International Organizations in Global Environmental Governance This book provides a comparative study of the role of international organiza- tions in environmental governance. Whilst a growing body of literature considers global governance in a number of policy areas, this volume delivers one of the first comprehensive accounts of international organizations in relation to environmental policy. Providing the reader with key insights within this area of global governance, the book focuses on policies developing in relation to climate change, bio- diversity and international environmental funding. Presenting a compelling and up-to-date account of developments within this burgeoning policy area, the volume: (cid:127) includes a range of case studies including the World Bank, UNEP and the OECD (cid:127) presents quantitative and qualitative research that advances understand- ing of international organizations in the field of international relations (cid:127) delivers contributions from a range of internationally renowned academ- ics and specialists within the field International Organizations in Global Environmental Governance will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations theory, inter- national economics, environmental policy, organizational theory and environ- mental studies. Frank Biermann is Professor of Political Science and of Environmental Policy Sciences at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Bernd Siebenhüner is Professor of Ecological Economics at Oldenburg Uni- versity, Germany. Anna Schreyögg is Researcher at the Climate Change Division, Federal Environment Agency, Germany. Environmental politics / Routledge research in environmental politics Edited by Matthew Paterson, University of Ottawa and Graham Smith, University of Southampton Over recent years environmental politics has moved from a peripheral interest to a central concern within the discipline of politics. This series aims to rein- force this trend through the publication of books that investigate the nature of contemporary environmental politics and show the centrality of environ- mental politics to the study of politics per se. The series understands politics in a broad sense and books will focus on mainstream issues such as the policy process and new social movements as well as emerging areas such as cultural politics and political economy. Books in the series will analyse contemporary political practices with regards to the environment and/or explore possible future directions for the ‘greening’ of contemporary politics. The series will be of interest not only to academics and students working in the environmental field, but will also demand to be read within the broader discipline. The series consists of two strands: Environmental Politics addresses the needs of students and teachers, and the titles will be published in paperback and hardback. Titles include: Global Warming and Global Politics Matthew Paterson Politics and the Environment James Connelly and Graham Smith International Relations Theory and Ecological Thought Towards synthesis Eric Laferrière and Peter Stoett Planning Sustainability Edited by Michael Kenny and James Meadowcroft Deliberative Democracy and the Environment Graham Smith EU Enlargement and the Environment Institutional change and environmental policy in Central and Eastern Europe Edited by JoAnn Carmin and Stacy D. VanDeveer The Crisis of Global Environmental Governance Towards a new political economy of sustainability Edited by Jacob Park, Ken Conca and Matthias Finger Routledge Research in Environmental Politics presents innovative new research intended for high-level specialist readership. These titles are published in hardback only and include: 1 The Emergence of Ecological Modernisation Integrating the environment and the economy? Stephen C. Young 2 Ideas and Actions in the Green Movement Brian Doherty 3 Russia and the West Environmental cooperation and conflict Geir Hønneland 4 Global Warming and East Asia The domestic and international politics of climate change Edited by Paul G. Harris 5 Europe, Globalization and Sustainable Development Edited by John Barry, Brian Baxter and Richard Dunphy 6 The Politics of GM Food A comparative study of the UK, USA and EU Dave Toke 7 Environmental Policy in Europe The Europeanization of national environmental policy Edited by Andrew Jordan and Duncan Liefferink 8 A Theory of Ecological Justice Brian Baxter 9 Security and Climate Change International relations and the limits of realism Mark J. Lacy 10 The Environment and International Politics International fisheries, heidegger and social method Hakan Seckinelgin 11 Postmodern Climate Change Leigh Glover 12 Contemporary Environmental Politics From margins to mainstream Edited by Piers H. G. Stephens, with John Barry and Andrew Dobson 13 Sustainable Consumption, Ecology and Fair Trade Edited by Edwin Zaccaï 14 Environmental Governance in China Edited by Neil Carter and Arthur P. J. Mol 15 Global Justice and Neoliberal Environmental Governance Ethics, sustainable development and international cooperation Chukwumerije Okereke 16 The Politics of Unsustainability Eco-politics in the post-ecologist era Ingolfur Blühdorn 17 International Organizations in Global Environmental Governance Edited by Frank Biermann, Bernd Siebenhüner and Anna Schreyögg International Organizations in Global Environmental Governance Edited by Frank Biermann, Bernd Siebenhüner and Anna Schreyögg First published 2009 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2009 Frank Biermann, Bernd Siebenhüner and Anna Schreyögg; selection and editorial matter; individual contributors, their contributions All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International organizations in global environmental governance / edited by Frank Biermann, Bernd Siebenhüner and Anna Schreyögg. p. cm. – (Routledge research in environmental politics ; 17) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. International agencies – Environmental aspects. 2. Environmental policy – International cooperation. 3. Environmental protection – International cooperation. I. Biermann, Frank, 1967– II. Siebenhüner, Bernd. III. Schreyögg, Anna. JZ1324.I58 2008 333.7 – dc22 2008032291 ISBN 0-203-88315-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 10: 0–415–46925–2 (hbk) ISBN 10: 0–203–88315–2 (ebk) ISBN 13: 978–0–415–46925–8 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978–0–203–88315–0 (ebk) Contents List of figures ix List of tables x Notes on contributors xi Preface xiii 1 Global environmental governance and international organizations: setting the stage 1 FRANK BIERMANN, BERND SIEBENHÜNER AND ANNA SCHREYÖGG PART I Intergovernmental organizations 17 2 The impact of international organizations on the environment: an empirical analysis 19 AXEL DREHER AND MAGDALENA RAMADA Y GALÁN SARASOLA 3 Setting standards for responsible banking: examining the role of the International Finance Corporation in the emergence of the Equator Principles 51 CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT 4 OECD peer reviews and policy convergence: diffusing policies or discourses? 71 MARKKU LEHTONEN 5 Socialization, the World Bank Group and global environmental governance 91 SUSAN PARK 6 The European Union and the ‘external’ dimension viii Contents of sustainable development: ambitious promises but disappointing outcomes? 111 CAMILLA ADELLE AND ANDREW JORDAN PART II International environmental programmes and secretariats 131 7 The role of the United Nations Environment Programme in the coordination of multilateral environmental agreements 133 STEINAR ANDRESEN AND KRISTIN ROSENDAL 8 UNEP as anchor organization for the global environment 151 MARIA IVANOVA 9 Treaty secretariats in global environmental governance 174 STEFFEN BAUER, PER-OLOF BUSCH AND BERND SIEBENHÜNER PART III New public–private hybrid organizations 193 10 International organizations as entrepreneurs of environmental partnerships 195 LILIANA B. ANDONOVA 11 Private governance organizations in global environmental politics: exploring their influences 223 PHILIPP PATTBERG 12 Agility and resilience: adaptive capacity in Friends of the Earth International and Greenpeace 244 VANESSA TIMMER 13 International organizations in global environmental governance: epilogue 264 BERND SIEBENHÜNER AND FRANK BIERMANN Index 270 Figures 4.1 The four roles of the OECD 78 4.2 Conceptual framework for analysing the impact of OECD reviews 79 4.3 Four pathways of influence from the EPRs (Environmental Performance Reviews) 81 8.1 Main functions for an anchor organization 152 8.2 Functions of UNEP’s mandate and anchor organizations 154 8.3 Comparative organizational annual budgets 164 8.4 Total UNEP biennial income from 1973 to 2003 in real 2000 US dollars 165 8.5 Top five donor contributions to UNEP in real 2000 US dollars 166 10.1 Lead UN organization in UNFIP projects 207 10.2 Issue distribution of UNFIP partnerships 208 10.3 UNFIP and PCF partners by type 213