CONTENTS Volume 21, Issues No. 1 JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Issue No. 71, January Retro-active Skill of Multi-tiered Forecasts of Summer Rainfall over Southern Africa baseline skill; canonical correlation analysis; downscaling; general circulation model perfect prognosis; seasonal rainfall forecasts; southern Africa W. A. Landman, S. J. Mason, P. D. Tyson and W. J. Tennant The Influence of Large-scale Atmospheric Circulation on the Surface Energy Balan the King George Island Ice Cap ablation; Antarctica; climate change; King George Island; snowmelt; South Shet/ Islands; surface energy balance; synoptic climatology M. Braun, H. Saurer, S. Vogt, J. C. Simdes and H. Go&mann In Search of Zonal Circulations in the Equatorial Atlantic Sector from the NCEP Reanalysis Atlantic; divergent flaw component; NCEP—NCAR reanalysis; vertical | circulation S. Hastenrath A Renewal Cluster Model for the Inter-arrival Times of Rainfall Events dry spells; rainfall; statistical inference; stochastic; Wellington, New P. S. P. Cowpertwait Atmospheric Circulation and Surface Temperature in Europe from 1995 Europe; North Atlantic Oscillation; temperature; climate instrumental records; correlation; circulation/climate relationship V. C. Slonosky, P. D. Jones and T. D. Davies The E! Nino-Southern Oscillation and Long-range Forecasting of Flows in the Gange: ENSO; Ganges; stream flow forecasting; southeast Asia; statistical modelling D. W. Whitaker, S. A. Wasimi and S. Islam Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for Predicted Rainfall Quantiles bootstrap; confidence intervals; rainfall, southern oscillation P. K. Dunn Impacts of Low Frequency Variability Modes on Canadian Winter Temperature Canada; winter temperature; low frequency variability modes; ENSO; PDO; NAO composite analysis; linear regression B. R. Bonsal, A. Shabbar and K. Higuchi A 40 Year Objective Climatology of Surface Cyclones in the Mediterranean Region Spatial and Temporal Distribution Mediterranean; objective climatology; spatial-temporal analysis cyclone; frequency P. Maheras, H. A. Flocas, |. Patrikas and Chr. Anagnostopoulou BOOK REVIEW Forthcoming Papers Issue No. 2, February Disaggregating Climatic Trends by Classification of Circulation Patterns circulation types; climatic trends; asymmetry in temperature trends; classification; Czech Republic R. Huth Objective Classification of Atmospheric Circulation over Southern Scandanavia southern Scandinavia; atmospheric circulation patterns; weather type classification, Lamb weather types; station temperature; station precipitation M.-L. Linderson Validation of ECMWF (Re)analysis Surface Climate Data, 1979-98, for Greenland and Implications for Mass Balance Modelling of the Ice Sheet Greenland ice sheet; mass balance; climate change; global warning; climate variables; techniques; region E. Hanna and P. Valdes Principal Sequence Pattern Analysis: A New Approach to Classifying the Evolution of Atmospheric Systems atmospheric circulation; extended empirical orthogonal functions; principal component analysis; principal sequence pattern analysis; synoptic climatology; T-mode appoach R. H. Compagnucci, D. Araneo and P. O. Canziani Precipitation Seasonality in Eastern and Southern Coastal Spain climate change; Mediterranean; precipitation seasonality; seasonality index; Spain G. Sumner, V. Homar and C. Ramis Modelling Low Frequency Variability in Southern Hemisphere Extra-Tropical Cyclone Characteristics and its Sensitivity to Sea-Surface Temperature Southern Hemisphere; low frequency climate variability; extra-tropical cyclones; sea surface temperature; atmospheric modelling C. J. C. Reason and R. J. Murray Issue No. 3, 15 March Trends in Extreme Daily Rainfall and Temperature in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific: 1961-1998 Australasia; climate change; climate extremes; precipitation; Southeast Asia; South Pacific; temperature M. J. Manton, P. M. Della-Marta, M. R. Haylock, K. J. Hennessy, N. Nicholls, L. E. Chambers, D. A. Collins, G. Daw, A. Finet, D. Gunawan, K. Inape, H. Isobe, T. S. Kestin, P. Lefale, C. H. Leyu, T. Lwin, L. Maitrepierre, N. Ouprasitwong, C. M. Page, J. Pahalad,. N. Plummer, M. J. Salinger, R. Suppiah, V. L. Tran, B. Trewin, |. Tibig and D. Yee Instrumental Pressure Observations and Atmospheric Circulation from the 17th and 18th Centuries: London and Paris atmospheric circulation; -climate variability; early instrumental data; Europe; historical climatology; late Maunder Minimum; Little Ice Age; sea-level pressure; William Derhan V. C. Slonosky, P. D. Jones and T. D. Davies Trends in the Daily Intensity of Precipitation in Italy from 1951 to 1996 daily precipitation; heavy precipitation events; Italy; trend analysis; precipitation intensity M. Brunetti, M. Colacino, M. Maugeri and T. Nanni Have Streamflow Droughts in Europe Become More Severe or Frequent? streamflow drought; streamflow; trend test; Europe; regional study; European Water Archive (EWA) H. Hisdal, K. Stahl, L. M. Tallaksen and S. Demuth Automated Database of Mesocyclones from the HIRLAM (INM)-0.5° Analyses in the Western Mediterranean automated database; cyclone; detection of cyclones; mesoscale; tracking of cyclones; western Mediterranean M. A. Picornell, A. Jansa, A. Genovés and J. Campins The Relationship Between the Wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation and Blocking Episodes in the North Atlantic atmospheric blocking; composite analysis; conceptual model; North Atlantic; North Atlantic Oscillation; quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity; regression analysis thermal forcing A. Shabbar, J. Huang and K. Higuchi The Cause of Warming Over Norway in the ECHAM4/OPYC3 GHG Integration climate change; coupled global climate model; correlation; canonical correlation analysis; historical observations; North Atlantic Oscillation; Norway; regression R. E. Benestad Changes in the Amount of Low Clouds in Estonia (1955-1995) East Europe; Baltic Sea region; Estonia; trend analysis; regression analysis; t-test; low clouds; amount of low clouds; types of low clouds; Grosswetterlagen (GWL); large scale atmospheric circulation S. Keevallik and V. Russak BOOK REVIEW Issue No. 4, 30 March Climate of the Seasonal Cycle in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic Oceans sea surface temperature; air temperature; sea level pressure; climate variability; sea sonal cycle; COADS; North Pacific and Atlantic; air-sea interaction 1. M. Yashayaev and I. |. Zveryaev The Spatial and Temporal Behaviour of the Lower Stratospheric Temperature over the Southern Hemisphere: The MSU View. Part |: Data, Methodology and Temporal Behaviour stratosphere; temperature; variability; MSU; principal component analysis R. H. Compagnucci, M. A. Salles and P. O. Canziani The Spatial and Temporal Behaviour of the Lower Stratospheric Temperature over the Southern Hemisphere: The MSU View. Part Il: Spatial Behaviour stratosphere; temperature; variability; MSU M. A. Salles, P. O. Canziani and R. H. Compagnucci Spatial Variations in the Average Rainfall—Altitude Relationship in Great Britain: An Approach using Geographically Weighted Regression altitude; precipitation; regression modelling; Great Britain C. Brunsdon, J. McClatchey and D. J. Unwin Influence of Synoptic Situations on the Precipitation in Krakéw (Poland) circulation patterns; daily precipitation; Poland; synoptic situations R. Twardosz and T. Niedz wiedz Air Temperature Fluctuations in Guadalajara, Mexico, from 1926 to 1994 in Relation to Urban Growth Guadalajara, Mexico; heat/cool island; maximum and minimum urban temperature 1. E. Tereshchenko and A. E. Filonov Homogeneity Adjustments of Temperature and Precipitation Series— Finnish and Nordic Data homogeneity testing; metadata; Nordic; precipitation; temperature H. Tuomenvirta Variability of Cloud Microphysical and Optical Parameters Obtained from Aircraft and Satellite Remote Sensing Measurements During RACE cloud; microphysical and optical variability; remote sensing; RACE; climate change 1. Gultepe, G. A. Isaac and K. B. Strawbridge A Study of Cyclonic Disturbances over India and the Adjacent Ocean cyclonic disturbances; frequency; periodicity; trend; variability S. K. Patywardhan and H. N. Bhalme Issue No. 5, April Precipitation and Atmospheric Circulation Patterns at Mid-Latitudes of Asia atmospheric processes; central Asia; Japanese Islands; precipitation; Siberia E. M. Aizen, V. B. Aizen, J. M. Melack, T. Nakamura and T. Ohta Performance of Statistical Downscaling Models in GCM Validation and Regional Climate Change Estimates: Application for Swedish Precipitation Statistical downscaling; HadCM2; CCA; EOF; precipitation; Sweden A. Busuioc, D. Chen and C. Hellstr6m Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Atmospheric Turbidity over South Africa aerosols; turbidity; climate; radiation; modelling; South Africa H. C. Power and C. J. Willmott Winter and Summer Hadley Circulations over Peninsular India as Monitored by MST Radar at Gadanki (13.47°N, 79.18°E) anomalous meridional flow; atmospheric vertical motion (direct measurement); low level jet; monsoon Hadley circulation; MST radar wind measurements V.H. Annes, K. Mohankumar and P. V. Joseph Monsoon Rainfall Variations and Teleconnections over South and East Asia monsoon rainfall; South and East Asia; Northern Hemisphere; Pacific circulation; tele connections R. H. Kripalani and A. Kulkarni Analysis of Maximum and Minimum Daily Temperatures Recorded at Fabra Observatory (Barcelona, NE Spain) in the Period 1917-1998 daily extreme temperatures; time series analysis; homogeneity; randomness temperature trends; entropy and power spectral analyses C. Serra, A. Burgueno and X. Lana Using Redundancy Analysis to Improve Dynamical Seasonal Mean 500 hPa Geopotential Forecasts general circulation model; ensemble experiments; hindcast; redundancy analysis tech nique X. L. Wang and F. W. Zwiers BOOK REVIEW Issue No. 6, May Precipitation Trends over the Russian Permafrost-Free Zone: Removing the Artifacts of Pre-Processing precipitation trends; Russia; wetting adjustments P. Ya. Groisman and E. Ya. Rankova Winter Temperature Covariances in the Middle and the Lower Troposphere over Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean air temperature variability; canonical correlation analysis; Europe and North Atlantic Ocean; factor analysis; middle and lower troposphere C. J. Lolis and A. Bartzokas Pilot Study of Latewood-Width of Conifers as an Indicator of Variability of Summer Rainfall in the North American Monsoon Region classification tree; climate reconstruction; dendroclimatology monsoon, precipitation; North America D. M. Meko and C. H. Baisan Sunshine Records from Ireland: Cloud Factors and Possible Links to Solar Activity and Cosmic Rays clouds; correlation; cosmic rays; Ireland; North Atlantic; solar activity; sunshine trends E. Pallé and C. J. Butler Spatial and Temporal Persistence of Mean Monthly Temperature on Two GCM Grid Cells altitude; downscaling; geostatistics; monthly temperature C. Hoff An Evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index, the China-Z Index, and the Statistical Z-Score China; China-Z Index; drought; drought index; drought monitoring; precipitation, Standardized Precipitation Index; statistical Z-Score H. Wu, M. J. Hayes, A. Weiss and Q. Hu Interdecadal Variations of Characteristics of Monsoon Disturbances and their Epochal Relationships with Rainfall and Other Tropicai Features Indian region; Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR); interdecadal variation; monsoon disturbances; 11-year moving correlation coefficients J. Rajendra Kumar and S. K. Dash Issue No. 7, 15 June Downscaling of Temperature and Precipitation: A Comparison of Regression-based Methods and Artificial Neural Networks artificial neural networks; circulation-based downscaling; Midwestern United States; regression J. T. Schoof and S. C. Pryor Spatial Grouping of United States Climate Stations Using a Hybrid Clustering Approach cluster analysis; rank correlation; seasonal temperature; seasonal precipitation; station density A. T. DeGaetano Climatology of Near-Surface Wind Patterns Over Switzerland Alps; classification, cluster analysis; complex terrain; near-surface wind; Switzerland; weather types; wind climatology R. O. Weber and M. Furger Identification of Highest Magnitude Coastal Storm Events over Western Ireland on the Basis of Wind Speed and Duration Thresholds wind climate; storm classification; thresholds; western Ireland P. MacClenahan, J. McKenna, J. A. G. Cooper and B. O’Kane Spatial Distribution of Seasona! Rainfall Trends in a Western Mediterranean Area Cramér-von Mises test; Mediterranean climate; rainfall trends; rainfall variability; sea sonal rainfall; spatial analysis; Valencia region J. C. Gonzalez-Hidalgo, M. De Luis, J. Raventdos and J. R. Sanchez Changes in Total Precipitation, Rainy Days and Extreme Events in Northern Italy daily precipitation; extreme events; Italy; precipitation intensity; return period; trend analysis M. Brunetti, M. Maugeri and T. Nanni 20th Century Droughts in Southern Africa: Spatial and Temporal Variability, Teleconnections with Oceanic and Atmospheric Conditions atmospheric conditions; composite analysis; droughts; ENSO; sea-surface temperature; southern Africa Y. Richard, N. Fauchereau, |. Poccard, M. Rouault and S. Trzaska Correlation Fields for Solar Radiation in Northeast Brazil correlation coefficients; factor analysis; northeast Brazil; solar irradiation J. C. Ceballos, J. M. de Souza and A. C. T. Dantas Rapid Methods to Estimate Sky-View Factors Applied to Urban Areas digital camera with fisheye lens; plant canopy analyser; sky-view factor C. S. B. Grimmond, S. K. Potter, H. N. Zutter and C. Souch Issue No. 8, 30 June Tornado Climatology of Canada Revisited: Tornado Activity During Different Phases of ENSO Canada; climatology; ENSO; tornadoes D. Etkin, S. E. Brun, A. Shabbar and P. Joe United Kingdom and Ireland Precipitation Variability and the North Atlantic Sea-Level Pressure Field East Atlantic pattern; EOF analysis; linear regression; North Atlantic Oscillation precipitation variability; sea-level pressure; United Kingdom and Ireland S. J. Murphy and R. Washington Evolution of Tropical and Extratropical Precipitation Anomalies During the 1997-1999 ENSO Cycle El Nifio; ENSO; La Nifia; precipitation; tropics S. Curtis, R. Adler, G. Huffman, E. Nelkin and D. Bolvin Seasonality and Atmospheric Dynamics of the Teleconnection Between African Rainfall and Tropical Sea-Surface Temperature: Atlantic vs. ENSO African rainfall; atmospheric circulation; composite analysis; ENSO; interannual vari ability; NCEP/NCAR reanalysis; seasonal patterns; tropical SST P. Camberlin, S. Janicot and |. Poccard A Tree-ring Reconstruction of Past Precipitation for Baja California Sur, Mexico Baja California Sur, Mexico; dendroclimatology; ENSO-precipitation; Pinus lagunae Sierra de la Laguna S. C. Diaz, R. Touchan and T. W. Swetnam Evolution of Maritime Continent Thunderstorms Under Varying Meteorologi Conditions over the Tiwi Islands Hector; MCTEX; satellite cloud climatology; Tiwi Islands J. Beringer, N. J. Tapper and T. D. Keenan BOOK REVIEW Issue No. 9, July SPECIAL REVIEW ISSUE Editorial G. R. McGregor Satellite Rainfall Climatology: A Review passive microwave; rainfall; satellite climatology C. Kidd Forty Years of Numerical Climate Modelling Archaen; climate models; climate system; deforestation; earth models of inter mediate complexity (EMICs); feedbacks; global climate models (GCMs); greenhouse warming; land-use change; last glacial maximum; mid-Holocene, Milankovitch; mod els; ozone hole; palaeoclimate K. McGuffie and A. Henderson-Sellers Current Approaches to Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Predictions dynamical prediction; ensembles; ENSO; probabilistic forecasts; seasonal climate variability; statistical prediction L. Goddard, S. J. Mason, S. E. Zebiak, C. F. Ropelewski, R. Basher and M. A. Cane 1111 Abrupt and Sudden Climatic Transitions and Fluctuations: A Review abrupt climate changes; Dansgaard-Oeschger events; Europe; global warming; Heinrich events; Holocene; Little lce Age; thermohaline circulation J. G. Lockwood Issue No. 10, August Subtropical Cold Surges: Regional Aspects and Global Distribution cold surges; global distribution; NCEP—NCAR reanalysis; transient heat transport R. D. Garreaud Low Frequency and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in the Malaysian Precipitation Anomaly EOF; ENSO; Malaysian precipitation; low frequency; quasi-biennial F. T. Tangang The Pacific-South American Modes and their Downstream Effects blocking; rainfall over South America; Southern Hemisphere K. C. Mo and J. N. Paegle The Analysis of El Nino and La Nina Signals in Streamflows of Turkey annual cycle; correlation analysis; El Nino; harmonic analysis; La Nifa; Southern Oscillation; streamflow; Turkey E. Kahya and M. Cagatay Karabork Early Detection of the Start of the Wet Season in Semiarid Tropical Climates of Western Africa early detection; linear discriminant analysis; rainy season; western Africa; wet season D. E. S. Dodd and |. T. Jolliffe Bayesian Hazard Analysis of Heavy Precipitation in Eastern Spain Bayesian estimation; generalized Pareto distribution; hazard; heavy precipitation; point over threshold; Valencia, Spain J. J. Ecozcue and C. Ramis Ice Crystal Number Concentration Versus Temperature for Climate Studies climate studies; ice crystal number; concentration; temperature; GCMs; heterogeneous nucleation |. Gultepe, G. A. Isaac and S. G. Cober BOOK REVIEW Issue No. 11, September Estimating Missing Daily Temperature Extremes Using an Optimized Regression Approach median absolute error; optimized regression analysis; temperature extreme R. J. Allen and A. T. CeGaetano Spatial! Distribution and its Seasonality of Satellite-derived Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Climate in Siberia cluster analysis; ecosystem; GVI; phenology; precipitation; Siberia; taiga; temp erature; tundra R. Suzuki, T. Nomaki and T. Yasunari Assessing Future Changes in Extreme Precipitation over Britain Using Regional Climate Model Integrations Britain; extreme precipitation; regional climate mode!; scenarios P. D. Jones and P. A. Reid The Role of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Storms in the Rainfall Climatology of Western Mexico Mexico; rainfall climatology; trend analysis; tropical storm rainfall P. J. Englehart and A. V. Douglas Modelling Summer Extreme Rainfall over the Korean Peninsula Using Wakeby Distribution annual maximum precipitation; bootstrap resampling; design value; isopluvial map method of L-moments estimation; return period J.-S. Park, H.-S. Jung, R.-S. Kim and J.-H. Oh An Objective Classification of Rainfall Events on the Basis of Their Convective Features Application to Rainfall Intensity in the Northeast of Spain Catalonia, Spain; design hyetographs; IDF curves; long-term rainfall intensity series rainfall events classification M.-C. Llasat Classification of Rainfall Variability by Using Artificial Neural Networks artificial neural networks; cluster analysis; Mediterranean; rainfall variability; self organizing feature map; weather variability S. C. Michaelides, C. S. Pattichis and G. Kleovoulou New Zealand Climate Change Information Derived by Multivariate Statistical and Artificial Neural Networks Approaches climate change; neural networks and multivariate statistics downscaling; New Zealand temperature and precipitation; transient general circulation models F. S. Mpelasoka, A. B. Mullan and R. G. Heerdegen BOOK REVIEW Issue No. 12, October Trends in New Zealand Daily Temperature and Rainfall Extremes climate trends; New Zealand; rainfall extremes; temperature extremes M. J. Salinger and G. M. Griffiths Reconstruction of the North Atlantic Oscillation, 1429-1983 dendroclimate reconstruction; multi-proxy reconstruction; North Atlantic Region, North Atlantic Oscillation M. F. Glueck and C. W. Stockton Observed and SST-Forced Seasonal Rainfall Variability Across Tropical America atmospheric General Circulation Model; Canonical Correlation Analysis; forecast skill; interannual variability; seasonal rainfall; sea-surface temperature forcing; Singular Value Decomposition Analysis; tropical America V. Moron, M. N. Ward and A. Navarra interannual Variability of Winter Precipitation in Northern Iberian Peninsula baroclinic activity; Cantabrian; Eady growth; EOF analysis; Iberian Peninsula; Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter; winter precipitation J. Saenz, J. Zubillaga and C. Rodriguez-Puebla ... . —e: — 3 . oe Indo-Pacific Relationships in Terms of Sea-Surface Temperature Variations Indian Ocean; Pacific Ocean; singular value decomposition; sea-surface temperatures R. D. Sewell and W. A. Landman ee ee ee Ae? is 1515 The Determination of Observed Atmospheric Differences Between Heavy and Light Precipitation Events in New Jersey, USA heavy precipitation forecasting; New Jersey climate; quantitative precipitation fore casting; synoptic climatology R. Harnack, K. Apffel, M. Georgescu and S. Baines Calculation of Direct Solar and Diffuse Radiation in Israel atmospheric turbidity; l/srael; solar radiation S. Becker Issue No. 13, 15 November Wintertime Temperature Anomalies in Alaska Correlated with ENSO and PDO Alaska; Aleution low; El Nifio-Southern Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Pacific/North American pattern; temperature anomalies; temperature inversions oe re De he ee ee ; , a= ee Effects of Atmospheric Circulation on Ice Conditions in the Southern Baltic Coastal Lagoons Circulation patterns; ice conditions; southern Baltic J.P. Gaetowicz lw lw kt kn SP gid :; ater . 1593 Lagged Teleconnections Between Snow Depth in Northern Eurasia, Rainfall in Southeast Asia and Sea Surface Temperatures Over the Tropical Pacific Ocean monsoon; northern Eurasia; sea surface temperature; snow; Southeast Asia ee ee eee, ee eran ant 1607 Principal Modes of Interannual and Decadal Variability of Summer Rainfall over South America decadal variability; EOF analysis; interannual variability; Lanczos filter; South America; summer monsoon; summer rainfall; SVD analysis ae meee A a a kk se ‘a ae _ & « % Wee A Comparison Between Two Empirical Downscaling Strategies climate scenarios; empirical downscaling; common prinicipal components; analysis of robustness IE Sore a a ee ne iene. SG te Cea en