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C++ Quick Reference if Statements switch Statements Array/Initializer if (condition) switch (intExpression) int list[10]; { { int list[] = {1, 2, 3, 4}; statements; case value1: } statements; Multidimensional Array/Initializer break; ... int list[10][15]; if (condition) case valuen: int list[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}; { statements; statements; break; } default: Dynamic Memory Creation/Deletion else statements; { } int* p1 = new int; statements; int* p2 = new int[10]; } delete p1; delete [] p2; if (condition1) { statements; Frequently Used functions } else if (condition2) time(0) returns current time { srand(seed) sets a new seed for generating random numbers statements; rand() returns a random integer } pow(a, b) returns ab else Character Functions { statements; isdigit(c) returns true if c is a digit. } isalpha(c) returns true if c is a letter. isalnum(c) returns true if c is a letter or a digit. islower(c) returns true if c is a lowercase letter. isupper(c) returns true if c is an uppercase letter. tolower(c) returns a lowercase for c. toupper(c) returns an uppercase for c. Loop Statements C-String Functions while (condition) strlen returns string length { strcpy copies a string statements; strcat concatenate two strings } strcmp compares two strings atol converts a string to a long value do itoa converts a an integer a string { statements; The string Class Member Functions } while (condition); append appends new contents to the string for (init; condition; insert inserts new contents to the string adjustment) at retrieves character from the string { [] string subscript operator statements; length returns the length of the string. } substr returns a substring from the string Companion Website: www.cs.armstrong.edu/liang/cpp3e ONLINE ACCESS Thank you for purchasing a new copy of Introduction to Programming with C++, Third Edition. Your textbook includes six months of prepaid access to the book’s Companion Website. 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C++ Quick Reference if Statements switch Statements Array/Initializer if (condition) switch (intExpression) int list[10]; { { int list[] = {1, 2, 3, 4}; statements; case value1: } statements; Multidimensional Array/Initializer break; ... int list[10][15]; if (condition) case valuen: int list[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}; { statements; statements; break; } default: Dynamic Memory Creation/Deletion else statements; { } int* p1 = new int; statements; int* p2 = new int[10]; } delete p1; delete [] p2; if (condition1) { statements; Frequently Used functions } else if (condition2) time(0) returns current time { srand(seed) sets a new seed for generating random numbers statements; rand() returns a random integer } pow(a, b) returns ab else Character Functions { statements; isdigit(c) returns true if c is a digit. } isalpha(c) returns true if c is a letter. isalnum(c) returns true if c is a letter or a digit. islower(c) returns true if c is a lowercase letter. isupper(c) returns true if c is an uppercase letter. tolower(c) returns a lowercase for c. toupper(c) returns an uppercase for c. Loop Statements C-String Functions while (condition) strlen returns string length { strcpy copies a string statements; strcat concatenate two strings } strcmp compares two strings atol converts a string to a long value do itoa converts a an integer a string { statements; The string Class Member Functions } while (condition); append appends new contents to the string for (init; condition; insert inserts new contents to the string adjustment) at retrieves character from the string { [] string subscript operator statements; length returns the length of the string. } substr returns a substring from the string Companion Website: www.cs.armstrong.edu/liang/cpp3e get with the programming Through the power of practice and immediate personalized feedback, MyProgrammingLab improves your performance. 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Daniel Liang to be identified as author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Introduction to Programming With C++, Third Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-325281-1, by Y. Daniel Liang, published by Pearson Education © 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. 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ISBN 10: 0-273-79324-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-273-79324-3 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 Typeset in Times by Laserwords Printed and bound by Courier Kendalville in The United States of America The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. This book is dedicated to my current and former C++ students. You have inspired and helped me to continue to improve this book. To Samantha, Michael, and Michelle