Council on Social Work Education Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards by Chapter The Council on Social Work Education’s Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards requires all social work students to develop nine competencies and recommends teaching and assessing 31 related component behaviors, listed as Educational Policy (EP) Competencies 1–9 below. The multicolor icons (see figure at right) and end of chapter “Competency Notes” connect these important standards to class work in the chapters identified below with bold blue type. The 9 Competencies and 31 Component Behaviors Chapter(s) Where (EPAS, 2015) Referenced Competency 1—Demonstrate Ethical and Professional Behavior: 3 a. Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of the NASW Code of Ethics, 3 relevant laws and regulations, models for ethical decision-making, ethical conduct of research, and additional codes of ethics as appropriate to context b. Use reflection and self-regulation to manage personal values and maintain 3 professionalism in practice situations c. Demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior; appearance; and oral, written, and 3 electronic communication d. Use technology ethically and appropriately to facilitate practice outcomes 3 e. Use supervision and consultation to guide professional judgment and behavior 3 Competency 2—Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice: 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 a. Apply and communicate understanding of the importance of diversity and difference 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 in shaping life experiences in practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels b. Present themselves as learners and engage clients and constituencies as experts of 3 their own experiences c. Apply self-awareness and self-regulation to manage the influence of personal biases 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 and values in working with diverse clients and constituencies Competency 3—Advance Human Rights and Social, Economic, and Environmental 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 Justice: a. Apply their understanding of social, economic, and environmental justice to 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 advocate for human rights at the individual and system levels b. Engage in practices that advance social, economic, and environmental justice 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 Competency 4—Engage in Practice-informed Research and Research-informed 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 Practice: a. Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry and research 3 b. Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 methods and research findings c. Use and translate research evidence to inform and improve practice, policy, and 3, 7 service delivery Competency 5—Engage in Policy Practice: 1, 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 a. Identify social policy at the local, state, and federal level that impacts well-being, 1, 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 service delivery, and access to social services b. Assess how social welfare and economic policies impact the delivery of and access to 3 social services c. Apply critical thinking to analyze, formulate, and advocate for policies that advance 3, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16 human rights and social, economic, and environmental justice Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. The 9 Competencies and 31 Component Behaviors Chapter(s) Where (EPAS, 2015) Referenced Competency 6—Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and Communities: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 a. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in- 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, with clients and constituencies 17 b. Use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to effectively engage diverse clients 3 and constituencies Competency 7—Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, 3 and Communities: a. Collect and organize data, and apply critical thinking to interpret information from 3 clients and constituencies b. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in- 3 environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the analysis of assessment data from clients and constituencies c. Develop mutually agreed-on intervention goals and objectives based on the critical 3 assessment of strengths, needs, and challenges within clients and constituencies d. Select appropriate intervention strategies based on the assessment, research 3 knowledge, and values and preferences of clients and constituencies Competency 8—Intervene with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13 and Communities: a. Critically choose and implement interventions to achieve practice goals and enhance 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13 capacities of clients and constituencies b. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in- 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13 environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in interventions with clients and constituencies c. Use inter-professional collaboration as appropriate to achieve beneficial practice 3 outcomes d. Negotiate, mediate, and advocate with and on behalf of diverse clients and 3 constituencies e. Facilitate effective transitions and endings that advance mutually agreed-on goals 3 Competency 9—Evaluate Practice with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, 3 and Communities: a. Select and use appropriate methods for evaluation of outcomes 3 b. Apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in- 3 environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks in the evaluation of outcomes c. Critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate intervention and program processes 3 and outcomes d. Apply evaluation findings to improve practice effectiveness at the micro, mezzo, and 3 macro levels Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. TWELFTH EDITION Introduction to SOCIAL WORK and SOCIAL WELFARE Empowering People CHARLES ZASTROW George Williams College of Aurora University Australia(cid:129)Brazil(cid:129)Mexico(cid:129)Singapore(cid:129)UnitedKingdom(cid:129)UnitedStates Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. 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IntroductiontoSocialWorkandSocial ©2017,2014CengageLearning Welfare:EmpoweringPeople,Twelfth Edition WCN:02-200-203 CharlesZastrow ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyright hereinmaybereproduced,transmitted,stored,orusedinanyformor ProductManager:JulieA.Martinez byanymeansgraphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingbutnot ContentDeveloper:RitaJaramillo limitedtophotocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing,taping,Web ProductAssistant:StephenA.Lagos distribution,informationnetworks,orinformationstorageandretrieval systems,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976 MarketingManager:MargauxCameron UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionof ArtandCoverDirection,Production thepublisher. Management,andComposition: MPSLimited Forproductinformationandtechnologyassistance,contactusat ManufacturingPlanner:JudyInouye CengageLearningCustomer&SalesSupport,1-800-354-9706. PhotoResearcher:LuminaDatamaticsLtd Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct, submitallrequestsonlineatwww.cengage.com/permissions. TextResearcher:LuminaDatamaticsLtd Furtherpermissionsquestionscanbeemailedto CoverImage:©CREATISTA/Shutterstock. [email protected]. com;©KarlaCaspari/Shutterstock.com; ©Belushi/Shutterstock.com; Unlessotherwisenotedallitems©CengageLearning® ©wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com; ©DeVisu/Shutterstock.com; LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015950166 ©Goodluz/Shutterstock.com; ©CREATISTA/Shutterstock.com; StudentEdition: ©AmmitJack/Shutterstock.com ISBN:978-1-305-38833-8 Loose-leafEdition: ISBN:978-1-305-65834-9 CengageLearning 20ChannelCenterStreet Boston,MA02210 USA CengageLearningisaleadingproviderofcustomizedlearning solutionswithemployeesresidinginnearly40differentcountriesand salesinmorethan125countriesaroundtheworld.Findyourlocal representativeatwww.cengage.com. CengageLearningproductsarerepresentedinCanadaby NelsonEducation,Ltd. TolearnmoreaboutCengageLearningSolutions,visit www.cengage.com. Purchaseanyofourproductsatyourlocalcollegestoreoratour preferredonlinestorewww.cengagebrain.com. Printed in Canada Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2015 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. About the Author Charles Zastrow, MSW and PhD is Assistant Director and Professor in the Social Work Program at George Williams College of Aurora University at Williams Bay, Wisconsin. He has worked as a practitioner in a variety of public and private social welfare agencies and has chaired 23 social work accreditation site visit teams for the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). He has served two terms asa Commissioner on the Commission on Accreditation of CSWE. He has been a Board Member of the Association of Baccalaureate Social Work Pro- gramDirectors,Inc.(BPD).Dr.ZastrowisalicensedClinical Social WorkerintheStateofWisconsin.Inaddition to Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare, Dr. Zastrow has written three other social work textbooks: The Practice of Social Work (10th ed.), Social Work with Groups (8th ed.), Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment (9th ed.) (with Dr. Karen Kirst-Ashman). Contributing Authors DEBRA BORQUIST-CONLON, MSSW, APSW Child Protection Team Social Worker University of Wisconsin Health/American Family Children’s Hospital KATHERINE DRECHSLER, MSW Adjunct Faculty Member University of Wisconsin–Whitewater Doctoral Student in Social Work Aurora University RACHEL DUNN, MSW, CAPSW Field Coordinator George Williams College of Aurora University DON NOLAN, MSSW, BCD Social Worker Jefferson County Public School System, Wisconsin MICHAEL WALLACE, MSSW, LCSW Clinical Social Worker and Lecturer Social Work Department University of Wisconsin–Whitewater MARY R. WEEDEN, MSW, LCSW Doctoral Candidate, Loyola University Clinical Therapist for Eating Disorders Assistant Professor, Concordia University, Wisconsin iii Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. ToKathy, mywife, whohasinvigoratedmylife! Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Brief Contents PART I Introduction: Social Welfare and Social Work 1 Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future 1 2 Social Work as a Profession and a Career 37 3 Generalist Social Work Practice 65 PART II Social Problems and Social Services 4 Poverty and Public Welfare 107 5 Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling 130 6 Family Problems and Services to Families 168 7 Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Services to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (LGBTQ) Individuals 215 8 Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs 250 9 Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services 289 10 Problems in Education and School Social Work 330 11 Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace 362 12 Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice 385 13 Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality 422 14 Aging and Gerontological Services 451 15 Health Problems and Medical Social Services 482 16 Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation 512 17 Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning 534 v Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.