Message from Global Leaders Abhik Chaudhuri’s book reveals the enormous new power of connecting mil- lions of people, sensors and intelligent machines into what my colleague Thomas Malone calls “Superminds.” This is the age of the IoT. Abhik Chaurdhuri explains how these new IoT-enabled minds are transforming our homes, cities and society faster than most of us realize. The book accomplishes the near-impossible, offering a helicopter’s view of the new landscape: It provides rich ground-level descriptions of key IoT technologies and systems. We grasp that these new enablers are real, cheap and plentiful. The book interweaves description with systematic overviews, offering wise counsel on how this profusion can be brought together to solve our most critical problems. A smart business executive or policy maker will benefit immensely from reading this book. Opportunities abound, and Chaudhuri enables us to consider them well. James F. Moore Strategist Collective Intelligence Design Lab Center for Collective Intelligence, MIT Inventor of the business ecosystems approach to strategy-making The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important and complex technolo- gies of our 21st-century digital economy, which promises to make our homes, cit- ies, factories, vehicles, health systems and the world around us smarter and more responsive. The IoT is not an individual technology, but rather an ecosystem of products, services and private and public sector institutions, all of which must work well together to achieve its potential. But, like any advanced technology, the IoT must be properly managed to realize this potential while ameliorating its accompa- nying security and privacy risks as well as serious unintended consequences. Abhik Chaudhari’s Internet of Things, for Things and by Things is a timely contribution to help achieve the promise of the IoT. His comprehensive book explains the fundamentals of the IoT, its potential applications, inherent risks and governance requirements to anyone interested in better understanding the IoT and its implications for economies and societies. Irving Wladawsky-Berger Emeritus, IBM; Visiting Faculty, MIT Abhik Chaudhuri has researched and penned the most comprehensive compen- dium of information and insight on the IoT that I am aware of. He leaves no stone unturned—from theory and philosophy of information in the context of the IoT, to its ever-present security and privacy concerns and dozens of practical use-cases and real-world examples. Anyone looking to learn almost all there is to learn about the IoT, or about specific aspects of the IoT, should strongly consider this book. Douglas Laney VP and Distinguished Analyst, Gartner, and author of the book Infonomics: How to Monetize, Manage, and Measure Information for Competitive Advantage Few thought leaders have Abhik Chaudhuri’s spectacular analytical ability to convert the complexity of the Internet of Things into an easy-to-comprehend book that expands and more deeply explains the original concept behind the IoT, which I devised in 1985. As this technology exponentially grows, it is important that pub- lications of this nature are widely distributed so that other forward thinkers, like Abhik, can contribute to the more advanced integration of IoT technology with the decentralized features of blockchain, device data transportation improvements via 5G wireless and the emergence of complex systems, like unmanned aircraft systems traffic management, which will have a profound impact on the conduct of more efficient operations in our lives. Peter T. Lewis President, NetMoby, Washington DC Inventor of the term ‘Internet of Things’ and the concept behind it Privacy by Design (PbD) is a framework I created in the late 1990s for preventing privacy harms by proactively embedding the necessary privacy-protective mea- sures into the design of information technology, networked infrastructure and business practices. PbD is a model of prevention—prevent the privacy harms from arising. The Internet of Things, or perhaps more aptly, the Internet of Everything truly concerns me because the interconnected nature of virtually all that we do may lead us down a path of surveillance that will be too great to conquer after the fact. Surveillance is the antithesis of privacy, and accordingly, the antithesis of freedom. I strongly believe that neither privacy nor the benefits inherent in the emerging IoT need to be sacrificed. If we are to preserve any semblance of privacy in such an emerging world, we must ensure that privacy is built into the very systems being developed. This will require innovation and ingenuity, as well as foresight and leadership, in an effort to reject unnecessary trade-offs and the false dichotomies that jeopardize privacy in favor of other laudable objectives. We can have privacy AND the Internet of Things—but only if we act now and proactively embed Privacy, by Design! Ann Cavoukian, Ph.D., M.S.M. Distinguished Expert-in-Residence Privacy by Design Centre of Excellence Ryerson University This comprehensive book that Abhik Chaudhuri has authored will be an impor- tant contribution to many parties. He covers perspectives from the technical to the socio-technical and to important areas such as smart cities, governance and stan- dardization. The book provides a synthesis from many sources including Abhik’s own creative contributions. Given the complexity of the multitude of technical and non-technical issues involved, this book should be a starting point for those who seek to work towards understanding and addressing the complexities and thus seeking solutions to the many opportunities and risks involved in the new world environment created via the Internet of Things. Certainly deploying a systems perspective in considering the many interacting elements of the system of systems involved will be vital. Harold “Bud” Lawson, Professor Emeritus Coordinating Editor of the College Publications Systems Series ACM, IEEE and INCOSE Fellow IEEE Charles Babbage Computer Pioneer INCOSE Systems Engineering Pioneer The Internet of Things, for Things and by Things by Abhik Chaudhuri successfully illustrates all the different aspects related to the IoT, such as technology, people, philosophy and regulations. The book captures everything related to the IoT, from architecture, the philosophy of information, ethics in the IoT and privacy issues. Moreover, the book touches the aspects of threat mitigation and risk management of interdepended systems of smart cities, smart city governance and regulations. This book manages not only to provide theoretical information about the IoT but also provides examples of IoT technology and potential benefits to society in various domains. The reader can sufficiently understand the complexities of the IoT ecosys- tem. I recommend this book as a valuable addition in the field of the IoT not only for experts but also for everyone who will be using IoT technology in the future. Dr. Maria Bada Senior Researcher at Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre University of Oxford Abhik Chaudhuri has assimilated and asserted the triple-foundations of the IoT. It is like reaching the foundations of the very democracy of information building, which is OF the architecture and the embedded philosophy, then FOR the array of designs that makes our built environment livable and inclusive! And finally, BY the players and stakeholders of all classes and categories that configure our humankind and that make any application complete. The new and deep course of the informa- tion building of our future, which is the IoT, is very well researched by Chaudhuri and it has been done in a unique way, never before and never attempted in the way that one may find while paging through the book. The book will go a long way and find a place on many shelves and in many minds of our better tomorrow. Dr. Joy Sen Professor and Head, Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and author of the book ‘Sustainable Urban Planning’ (The Energy Research institute) I see the Internet of Things (IoT) being vitally important for three reasons: ◾ Firstly the number of devices means that the scale of the IoT will be more pervasive than the ‘Internet of People’ revolution we have seen to date. ◾ Secondly, the IoT has many things in common with the way we manage our money digitally. It comes with similar risks and needs good policy and governance to work at all. This means we need to apply a lot of wisdom and integrity in our use of the IoT. There is a lot of opportunity for failure, and success will involve working with care in a complex, rapidly emerging tech- nical environment. ◾ Thirdly, the data that is produced by the IoT is proving to be a new natural resource on the planet. It gives us the ability to understand the way the world works in finer detail, at a bigger scale and in a more timely manner, thereby increasing our chances of success and avoiding dumb decisions. If handled well, the IoT will give us the understanding and the foresight to make the world a better place economically, socially and environmentally. Along with the growth in traditional computing power and emerging cogni- tive computing, the application of the IoT gives mankind the tools to seriously make progress on our Millennium development goals. Ian Abbott-Donnelly Associate: Cambridge University Centre for Science & Policy Emeritus member: IBM Academy of Technology The Internet of Things, for Things and by Things provides a comprehensive view of the many opportunities for new value in our hyper-connected communities, from smarter healthcare to connected vehicles. Abhik Chaudhuri wisely includes consideration regarding how to ensure trust, identity, privacy, protection, safety and security in all these systems, from the sensor to the cloud and everywhere in between, to ensure safe and responsible implementation of these new connected systems of systems in our world. Florence Hudson “Blockchain in Healthcare Today” Editorial Board, Former IBM Vice President, Former Internet2 Senior Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer The world of automotive transport is governed by diverse laws, regulations and standards, and we have no difficulty understanding the purpose and nature of these controls, regardless of how much we like them. Broadly described, the con- trols apply to the design and manufacture of vehicles across numerous classes, to the design and construction of roads on which vehicles operate and to the use and operation of vehicles by individuals and organizations. In 2003, we realized that the world of information technology needed to be governed by more than the technical standards for computer software, hardware, stored and transmitted data and operational management. From this realization was born ISO 38500, the standard for governance of (the use of) information technology. While stated with excessive subtlety, ISO 38500 positions business leadership and ownership of the use of information technology as a critical element in extracting true value from the investment. The challenge has been for business leaders to understand the role they play in defining the use of information technology and in enabling it to fulfil its promise. Yet these elements are comprehensively captured in the six principles of ISO 38500: responsibility, strategy, acquisition, performance, conformance and human behavior. These principles apply in all cases where information technology is deployed. The Internet of Things is, at its most primitive definition, an organized, large scale deployment of information technology. Despite extensive current deploy- ments, the IoT remains in its early infancy. As scale and technology evolution make devices and communications inexorably cheaper, the potential extent to which humanity might deploy future Internet of Things structures becomes vir- tually boundless. Those who conceive and implement such networks will benefit from comprehensive guidance on both the capabilities and the controls that inter- work to make an IoT solution both effective and safe. In this expansive work, Abhik Chaudhuri lays out for all to understand the nature of the Internet of Things, enabling business leaders and technologists alike to explore possibilities, to plan previously inconceivable possibilities and to real- ize extraordinary value from the opportunity to capture data and exert control in ways far beyond the naked capability of human beings. Before you take another step into your (organization’s) plans for the IoT, and even if you think the IoT is not relevant to you, read this book! Mark J Toomey Executive Chair, Digital Leadership Institute Limited ISO Project Editor: ISO/IEC 38500:2008 Author: Waltzing with the Elephant As a former CIA officer who used to focus on terrorists and now applies those les- sons to technology, I’m not a big fan of letting the world into your homes. This is what the IoT does. But, do I have smart bulbs that automatically turn on when I get home? How could I not? Does Alexa play my favorite songs whenever I ask? Of course. IoT devices inevitably will be hacked, and eventually on a large scale that will get to you and me. No, your smart coffee maker can’t be hijacked to shoot scalding coffee on you . . . yet! But it certainly might listen to your conversations. Or your smart lights might be overheated to explode and shoot glass at you. Your smart coffee pot isn’t going to have antivirus software. Nor will two- factor authentication make sense. Could you imagine having to get a text message and punching in a verification code for your coffee maker? And then for your Alexa? And then for your smart lightbulbs? It’s not feasible. The IoT is going to require new cybersecurity controls customized for its unique nature. I am a big proponent of the IoT. The benefits are enormous. But I urge every- one to keep security in mind. The IoT is like letting the terrorists into your back- yard. You don’t have to spend time at the CIA to know how that will play out. Remind IoT manufacturers that cybersecurity is important to you. Push them to be transparent about their cybersecurity practices, and to communicate the level of their cyber strength. And when deciding who to buy from, consider security along with things like features and price. Scott M. Schlimmer, CISSP Co-Founder & CIO CyberSaint Security Internet of Things, for Things, and by Things http://taylorandfrancis.com Internet of Things, for Things, and by Things Abhik Chaudhuri