This second edition of the International Migration Outlook, a revised and expanded version of what was previously published under the title Trends in International Migration, brings the reader detailed analysis of recent trends in migration movements and policies in OECD countries. It includes harmonised statistics on long-term international migration inflows for most OECD countries. It describes measures taken to facilitate the integration of immigrants from their arrival up until they gain full citizenship. International co-operation to improve border control and to combat irregular immigration is analysed in detail. In addition, the report evaluates the impact of the enlargement of the European Union on the flow of immigrant workers into OECD countries. It highlights the growing attention given to the links between migration and development, notably in the context of regional economic integration. This edition includes two special chapters on topical issues. The first addresses the challenge of matching immigrants education with employment, with the aim of adding value to human capital. The second, for the first time, analyses the importance of the presence of immigrants in the health sector of OECD countries. It also describes the migration policies put in place in OECD countries to recruit this highly qualified labour force. This edition also focuses on the employment situation and the participation rate of immigrants, particularly in the services sector. Table of contents Editorial: The Medical Brain Drain: Myths and Realities Introduction PART I. RECENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION A. Developments in Migration Flows -1. Half-Century of International Migration -2. Population Ageing, the Working Age Population, and International Migration -3. International Migration in 2005 -4. Regional Aspects of International Migration towards OECD Countries -5. Recent Trends in Migration from New European Union Members -6. Indian and Chinese Immigrants in OECD Countries -7. Africa and International Migration -8. Unauthorised Immigration -9. Permanent Settlement -10. Temporary Workers -11. International Students -12. Arrivals of Asylum Seekers -13. Changes in Status -14. The Immigrant Population -15. Migration of the Highly Skilled in Perspective B. Immigrants in the Labour Market -1. The Situation of Foreigners and Immigrants in the Labour Market in OECD Countries -2. The Integratio of Children of Immigrants C. Migration Policies -1. Attract, Receive, and Integrate: Domestic Immigration Policies -2. Immigration at the Heart of International Relations PART II. MATCHING EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND EMPLOYMENT: A CHALLENGE FOR IMMIGRANTS IN HOST COUNTRIES Introduction 1. Education: A Labour Market Access Factor which Immigrants Do Not Always Benefit From 2. Occupational Over-Qualification: A Variety of Approaches 3. An Evaluation of Immigrants' Risk of Occuational Over-Qualification 4. Interpretation of Over-Qualification by Levels of Literacy Conclusion Annex II.A.1. Employment and Unemployment Rates of Native- and Foreign-Born Populations by Level of Education 2003-2004 Annex II.A. 2. Measuring Competencies by Educational Level and Job Classification Annex II.A.3. Over-Qualification Defined by Wages Part III. IMMIGRANT HEALTH WORKERS IN OECD COUNTRIES IN THE BROADER CONTEXT OF HIGHLY-SKILLED MIGRATION Introduction Main Findings 1. Foreign-Born and Foreign-Trained Health Professionals in OECD Countries 2. Recent Trends in Migration Movements of Health Professionals 3. International Recruitment of Health Professionals and Migration Policies in OECD Countries Conclusion Annex III.A.1. Origin-Destination of Immigration Health Professionals in OECD Countries, Circa 2000 Annex II.A.2. Expatriation Rates for Doctors and Nurses Circa 2000 Annex II.A.3. Migration Policies and Recognition of Fo