W.& OfPARIMMT OF %Owe" labial Techmcal luwuu S-rnce AD-AO16 485 INVESTIGATION OF INERTIAL PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN BODY AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORV I PREPARED FOR NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION MARCH 1975 b.- WKEEP UP TO DATE Between the time you ordered this report- search activities. And you'll get this impor- which is only one of the hundreds of thou- tant information within two weeks of the time sands in the NTIS information collection avail- it's released by originating agencies. able to you-and the time you are reading this message, several new reports relevant to WGA newsemrs are computer produced your interests probably have entered the col- ant; el ctronicaily photocompotiPd to slash lection. the tli,,e gap between the release of a report and its availability. 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This information product distributed by "m U.S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Technical information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 309079 INVESTIGATION OF INERTIAL <C PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN BODY Contract No. DOT-HS-017-2-315-1A March 1975 Final Report PREPARED FOR: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HNHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADflMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20590 PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE tRQ.dsd by Domeent is ailaW to 1he public through NATIONAL TECHNICAL 1 a T In k f , INFORMATION SERVICE f-." mUS os..f of Cm. Spinoftd Vkg&W 22151 Svr;,f-1. VA. 22151 This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange... The United States Govern- ment assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. Ul _3 U P"I"______.".___ I..MR Tochnicel ReOwt Decouues Pop ~~2. he.. Guvummsent Accession N*.. .Raiw C640le" no. DOT (cid:127)R.1 430 !KWES7T!ATION OF INERTIAL PROPERTIES OF March 1975 THE HR7MN BODY ?P.f fi oti..e Cub &.Aw'Rs). F. Chandler, C.E. Clauser, J.T. Perob;"t Or"e"*ets me. McConville, H.M. Reynolds and J.W. Young AMRL-TR-74-137 ~3s 9. HPohmw 4"eOWtp wmsl W*d&U nit Me. (TRAUS) Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Aerospace Medical Divisionr. i. c.C... i m, *e. Air Force Systems Command See block 15 DOT-HS-017-2-315-1A IXW Spr.,iwgihsst -APsajtNteeros omna dAAdF-B- OH 45433 1&A Twpr_ o_f1 972 - Der.c 1 974 ____,w U. S. Departmenti cf Transportation Final Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administratj:n 400 Seventh Street S.W. Washington D.Cp.r otc ives stems.mA P Co d osf th bIody.,(cid:127)o$J"o ints organtzations: r tspen.tg Civol Aeromedical Institute Webb Associates, Inc. FAA Aeromedycal Center P.O. Box 308 P.. ox 25082. Oklahoma Ci:ty..OK 73i25 Yallow SpringsD}-I &R. Knowledge of the anthropometric parameters of the human body is essential for understanding ocf ipan kinetics and particularly for the design and testing of impact protective systems. Consider- able ineormation is available on the size, weight and centeerA of s of the body and its segments. This report supplements existing information with data regarding mass distribution characteristics of the human body as described by the principal moments on inertia and their orientation to body and segment anthropometry. -The weight, center of mass location and principal moments of inertia of six cadavers were measured,. the cadavers were then segmented and the mass, center of mass, moments of inertia and volume were measured on the fourteca(cid:127) segments from each cadaver. Standard and three- dimensronal anthropomehtry of the body and segments was also determined. - . This report describes the mathematical rationale and the techniques of measurement in detail. Results of the investigation are given as individual data values as well as summary statistics. Anthropometry, Biomechanics, Unlimited. Document is available Human body models, Moments of through the National Technical inertia, Human mass distribution. Information Service, Springfield, . Virginia 22161 Unclassified Unclassified - ; PFern DOT F 1703 s -M RP4,l. .0 p., e A- PN3MCSI3JECTTO IANGE * U. S. GOVZR,(cid:127)(cid:127),ZWr (cid:127)tPR OVVE :16n M OO4/J. (cid:127)-- i FOREWORD This study was accomplished as a joint research effort among Engineering * thropology, Crew Station Integration Branch, Human Engineering Diu(cid:127)ision, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (AMRL), U.. S. Air Force; the Protection and Survival Branch, Civil Aerzomedical Institute (CAMI), Federal Aviation Administration; and the Anthropology Research Project, Webb Associates. Financial support was provided under interagency agreement DOT HS-01l2-315IA, by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administratione U. S. Depart- ment of Transportation, with Mr. Arnold K. Johnson acting as Contract Monitor. The efforts and responsibilities of this research were shared among the authors, but the task could not have been accomplished without the cooperation and assistance of many individuals. We make special acknowledgment to Dr. James Woods, Secretary, ;natomical Board of the State of Oklahoma for providing the cadaver specimens; to Mr. Edwin Trout (CAMI) for asoistanc-' in developing experimental procedures and techniques, instrumen- tation and computer programs; to Dr. Earl Folk (CAMI) for the development of a matrix rotation computer program; to Dr. Arnold. Higgins (CAMI) for use of the environmental chamber; and to Dr. Charles Brake (CAMI) for use of X-ray facilities. Mr. Francis Anderson, Mr. Don Rowland and Mr. Bill Reed (CAMI) provided invaluable assistance in the design and fabrication of the many items of special test equipment and, were often called upon for Preceding page blank (cid:127) iii CI" assistance in laboratory procedures. Mr. Frank Henry, University of Dayton Research instituce (UDRI) served as a research assistant in the developmnent of experimental proceduras and tech- niques and Ms. Charlene Reed (UDPI) as a research assistant during the data collection and preliminary c3:ta analysis phases. Mr. Bill Nixon (CAMI) vas of major assistance in the development of the photographic instrumentation technique and provided photo- graphic support throughout the course of the research. Mr, Waldo Adsum (CAMI) was of invaluable assistance during the procedural development aad data collection phases of the research. We are indebted to Dr. Horst E. Krause, MLrs. Kathryn J. Dillhoff, and Mrs. Susan M. Evans (UDRI) for the preparation of a number of computer programs and for supervising much of the data analysis. Ms. LaNelle Murcko (CAMI) edited the draft manuscript and Ms. Jane Reese (Webb Associates' typed and assembled the various drafts and final manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the skill and labor devoted to this effort by our many colleagues and co-workers. Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio has catalogued this report as AMRL 1 mR-74-137. iv nnInl un unu•nmmu wnnlnnnl / n(cid:127) (cid:127) m ~~ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Section 1. Introduction and Phys±cal Basis for Measurement of Inertial Properties .............. ..... . 1 II. Historical Resume: Measurement of Inertial Properties of Man.. 21 111. Methods and Techniques ......... 31 IV. Data Summary ................... 61 V. Conclusions ........ 0. .... ... 0 97 Appendix A. Comparison of Theoretical and Empirical Moments .............. 101 B. Landmark Descriptions ......... 107 C. Descriptions of Anthropometric Dimensions ......... ............ 113 D. Conventional Anthropometry ..... 121 Z. Segmental liree-Dimensional Anthropometry ................... 123 F. Whole-Body Three-Dimensional Anthropometry .................. 155 References........... ............... ....... 157 v LIST OF TABLES Paae£ 1. Summary of Inertial Investigations ....... 25 2. Deviation of the Measured Moments from the Theoretical Values ........... 0....... 57 3. Head Data ................................ 68 4. Torso Data .............................. 70 5. Upper Arm (Right) Data ................... 72 6. Upper Arm (Left) Data. .................... 74 7. Forearm (Right) Data ..................... 76 8, Forearm ýLeft) rata ....................... 78 9. Hand (Right) Data .......... . ......... 80 10. Hand (Left) Data ......................... 82 11. Thigh (Right.) Data ....................... 84 12. Thigh (Left) Data ....................... 86 13. Calf (Right) Data ...................... ° 88 14. Calf (Left) Data......................... 90 15. Foot (Right) Data ................ ..... 92 16. Foot (Left) Data .......................... 94 17. Whole-Body Data .................... 96 18. Comparison of Moments of Inertia ......... 98 19. Comparison of Measured with Predicted Segment Weight and Moments of Inertia .... 103 20. Comparison of the Original Model and the Modified Mathematical Models ............. 106 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Rigid Body with Motion in the Plane of the Page. After Ham and Crane (1948) .... 3 2. Early Computer Model of the Human Body in a Crash Environment. After McHenry and Naab (1966). ..... ................. 7 3. Mass Particle in Three-Dimensional Space. After Synge and Griffith (1942) .......... 9 4. Axis System for Parallel Axis Transfor- Imiation .......;...... .... .. . ..... .... . 14 LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd.) 5. Pendulum System for Determinatiun of Moments of Inertia. After Winstandley t a l . (1 S9 ~6 ~8e ) . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 6. C-o-mpsite Pendulum Consisting of Specimen and Specimen Holder ......... ........ .. ... 18 7. Determination of Product of Inertia by Mceisurement of Moment of Inertia About Three Coplanar Axes. ............ ........ 20 8. Segmented Man and Model .... o.............. 28 9. Composite Tracing from Roentgenograms of the Shoulder Planes of Segmentation ...... 41 10. Composite Tracing from Roentgenograms of the Wrist 21anes of Segmentation,........., 41 11. Composite Tracing from Roentgenograms of the Ankle P3anes of Segmentation.......... 42 12. Composite Tracing from Roentgenograms of the Elbow Plarves of Segmentation (a) the Specimen S[:anoing with Elbow Extended, and ,'b) the Seated Specimen with Elbow Flexed. 42 13. Composite Tracing from Poentgenograms of the Hip Planes of Segmentation of (a) the Standing Specimen, and (b) th, Seated Specimen ............... 43 14. Composite Tracing from Roentgenograms of the Knee Planes of Segmentation of (a) the Stunding Specimen, and (b) the Seated Specimen... 43 15. Composite racng the Neck Planes of Segmentation........... 44 16. Standing (a) and Seated (b) Specimen Positioning Board with Specimen in Place.. 45 17. Whole-Body 3-D Anthropometer.......*....... 47 18. Specimen Holder with Mounted Specimen..... 50 19. Specimen Holder and Measurement-Axis System. The Six Swing Axes are Indicated with a Two-Letter Designation ............. 51 20. Stand fro,-. Which Specimen Holders were Swung.. 53 21. Specimen Holder in Place for Moment of Inertia Measurement (YZ Axes) ......... o... 54 22. Segment 3-D Anthropometer................. 58 23. Schematic of Under Alcohol Weighing vii