INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN Intermediate Russian: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible and practical grammar with related exercises in a single volume. Using a wide variety of texts from Russian sources, Intermediate Russian enables students to gain an insight into contemporary Russian society and culture whilst strengthening their fluency in the language. The 30 units present a broad range of grammatical topics, illustrated by examples which serve as models for the wide-ranging and varied exercises that follow. These exercises enable the student to master the relevant grammar points. Features include: • texts and exercises reflecting contemporary Russian • concise grammatical explanations • full answer key • detailed index. Intermediate Russian, like its sister volume, Basic Russian, is ideal for both independent study and use in class. The two books comprise a compendium of the essentials of Russian grammar. John Murray and Sarah Smyth are Lecturers in Russian at Trinity College Dublin. They are the authors of Basic Russian: A Grammar and Workbook, also published by Routledge. Other titles available in the Grammar Workbooks series are: Basic Cantonese Intermediate Cantonese Basic Chinese Intermediate Chinese Basic German Intermediate German Basic Irish Intermediate Irish Basic Italian Basic Japanese Intermediate Japanese Basic Korean Intermediate Korean Basic Persian Basic Polish Intermediate Polish Basic Russian Basic Spanish Intermediate Spanish Basic Welsh Intermediate Welsh Basic Yiddish INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN: A GRAMMAR AND WORKBOOK 2nd edition John Murray and Sarah Smyth Second edition published 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 John Murray and Sarah Smyth The right of John Murray and Sarah Smyth to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 1999 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Murray, John (John Damian) Intermediate Russian : a grammar and workbook / John Murray and Sarah Smyth. – 2nd edition. pages ; cm. – (Grammar workbooks) Includes index. 1. Russian language–Textbooks for foreign speakers–English. 2. Russian language– Grammar–Problems, exercises, etc. I. Smyth, Sarah. II. Title. III. Series: Grammar workbooks. PG2112.M874 2013 491.782′421–dc23 2012038350 ISBN: 978-0-415-69825-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-69824-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-55881-2 (ebk) Typeset in Times Ten by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Sources xii Part 1 Counting the years 1 1 Counting things 3 (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:3)(cid:4) 3 (cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:9)(cid:4)/(cid:7)(cid:10)(cid:5)(cid:4) 4 Numerals and nouns 4 Collective numerals 5 2 Dative case 10 Expression of age 10 Adverbs of time 11 Expressing the interval of time prior/subsequent to an event 13 3 Ordinal numbers 18 Dates 19 Telling the time 20 4 Aspect 28 Imperfective in a general enquiry or statement 28 (cid:11)(cid:10)(cid:3) (cid:12) (cid:8)(cid:13) (cid:2) perfective 29 5 Revision 33 v Contents Part 2 Making plans 39 6 Plans for the future 41 Imperfective and perfective future tense 41 Suggesting a course of action or inviting someone to do something 43 Reaching a consensus 44 7 Expressing possibility and impossibility 52 (cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:14)(cid:8)(cid:4)/(cid:8)(cid:13)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:15)(cid:16) 52 Expressing pleasure/displeasure 53 8 Expressing desire 59 (cid:17)(cid:4)(cid:11)(cid:13)(cid:11)(cid:6)/(cid:17)(cid:4)(cid:11)(cid:13)(cid:11)(cid:6)(cid:2)(cid:16) 59 (cid:2)(cid:4)(cid:18)(cid:12)(cid:19)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:6)(cid:2)(cid:16) + infinitive 61 9 Expressing necessity 66 (cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:20)(cid:4)/(cid:8)(cid:13) (cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:20)(cid:4) 66 (cid:8)(cid:13)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:15)(cid:16) + imperfective/perfective 67 (cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:20)(cid:4) + imperfective/perfective 67 (cid:20)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:14)(cid:13)(cid:8) 69 10 ‘If’ and ‘when’ (naming conditions) 73 (cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:9)(cid:20)(cid:10) 73 (cid:13)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:12)/(cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:3) (cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:3)(cid:4) 73 11 Revision 78 Part 3 Getting things done 83 12 Expressing desire: subjunctive 85 (cid:21)(cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:18)(cid:22) 85 13 Imperative 89 Imperfective imperative 89 Perfective imperative 90 Speaking on the telephone 92 (cid:23)(cid:24)(cid:2)(cid:11)(cid:6)/(cid:23)(cid:24)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:25) 93 14 Asking for and giving directions 98 (cid:21)(cid:13)(cid:19)(cid:13)(cid:15) 99 vi 15 Giving advice, suggesting and agreeing 104 Contents (cid:2)(cid:4)(cid:26)(cid:13)(cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:26)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:6)/(cid:23)(cid:4)(cid:2)(cid:4)(cid:26)(cid:13)(cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:26)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:6) 104 (cid:8)(cid:13) (cid:2)(cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:12)(cid:11) 105 (cid:21)(cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:18)(cid:22) 105 16 Revision 109 Part 4 Going places 115 17 Past tense 117 (cid:17)(cid:4)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:5) vs. (cid:23)(cid:4)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:5); (cid:13)(cid:15)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:5) vs. (cid:23)(cid:4)(cid:13)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:5) 117 18 ‘On one’s way’ 120 (cid:12)(cid:20)(cid:11)(cid:12)/(cid:13)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:6) 120 Adverbs: (cid:13)(cid:29)(cid:28), (cid:13)(cid:29)(cid:28) (cid:8)(cid:13), (cid:24)(cid:14)(cid:13), (cid:24)(cid:14)(cid:13) (cid:8)(cid:13)((cid:11)) 121 19 Time spent travelling 125 (cid:12)(cid:20)(cid:11)(cid:12)/(cid:13)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:6) in past tense (2) 125 Indefinite pronouns: -(cid:11)(cid:4) and -(cid:8)(cid:12)(cid:18)(cid:24)(cid:20)(cid:6) 125 20 Stages in a journey 130 Prefixed verbs of motion 130 21 Revision 138 Part 5 Describing (1) 141 22 Asking for details 143 The interrogative: (cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:25) 143 Relative clauses: (cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:19)(cid:22)(cid:25) 143 Asking questions: (cid:5)(cid:12) 145 23 Adjectives and adverbs 150 Hard and soft adjectives 150 Comparative adjectives 151 Superlative adjectives 152 Comparative adverbs 152 (cid:26) (cid:11)(cid:19)(cid:12) (cid:19)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:10) (cid:18)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:27)(cid:13) 154 (cid:8)(cid:10) (cid:11)(cid:19)(cid:12) (cid:9)(cid:4)(cid:20)(cid:10) (cid:2)(cid:11)(cid:10)(cid:19)(cid:27)(cid:13) 154 vii Contents 24 Long and short adjectives 159 Adjectives: long and short form 159 The reflexive pronoun: (cid:2)(cid:13)(cid:18)(cid:16) 161 25 The weather 165 Short-form neuter adjective/adverb as predicate 165 Talking about the weather 166 26 Revision 171 Part 6 Describing (2) 175 27 Locating things 177 (cid:5)(cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:6), (cid:2)(cid:11)(cid:4)(cid:16)(cid:11)(cid:6) and (cid:26)(cid:12)(cid:2)(cid:13)(cid:11)(cid:6) 177 Adverbs of place 178 28 Relocating things 181 (cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:10)(cid:2)(cid:11)(cid:6)/(cid:23)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:6), (cid:2)(cid:11)(cid:10)(cid:26)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:6)/(cid:23)(cid:4)(cid:2)(cid:11)(cid:10)(cid:26)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:6), (cid:26)(cid:13)(cid:27)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:6)/(cid:23)(cid:4)(cid:26)(cid:13)(cid:2)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:6) 181 29 Prepositional phrases 188 Selection of phrases 188 30 Revision 195 Key to exercises 199 Glossary of proper names 238 Glossary of acronyms and abbreviations 240 Glossary of websites 242 Vocabulary 243 Grammar index 270 Russian index 272 viii PREFACE This grammar and workbook is intended for learners of Russian at an intermediate stage or for those who want to refresh their knowledge of the grammar. It is suitable both for people studying on their own and for those participating in language courses. It is intended not to replace a course book, but to be an additional resource for teachers and learners. This book provides brief explanations and illustrations of intermediate- level grammatical patterns and ample scope for practising and consolidat- ing intermediate-level Russian structures. In order to use this book, learners should have acquired a vocabulary of about 2,500 words. Each unit contains a brief explanation of a number of related areas of grammar, illustrative examples of the contexts in which the structures can be used and a selection of exercises. Units are arranged in thematic- ally linked parts, each covering a range of grammatical structures. Each unit also has an independent focus, which allows learners to concentrate on specific areas at appropriate stages in their own progress. Within each unit, the exercises provide systematic coverage of the points under dis- cussion. The final unit of each part places the structures which have been learnt independently in a wider context and offers the opportunity for revision. The six parts are: • Part 1 – Counting the years – which looks at common constructions used when talking about people’s lives over time; • Part 2 – Making plans – which introduces common constructions used when planning for the future; • Part 3 – Getting things done – which introduces common constructions used when we want, or want others, to do something; • Part 4 – Going places – which looks at verbs of motion; • Part 5 – Describing (1) – which introduces common constructions used when describing things; • Part 6 – Describing (2) – which continues looking at constructions used when describing things. ix