8