Alexander S. Yevzlin Arif Asif Loay Salman Editors Interventional Nephrology Principles and Practice 123 Interventional Nephrology Alexander S. Yevzlin (cid:129) Arif Asif (cid:129) Loay Salman Editors Interventional Nephrology Principles and Practice Editors Alexander S. Yevzlin, MD Loay Salman, MD Division of Nephrology Interventional Nephrology Department of Medicine (CHS) University of Miami Miller School of Medicine University of Wisconsin Miami , FL Madison, WI USA USA Arif Asif, MD, FASN, FNKF Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Albany Medical College Albany , NY USA ISBN 978-1-4614-8802-6 ISBN 978-1-4614-8803-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8803-3 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013956233 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. 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Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) This textbook is dedicated to my children, Alana, Margarita, and Shayna, whose light shines even on these pages. – Alexander S. Yevzlin Dedicated to my sister, Azra Asif, for her love, kindness, devotion and endless support. – Arif Asif “To my dear parents, my wonderful wife Rama, and my beautiful children, Zane and Jude, for their endless inspiration.” – Loay Salman Contents 1 Preoperative Evaluation: History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Marius C. Florescu and Troy J. Plumb 2 Preoperative Evaluation: Physical Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Vandana Dua Niyyar 3 Admission After Intervention: When and Why . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Bharat Sachdeva 4 Communicating Effectively for Interventional Nephrologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Jamie Ross and Talia Eisen 5 Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 K.M.L.S.T. Moorthi 6 Noninvasive Screening and Testing for PAD in CKD Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Alexander S. Yevzlin and Peter J. Mason 7 Overview of PAD Treatment in the CKD Population: Indications, Medical Strategies, and Endovascular Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Alexander S. Yevzlin and Micah R. Chan 8 Unconventional Venous Access: Percutaneous Translumbar and Transhepatic Venous Access for Hemodialysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Jason W. Pinchot 9 Approach to a Nonfunctioning Catheter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Roman Shingarev and Alexander S. Yevzlin 10 Approach to the Infected Catheter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Laura Maursetter 11 Approach to Patient Referred for Vascular Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Vandana Dua Niyyar 12 Approach to Arteriovenous Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Ravish Shah and Anil K. Agarwal 13 Approach to a Patient with Non-m aturing AV Fistula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Ravish Shah and Anil K. Agarwal 14 Approach to an Arteriovenous Access with Hyperpulsatile Pulse . . . . . . . . . . 101 Tushar J. Vachharajani 15 Approach to an Arteriovenous Access with a Faint Thrill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Tushar J. Vachharajani vii viii Contents 16 Approach to an Arteriovenous Access with No Thrill, Bruit, or Pulse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Aris Q. Urbanes 17 Approach to Patient with Arteriovenous Access Presenting with Hand Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Chieh Suai Tan, Diego A. Covarrubias, and Steven Wu 18 Central Vein Stenosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Davinder Wadehra 19 Approach to a Patient with Pseudoaneurysm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Marius C. Florescu and Troy J. Plumb 20 Approach to Chest Pain During Dialysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Chieh Suai Tan, Diego A. Covarrubias, and Steven Wu 21 Approach to Cyanotic Digits and Hand Paresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Arif Asif 22 Approach to an Abnormal Surveillance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Loay Salman 23 Arterial Stenosis Affecting Arteriovenous Fistulae and Grafts in Hemodialysis Patients: Approach to Diagnosis and Management . . . . . . . . 169 Diego A. Covarrubias, Chieh Suai Tan, and Steven Wu 24 Approach to the Patient with Suspected Renal Artery Stenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Alexander S. Yevzlin and Micah R. Chan 25 Vascular Injury During Interventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Rajiv Dhamija 26 Pulmonary Embolism Associated with Dialysis Access Procedure. . . . . . . . . . 195 Gerald A. Beathard 27 Stent Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Ramanath Dukkipati 28 Foreign Body Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Karthik Ramani and Davinder Wadehra 29 Contrast and Medication Allergic Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Adrian Sequeira, Zulqarnain Abro, and Kenneth Abreo 30 The Management of Serious Adverse Events Associated with Interventional Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Gerald A. Beathard 31 Preoperative Evaluation of a Patient for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter. . . . . . . 281 Mary Buffi ngton and Kenneth Abreo 32 Operative Considerations for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Stephen R. Ash, Rajeev Narayan, Anil K. Agarwal, and John H. Crabtree 33 Approach to a Patient with Visceral Perforation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Arif Asif Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Contributors Kenneth Abreo , MD Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA Zulqarnain Abro Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA Anil K. Agarwal , MD, FACP, FASN, FNKF Division of Nephrology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA Stephen R. Ash , MD, FACP Indiana University Health Arnett, Lafayette, Indiana , USA HemoCleanse, Inc. and Ash Access Technology, Inc., Lafayette, Indiana , USA Arif Asif , MD, FASN, FNKF Division of Nephrology and Hypertension , Albany Medical College , Albany , NY , USA Gerald A. Beathard , MD, PhD, FASN Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA Mary Buffi ngton , MD, JD Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , Shreveport , LA , USA Micah R. Chan Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine , University of Wisconsin College of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA Diego A. Covarrubias , MD Vascular Interventional Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA John H. Crabtree Department of Surgery , Kaiser Permanente , Bellfl ower , CA , USA Rajiv Dhamija , MD Division of Nephrology , Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center , Downey , CA , USA Internal Medicine , Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona , CA , USA Ramanath Dukkipati , MD Division of Nephrology, University of California , Torrance, Los Angeles , CA , USA Talia Eisen , MD Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento , CA , USA Marius C. Florescu , MD Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA Peter J. Mason Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Wisconsin College of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA ix