I N T INTRODUCTION TO R O D U C FORENSIC AND CRIMINAL T I O N T PSYCHOLOGY O F O R E SIXTH EDITION N S I C A N D C R I M I N A L P S Y C H O L O G Y SIXTH H O W I T T DENNIS HOWITT Enhanced eBooks Simple to use • Interactive • Easy to access Did you know? This textbook is also available as an enhanced eBook which blends trusted textbook content from leading authors with a range of interactive features to support understanding and engagement, including: (cid:127) Multiple choice questions with dedicated and immediate feedback at the end of key sections so you can check your understanding as you progress. (cid:127) Annotated live links to useful sources of further interest so you can consolidate your understanding or explore a topic in further depth. (cid:127) End of chapter quiz with dedicated feedback allows you to check your knowledge of key topics and concepts and help you prepare for exams. To fi nd out more about Pearson’s enhanced eBooks for psychology visit: www.pearson.com/enhanced-ebooks This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology At Pearson, we have a simple mission: to help people make more of their lives through learning. We combine innovative learning technology with trusted content and educational expertise to provide engaging and effective learning experiences that serve people wherever and whenever they are learning. From classroom to boardroom, our curriculum materials, digital learning tools and testing programmes help to educate millions of people worldwide – more than any other private enterprise. Every day our work helps learning flourish, and wherever learning flourishes, so do people. To learn more, please visit us at www.pearson.com/uk Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology 6th Edition Dennis Howitt Loughborough University Harlow, England • London • New York • Boston • San Francisco • Toronto • Sydney • Dubai • Singapore • Hong Kong Tokyo • Seoul • Taipei • New Delhi • Cape Town • São Paulo • Mexico City • Madrid • Amsterdam • Munich • Paris • Milan Pearson Education Limited KAO Two KAO Park Harlow CM17 9NA United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1279 623623 Web: www.pearson.com/uk First published 2002 (print) Second edition published 2006 (print) Third edition published 2009 (print) Fourth edition published 2011 (print) Fifth edition published 2015 (print and electronic) Sixth edition published 2018 (print and electronic) © Pearson Education Limited 2002, 2006, 2009, 2011 (print) © Pearson Education Limited 2015, 2018 (print and electronic) The right of Dennis Howitt to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The print publication is protected by copyright. Prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, distribution or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, permission should be obtained from the publisher or, where applicable, a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom should be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Barnard’s Inn, 86 Fetter Lane, London EC4A 1EN. The ePublication is protected by copyright and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased, or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and the publisher’s rights and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third-party internet sites. ISBN: 978-1-292-18716-7 (print) 978-1-292-18719-8 (PDF) 978-1-292-18720-4 (ePub) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for the print edition is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Howitt, Dennis, author. Title: Introduction to forensic and criminal psychology / Dennis Howitt, Loughborough University. Description: 6th Edition. | New York : Pearson, [2018] | Revised edition of the author’s Introduction to forensic and criminal psychology, 2015. Identifiers: LCCN 2017047126| ISBN 9781292187167 (print) | ISBN 9781292187198 (PDF) | ISBN 9781292187204 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Criminal psychology. | Forensic psychology. Classification: LCC HV6080 .H69 2018 | DDC 364.3--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017047126 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 Image on cover and chapter titles © DigitalVision Vectors/korhankaracan/Getty Images Print edition typeset in 9.5/12 pt Times LT Pro by iEnergizer Aptara®, Ltd. Printed in Slovakia by Neografia NOTE THAT ANY PAGE CROSS REFERENCES REFER TO THE PRINT EDITION To the continued memory of Professor Marie Jahoda who died in 2001. I have a big personal debt. Not only did she let me study on the psychology degree course she had set up at Brunel University, but also she showed me that some things in life are worth getting angry about. This page intentionally left blank Brief contents List of figures, tables and boxes xix Preface xxv Author’s acknowledgements xxvii Publisher’s acknowledgements xxviii 1 What is forensic and criminal psychology? 1 2 The social context of crime 16 3 Crime and the public 28 4 Victims of crime 41 5 Theories of crime 64 6 Juvenile offenders and beyond 83 7 Theft and other crimes against property 110 8 Violent offenders 132 9 Sexual offenders 1: rapists 159 10 Sexual offenders 2: paedophiles and child molestation 186 11 Police psychology 214 12 Terrorism and hostage-taking incidents 245 13 Eyewitness testimony 267 14 Profile analysis 1: FBI-style offender profiling 293 15 Profile analysis 2: investigative psychology, statistical and geographical profiling 310 16 False allegations 330 17 False and true confessions 350 18 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 1: the psychology of deception 369 19 Lies, lie detecting and credibility 2: the polygraph test and statement validity analysis 387 vii